Validation of the Spanish version of the five-item General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale in a sample of nursing students: Evidence of validity, reliability, longitudinal invariance and changes in general self-efficacy and resilience in a two-wave cross-lagged panel model.

The aim of this study is to validate the Spanish version of the five-item General Self-Efficacy scale in a sample of nursing students, by: 1) offering evidence of validity and reliability; 2) studying the longitudinal measurement invariance of the scale; 3) providing evidence on the changes in the levels of self-efficacy that occur after one year of nursing education; and 4) offering longitudinal evidence on the relationship between nursing students' self-efficacy and resilience levels. Nurses' general self-efficacy has been related to both personal and organizational outcomes. In Spain, some competencies the students must acquire during the Degree in Nursing implicitly refer to self-efficacy. For the measurement of general self-efficacy, the General Self-Efficacy Scale is one of the most widely used in Europe. A longitudinal design was used. Research took place at the University of Valencia and the University of the Balearic Islands (Spain). Participants were 324 nursing students, in the first year of the Nursing Degree. The five-item General Self-Efficacy scale and the Brief Resilience Coping Scale were used. Analyses included descriptive statistics, reliability estimates, confirmatory factor analysis, a longitudinal measurement invariance routine and several competing cross-lagged models. Evidence of reliability shown by the scale was adequate and a one-factor solution for the structure was found. Additionally, the five-item GSE showed evidence of invariance over time. A causal effect of self-efficacy on nursing students' levels of resilience was found. The Spanish version of the five-item General Self-Efficacy scale is a brief instrument that can contribute to the assessment of some of the basic competencies of the Degree in Nursing, which improve during their education and how these changes are related to other skills important for the nursing profession, such as resilience

Sistemas de visión automática y reconocimiento de patrones : Interfaces avanzadas, realidad virtual y aumentada

Este trabajo describe una línea de investigación y desarrollo (I/D) y los resultados esperados de la misma. El objetivo principal es estudiar, desarrollar y evaluar métodos y algoritmos en sistemas de visión automática y reconocimiento automático de patrones. Los principales temas abordados son análisis de imágenes, clasificación supervisada y no supervisada, interfaces basadas en visión, realidad virtual y aumentada.Eje: Computación gráfica, imágenes y visualizaciónRed de Universidades con Carreras en Informática (RedUNCI

Genome-Wide Screen of Genes Required for Caffeine Tolerance in Fission Yeast

Isabel A. Calvo et al...Background An excess of caffeine is cytotoxic to all eukaryotic cell types. We aim to study how cells become tolerant to a toxic dose of this drug, and the relationship between caffeine and oxidative stress pathways. Methodology/Principal Findings We searched for Schizosaccharomyces pombe mutants with inhibited growth on caffeine-containing plates. We screened a collection of 2,700 haploid mutant cells, of which 98 were sensitive to caffeine. The genes mutated in these sensitive clones were involved in a number of cellular roles including the H2O2-induced Pap1 and Sty1 stress pathways, the integrity and calcineurin pathways, cell morphology and chromatin remodeling. We have investigated the role of the oxidative stress pathways in sensing and promoting survival to caffeine. The Pap1 and the Sty1 pathways are both required for normal tolerance to caffeine, but only the Sty1 pathway is activated by the drug. Cells lacking Pap1 are sensitive to caffeine due to the decreased expression of the efflux pump Hba2. Indeed, ?hba2 cells are sensitive to caffeine, and constitutive activation of the Pap1 pathway enhances resistance to caffeine in an Hba2-dependent manner. Conclusions/Significance With our caffeine-sensitive, genome-wide screen of an S. pombe deletion collection, we have demonstrated the importance of some oxidative stress pathway components on wild-type tolerance to the drug.This work was supported by Direccion General de Investigacion of Spain Grant BFU2006-02610, and by the Spanish program Consolider-Ingenio 2010 Grant CSD 2007-0020, to E.H.Peer reviewe

Beyond equilibrium climate sensitivity

ISSN:1752-0908ISSN:1752-089

A Note on the Vogelsang Test for Additive Outliers

[eng] The role of additive outliers in integrated time series has attracted some attention recently and research shows that outlier detection should be an integral part of unit root testing procedures. Recently, Vogelsang [1999. Two simple procedures for testing for a unit root when there are additive outliers. J. Time Ser. Anal. 20, 237-52] suggested an iterative procedure for the detection of multiple additive outliers in integrated time series. However, the procedure appears to suffer from serious size distortions towards the finding of too many outliers as has been shown by Perron and Rodriguez [2003. Searching for additive outliers in nonstationary time series. J. Time Ser. Anal. 24, 193-220] In this note we prove the inconsistency of the test in each step of the iterative procedure and hence alternative routes need to be taken to detect outliers in nonstationary time series

Estilos de la relación de ayuda. Visión desde los Cuidados Paliativos

[spa] La revolución científica y tecnológica acontecida en las últimas décadas, ha contribuido a una gran especialización de la medicina, que a medida que profundizaba en los conocimientos técnicos, se ha ido alejando del cuidado de las personas enfermas para centrarse en sus enfermedades. Esta deshumanización que ha sufrido la atención sanitaria, nos ha llevado a volver a poner en valor las bases del cuidado. El modelo de cuidados paliativos responde a la necesidad de atender a las personas y sus familias desde una visión integral, atendiendo a sus necesidades físicas, pero también psicológicas, sociales y espirituales; y para ello establecer una relación de ayuda, resulta fundamental para poder atender y acompañar a la persona en su proceso de salud y enfermedad. El presente artículo hace una revisión del concepto de la relación de ayuda en el contexto de los cuidados paliativos

Measurement errors and outliers in seasonal unit root testing

[eng] Seasonal and non-seasonal data are frequently observed with noise. For instance, the time series can have irregular abrupt changes and interruptions following as a result of additive or temporary change outliers caused by external circumstances. Equally, the time series can have measurement errors. In this paper we analyse the above types of data irregularities on the behavior of seasonal unit root tests. Outliers and measurement errors can seriously affect seasonal unit root inference and it is shown how the distortion of the tests will depend upon the frequency, magnitude, and persistence of the outliers as well as on the signal to noise ratio associated with measurement errors. Some solutions to the implied inference problems are suggested and shown to work in practice

Detection of Additive Outliers in Seasonal Time Series

[eng] The detection and location of additive outliers in integrated variables has attracted much attention recently because such outliers tend to affect unit root inference among other things. Most of these procedures have been developed for non-seasonal processes. However, the presence of seasonality in the form of seasonally varying means and variances affect the properties of outlier detection procedures, and hence appropriate adjustments of existing methods are needed for seasonal data. In this paper we suggest modifications of tests proposed by Shin, Sarkar and Lee (1996) and Perron and Rodriguez (2003) to deal with data sampled at a seasonal frequency and we discuss their size and power properties. We also show that the presence of periodic heteroscedasticity will inflate the size of the tests and hence will tend to identify an excessive number of outliers. A modified Perron-Rodriguez test which allows periodically varying variances is suggested, and it is shown to have excellent properties in terms of both power and size

Common Periodic Correlation Features and the Interaction of Stocks and Flows in Daily Airport Data

[eng] We propose the multivariate representation of univariate and bivariate (possibly nonstationary) periodic models as a benchmark for the imposition of common periodic correlation (CPC) feature restrictions to obtain parameter parsimony. CPCs are short-run common dynamic features that co-vary across the different days of the week and possibly also across weeks and that can be common across different time series. We also show how periodic models can be used to describe interesting dynamic links in the interaction between stock and flow variables. We apply the proposed modeling framework to a dataset of daily arrivals and departures in airport transit data

Evaluación psicométrica en profesionales de enfermería de cuidados paliativos

[spa] Objetivos: Validar las escalas de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff en enfermería y relacionarlas con variables clave en calidad de vida laboral. Materiales y método: participaron por encuesta electrónica autoadministrada anónima 433 profesionales, 33.1% profesionales de enfermería (n=123) en quienes nos centramos. Además de sociodemográficos, se recogió información sobre bienestar psicológico, atención consciente, afrontamiento de la muerte y calidad de vida. La validez de constructo fue evaluada con análisis factorial confirmatorio. Se estimó fiabilidad y se recogieron evidencias de validez externa. Resultados: El modelo mostró ajuste adecuado: c2(362) = 438.59 (p = .01), CFI = .98, RMSEA = .05 [.03-.06] y fiabilidad adecuada para todas las dimensiones excepeto autonomía. Las dimensiones del bienestar se relacionaron moderada y positivamente con autoconciencia, afrontamiento ante la muerte y satisfacción por compasión, y negativamente con fatiga por compasión y burnout. Se destacan las relaciones entre dominio del entorno y burnout (-.54), propósito en la vida con satisfacción (.54) y con afrontamiento de la muerte (.50). Conclusiones: los resultados apoyan el uso de estas escalas en enfermería, pues muestran adecuada fiabilidad y validez y varias de ellas explican hasta una cuarta parte de indicadores relevantes en salud laboral, como burnout o satisfacción vital