Assessing dolomite surface reactivity at temperatures from 40 to 120 degrees C by hydrothermal atomic force microscopy

This study investigated the reactivity of the (1 0 4) dolomite surface in the system MgCO3–CaCO3–NaCl–H2O via a suite of aqueous solution–dolomite hydrothermal atomic force microscopy interaction experiments at temperatures from 40 to 120 °C, pH ranging from 4 to 8, pressures up to 5 bars, and over a wide range of aqueous fluid saturation state. Dolomite dissolution was observed in the presence of undersaturated aqueous fluids. Dissolution produced crystallographically well defined etch pits, consistent with the stoichiometric release of ordered lattice cations. In low to moderately saturated fluids, dolomite growth began by the growth of one or two layers of carbonate (layer height <3 Å) which morphologically reproduced the initial surface features, resembling the template effect as previously described by Astilleros et al. (2003, 2006) and Freij et al. (2004). Further growth was strongly inhibited and did not show any systematic crystallographically orientated growth morphologies. At aqueous fluid saturation states exceeding 500, nucleation and growth was observed on the dolomite surfaces at moderate rates, but these did not exhibit the characteristic dolomite crystallographic orientation after the growth of several layers. Taken together these observations suggest that the direct precipitation of dolomite from aqueous solution is disfavored at temperatures to at least 120 °C due to the poisoning of the dolomite surface for further growth by the precipitation of one to four Ca–Mg carbonate layers on these surfaces

Kuliah Kerja Nyata : Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Melalui Kegiatan Bakti Sosial Di Pantai Lalos Kabupaten Tolitoli

Pantai Lalos merupakan salah satu tempat rekreasi menikmati sunset di Kabupaten Tolitoli yang selalu menjadi andalan warga Tolitoli untuk berlibur bersama keluarga. Pariwisata andalan Tolitoli sudah tidak diragukan lagi adalah pantainya. Salah satu pantai yang dibanggakan masyarakat Tolitoli adalah Lalos. Pantai Lalos terletak di kecamatan Galang. Kultur Tolitoli sejatinya lekat dengan alam, tapi sayang kondisinya tercoreng oleh sampah. Kondisi itu juga menimpa sejumlah laut di Tolitoli. Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat  (PKM) ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 21 Maret 2022.  Bertempat di Pantai Lalos, Kecamatan Galang, Kabupaten Tolitoli, Sulawesi Tengah.  Prosedur  pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan secara bergotong-royong oleh mahasiswa/i peserta KKN dalam membersihkan sampah-sampah yang ada di bibir pantai lalos. Dari hasil survey di pantai lalos ternyata masih banyak warga dan pengunjung pantai yang kurang menyadari pentingnya  kebersiahan.  Oleh karena itu kami  mahasiswa/i KKN antusias untuk mengambil pantai lalos sebagai objek dari kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat dalam bentuk bakti sosial.Kata kunci : Pantai lalos. Sampah, Bakti Sosia

GaMin’11 – an International Inter-laboratory Comparison for Geochemical CO2 - Saline Fluid - Mineral Interaction Experiments

Due to the strong interest in geochemical CO2-fluid-rock interaction in the context of geological storage of CO2 a growing number of research groups have used a variety of different experimental ways to identify important geochemical dissolution or precipitation reactions and – if possible – quantify the rates and extent of mineral or rock alteration. In this inter-laboratory comparison the gas-fluid-mineral reactions of three samples of rock-forming minerals have been investigated by 11 experimental labs. The reported results point to robust identification of the major processes in the experiments by most groups. The dissolution rates derived from the changes in composition of the aqueous phase are consistent overall, but the variation could be reduced by using similar corrections for changing parameters in the reaction cells over time. The comparison of experimental setups and procedures as well as of data corrections identified potential improvements for future gas-fluid-rock studies

The assisi think tank meeting breast large database for standardized data collection in breast cancer\u2014attm.Blade

Background: During the 2016 Assisi Think Tank Meeting (ATTM) on breast cancer, the panel of experts proposed developing a validated system, based on rapid learning health care (RLHC) principles, to standardize inter-center data collection and promote personalized treatments for breast cancer. Material and Methods: The seven-step Breast LArge DatabasE (BLADE) project included data collection, analysis, application, and evaluation on a data-sharing platform. The multidisciplinary team developed a consensus-based ontology of validated variables with over 80% agreement. This English-language ontology constituted a breast cancer library with seven knowledge domains: baseline, primary systemic therapy, surgery, adjuvant systemic therapies, radiation therapy, followup, and toxicity. The library was uploaded to the BLADE domain. The safety of data encryption and preservation was tested according to General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) guidelines on data from 15 clinical charts. The system was validated on 64 patients who had undergone post-mastectomy radiation therapy. In October 2018, the BLADE system was approved by the Ethical Committee of Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy (Protocol No. 0043996/18). Results: From June 2016 to July 2019, the multidisciplinary team completed the work plan. An ontology of 218 validated variables was uploaded to the BLADE domain. The GDPR safety test confirmed encryption and data preservation (on 5000 random cases). All validation benchmarks were met. Conclusion: BLADE is a support system for follow-up and assessment of breast cancer care. To successfully develop and validate it as the first standardized data collection system, multidisciplinary collaboration was crucial in selecting its ontology and knowledge domains. BLADE is suitable for multi-center uploading of retrospective and prospective clinical data, as it ensures anonymity and data privacy

Pre-mRNA Splicing Modulation by Antisense Oligonucleotides

Pre-mRNA splicing, a dynamic process of intron removal and exon joining, is governed by a combinatorial control exerted by overlapping cis-elements that are unique to each exon and its flanking intronic sequences. Splicing cis-elements are usually 4-to-8-nucleotide-long linear motifs that provide binding sites for specific proteins. Pre-mRNA splicing is also influenced by secondary and higher order RNA structures that affect accessibility of splicing cis-elements. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) that block splicing cis-elements and/or affect RNA structure have been shown to modulate splicing in vivo. Therefore, ASO-based strategies have emerged as a powerful tool for therapeutic manipulation of splicing in pathological conditions. Here we describe an ASO-based approach to increase the production of the full-length SMN2 mRNA in spinal muscular atrophy patient cells

Mechanism of Splicing Regulation of Spinal Muscular Atrophy Genes

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is one of the major genetic disorders associated with infant mortality. More than 90% cases of SMA result from deletions or mutations of Survival Motor Neuron 1 (SMN1) gene. SMN2, a nearly identical copy of SMN1, does not compensate for the loss of SMN1due to predominant skipping of exon 7. However, correction of SMN2 exon 7 splicing has proven to confer therapeutic benefits in SMA patients. The only approved drug for SMA is an antisense oligonucleotide (Spinraza™/Nusinersen), which corrects SMN2 exon 7 splicing by blocking intronic splicing silencer N1 (ISS-N1) located immediately downstream of exon 7. ISS-N1 is a complex regulatory element encompassing overlapping negative motifs and sequestering a cryptic splice site. More than 40 protein factors have been implicated in the regulation of SMN exon 7 splicing. There is evidence to support that multiple exons of SMN are alternatively spliced during oxidative stress, which is associated with a growing number of pathological conditions. Here, we provide the most up to date account of the mechanism of splicing regulation of the SMN genes

Regulatory feedback from nascent RNA to chromatin and transcription

Transcription and chromatin function are regulated by proteins that bind to DNA, nucleosomes or RNA polymerase II, with specific non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) functioning to modulate their recruitment or activity. Unlike ncRNAs, nascent pre-mRNA was considered to be primarily a passive player in these processes. In this Opinion article, we describe recently identified interactions between nascent pre-mRNAs and regulatory proteins, highlight commonalities between the functions of nascent pre-mRNA and nascent ncRNA, and propose that both types of RNA have an active role in transcription and chromatin regulation

Formulasi Emulgel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Senggani (Melastoma Malabathricum L) Sebagai Luka Bakar

Luka bakar merupakan kerusakan jaringan kulit dikarenakan panas yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Penanganan luka bakar yang tidak tepat menyebabkan infeksi sekunder. Daun senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L) merupakan tanaman yang secara empiris digunakan untuk obat luka bakar. Tanaman ini mengandung senyawa golongan flavonoid, saponin dan tannin. Tujuan penelitian ini membuat formula sediaan emulgel dari ekstrak etanol daun senggani&nbsp; serta melakukan uji kestabilan fisik sediaan emulgel. Sediaan emulgel dipilih karena memiliki daya lekat yang lebih lama sehingga absorpsi obat lebih optimal serta memberikan rasa dingin pada kulit. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh ekstrak dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Emulgel dibuat dengan menggunakan variasi gelling agent carbopol 940 dengan konsentrasi 1% dan 2% sedangkan HPMC dengan konsentrasi 0,25% dan 5%. Evaluasi fisik terhadap emulgel meliputi uji organoleptik, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji daya lekat dan uji viskositas serta uji stabilitas dipercepat. Hasil evaluasi fisik diperoleh Formula 2 gelling agent carbopol 940 2% yang memenuhi syarat kestabilan fisik. Kata Kunci: Daun senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L), Emulgel, Luka bakar

Finite model approximations in decentralized stochastic control

Due to copyright restrictions, the access to the full text of this article is only available via subscription.In this chapter, we study the approximation of static and dynamic team problems using finite models which are obtained through the uniform discretization, on a finite grid, of the observation and action spaces of agents. In particular, we are interested in the asymptotic optimality of quantized policies