Program slicing techniques and its applications

Program understanding is an important aspect in Software Maintenance and Reengineering. Understanding the program is related to execution behaviour and relationship of variable involved in the program. The task of finding all statements in a program that directly or indirectly influence the value for an occurrence of a variable gives the set of statements that can affect the value of a variable at some point in a program is called a program slice. Program slicing is a technique for extracting parts of computer programs by tracing the programs' control and data flow related to some data item. This technique is applicable in various areas such as debugging, program comprehension and understanding, program integration, cohesion measurement, re-engineering, maintenance, testing where it is useful to be able to focus on relevant parts of large programs. This paper focuses on the various slicing techniques (not limited to) like static slicing, quasi static slicing, dynamic slicing and conditional slicing. This paper also includes various methods in performing the slicing like forward slicing, backward slicing, syntactic slicing and semantic slicing. The slicing of a program is carried out using Java which is a object oriented programming language

Tolerance to environmental stresses:Do fungal endophytes mediate plasticity in <i>Solanum dulcamara</i>?

Salinity imposes constraints on plant growth and development. Efforts have been made to develop salt-tolerant crops by different methods, the outcomes have not yet been sufficiently satisfactory. Plants depend on their symbiotic partners such as fungal symbionts to cope with stress conditions such as salinity. Bittersweet nightshade (Solanum dulcamara) has a wide ecological amplitude. Although S. dulcamara is becoming a model plant species, its associated fungal symbionts have hardly been studied. Here we propose that its symbiotic, endophytic fungi may be responsible for S. dulcamara's wide ecological amplitude. We examined the composition of endophytic fungal communities in S. dulcamara from contrasting habitats, i.e., dry and wet regions. We developed a method to select potential isolates based on their ability to colonize, grow and impart tolerance under stress conditions. The isolates identified from this study could potentially be used to improve crop productivity under suboptimal conditions

COVER COMPOSITION DIRECTION OF THROUGHPUT EXCELLENT MULTIPATH OCCUPATION

Using the clone identification protocol, we are designed to maximize the likelihood of clone recognition. Our aim would be to offer clone protocol recognition distributed by random selection of witnesses in order to increase the likelihood of clone’s recognition, as the negative impact of network life and the benefits of data buffer storage should be reduced. The circle structure facilitates the redistribution of energy efficiency data through the path to the witnesses and also for the sink. In theory, we show that the suggested protocol can be 100% likely to recognize clones with reliable controls. In particular, we take advantage of the sensor's location information and randomly select the witnesses located in a fake diamond setting to verify the validity of the sensors and also to report on perceived clone attacks. In addition, in many current protocol’s clones, recognize the randomized selection scheme, the buffer sensors required are usually determined by the node density. Extensive simulations show that our suggested protocol can extend the life of the network to disburse traffic load across the network effectively. The current system does not ensure that at least one witness can see who the sensor aims are to see if there is an attack clone or not. ERCD protocol performance is evaluated when it comes to the likelihood of clone’s recognition, energy use, network life and buffer capability of information. The extensive simulation results show that our ERCD suggested protocol can have a better performance in terms of the likelihood of clone recognition if the network is with reasonable storage capacity data

SPECTROSCOPIC MARK AND QUANTUM CHEMICAL INVESTIGATION FOR PHOTONIC/BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

LGHCl - Semi-organic single crystals of L-Glutamic acid hydrochloride, optical material have been grown by the solvent evaporation route. Powder X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analysis confirmed the formation of LGHCl crystals. The optical second harmonic generation (SHG) conversion efficiency of LGHCl was determined by the Kurtz-Perry powder technique, and it is found to be 1.62 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate. Through the SHG dependency of average particle sizes, the relative SHG efficiency of the crystal and the phase matching characteristic of the crystal were explored. The dielectric behaviour of LGHCl single crystal as a function of temperature was examined (300–350 K). The crystal's photoconductive properties were investigated in order to determine its photocurrent and dark current responses. The Vickers microharness analysis at room temperature was used to evaluate the mechanical hardness of the generated LGHCl single crystal. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was used to investigate the molecule's stability as a result of hyperconjugation and charge delocalization interaction. Furthermore, the total and partial density of states in the title compound was also determined. The obtained results indicate that the molecule is thermodynamically and optically stable, with a hyperpolarizability that is comparable to other molecules in its class

The impact of immediate breast reconstruction on the time to delivery of adjuvant therapy: the iBRA-2 study

Background: Immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) is routinely offered to improve quality-of-life for women requiring mastectomy, but there are concerns that more complex surgery may delay adjuvant oncological treatments and compromise long-term outcomes. High-quality evidence is lacking. The iBRA-2 study aimed to investigate the impact of IBR on time to adjuvant therapy. Methods: Consecutive women undergoing mastectomy ± IBR for breast cancer July–December, 2016 were included. Patient demographics, operative, oncological and complication data were collected. Time from last definitive cancer surgery to first adjuvant treatment for patients undergoing mastectomy ± IBR were compared and risk factors associated with delays explored. Results: A total of 2540 patients were recruited from 76 centres; 1008 (39.7%) underwent IBR (implant-only [n = 675, 26.6%]; pedicled flaps [n = 105,4.1%] and free-flaps [n = 228, 8.9%]). Complications requiring re-admission or re-operation were significantly more common in patients undergoing IBR than those receiving mastectomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy was required by 1235 (48.6%) patients. No clinically significant differences were seen in time to adjuvant therapy between patient groups but major complications irrespective of surgery received were significantly associated with treatment delays. Conclusion: IBR does not result in clinically significant delays to adjuvant therapy, but post-operative complications are associated with treatment delays. Strategies to minimise complications, including careful patient selection, are required to improve outcomes for patients

Pipe Cleaning Robot Using Microcontroller

Our project is about Pipe cleaning robot using microcontroller for industrial appliances which is very useful for cleaning the underground pipelines. Pipelines are very essential for transporting water and oils from one place to another [1]. They are used to interconnect networks from one station to another station and they are in various diameter sizes and fitting to compensate intended directions. And due to the continuous flow of water and oil fluids, pipelines are get damaged and the layer like dust is formed in the pipelines. To avoid this, frequent cleaning of pipeline is mandatory, but cleaning this small pipeline with a help of human is a tedious and expensive process [2]. To tackle these issues, We have developed an robot which travel inside the pipeline and clean it. This robot is light and compact and made up of simple and cheap components