Performance modeling of fault-tolerant circuit-switched communication networks

Circuit switching (CS) has been suggested as an efficient switching method for supporting simultaneous communications (such as data, voice, and images) across parallel systems due to its ability to preserve both communication performance and fault-tolerant demands in such systems. In this paper we present an efficient scheme to capture the mean message latency in 2D torus with CS in the presence of faulty components. We have also conducted extensive simulation experiments, the results of which are used to validate the analytical mode

Software-based fault-tolerant routing algorithm in multidimensional networks

Massively parallel computing systems are being built with hundreds or thousands of components such as nodes, links, memories, and connectors. The failure of a component in such systems will not only reduce the computational power but also alter the network's topology. The software-based fault-tolerant routing algorithm is a popular routing to achieve fault-tolerance capability in networks. This algorithm is initially proposed only for two dimensional networks (Suh et al., 2000). Since, higher dimensional networks have been widely employed in many contemporary massively parallel systems; this paper proposes an approach to extend this routing scheme to these indispensable higher dimensional networks. Deadlock and livelock freedom and the performance of presented algorithm, have been investigated for networks with different dimensionality and various fault regions. Furthermore, performance results have been presented through simulation experiments

Low complexity interference aware distributed resource allocation for multi-cell OFDMA cooperative relay networks

In this paper we focus on the subcarrier allocation for the uplink OFDMA based cooperative relay networks. Multiple cells were considered, each composed of a single base station (destination), multiple amplify and forward (AF) relay stations and multiple subscriber stations (sources). The effects of inter-cell interference (ICI) have been considered to optimize the subcarrier allocation with low complexity. The optimization problem aims to maximize the sum rate of all sources and at the same time maintain the fairness among them. Full channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be available at the base station. In the proposed algorithm the subcarrier allocation is performed in three steps; firstly the subcarriers are allocated to the Relay Stations (RSs) by which the received ICI on each RS is minimized. Then, the pre-allocated subcarriers are allocated to subscribers to achieve their individual rate requirements. Finally the remaining subcarriers are allocated to subscribers with the best channel condition to maximize the total sum of their data rates. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the complexity with almost the same achievable rate of the optimal allocation in a single cell case. In case of multi-cell, the proposed algorithm outperforms the conventional algorithm in terms of total network achievable data rate and overall network complexity. ©2010 IEEE

Catalase epitopes vaccine design for Helicobacter pylori: A bioinformatics approach

Bioinformatics tools are helpful for epitopes prediction directly from the genomes of pathogens in order to design a vaccine. Epitopes are sub-sequences of proteins (8 to 10 mer peptides) which bind to MHC to interact with the T cell receptors and stimulate immune responses. Finding a suitable vaccine against Helicobacter pylori is necessary, because of high prevalence of the infection (25 to 90%). Moreover, this bacteria has been classified as a grade I carcinogen by WHO since 1994. Catalase, an important enzyme in the virulence of H. pylori, could be a suitable candidate for vaccine design because it is highly conserved, which is important for the survival of H. pylori; it is expressed in high level and it is exposed on the surface of the bacteria. In this study, we designed epitope-based vaccine for catalase specific regions of H. pylori by means of immunobioinformatic tools. H. pylori (26695) catalase has been compared with human catalase in order to select specific regions. Afterwards, epitopes of catalase were determined by propred software. Among predicted epitopes, three epitopes were selected including, MVNKDVKQTT, VLLQSTWFL and FHPFDVTKI. Three candidates out of 51catalase antigen epitopes had the highest score for reactivating with MHC II MHC in propred software. The candidate epitopes for vaccine design should be rather a composition of considering epitopes: MVNKDVKQTTKKVLLQSTWFLKKFHPFDVTKI. In this manner, 39 of 51 alleles of MHC class ІІ were involved and stimulated T-cell responses. We believe prediction of catalase epitopes by the immunoinformatics tools would be valuable for developing new immuoprophylatic strategy against H. pylori infection.Key words: Helicobacter pylori, catalase, epitopes

Nanoplasmonics in Metallic Nanostructures and Dirac Systems

In this book chapter, we review some of the progress made in nanoplasmonics and related optoelectronics phenomena in the field of two-dimensional (2D) materials and the recent 3D Weyl semimetals. We give a brief overview of plasmonics for three-dimensional (3DEG) and two-dimensional electron gases and draw comparisons with graphene, 3D topological insulators, 3D Weyl semimetals, and nanoplasmonics in nanogeometries. We discuss the decay of plasmons into electron-hole pairs and the subsequent thermalization and cooling of the hot carriers. We present our recent results in the fields of plasmonics in different nanostructures made of noble metals, such as Silver, and plasmonics in Dirac systems such as graphene and 3D topological insulators. We show a possibility of dynamically shifting the plasmon resonances in hybrid metal-semiconductor nanostructures. Plasmonics in 3D topological insulator and 3D Weyl semimetals have been least explored in nanoplasmonics although it can provide a variety of interesting physical phenomena involving spin plasmonics and chirality. Due to the inherent large spin-orbit coupling, locked spin-momentum oscillations can exist under special conditions and in the presence of an external laser field. We explore symmetric and antisymmetric modes in a slab of 3D TIs and present their dependences on the thickness of the slab

Wide Angle Dynamically Tunable Enhanced Infrared Absorption on Large Area Nanopatterned Graphene

Enhancing light-matter interaction by exciting Dirac plasmons on nanopatterned monolayer graphene is an efficient route to achieve high infrared absorption. Here, we designed and fabricated the hexagonal planar arrays of nanohole and nanodisk with and without optical cavity to excite Dirac plasmons on the patterned graphene and investigated the role of plasmon lifetime, extinction cross-section, incident light polarization, the angle of incident of light and pattern dimensions on the light absorption spectra

Evaluation of various diets and oviposition substrates for rearing Orius albidipennis Reuter

A suitable diet and oviposition substrate are two basic needs for successful mass rearing of Orius spp. and this may reduce their production costs. The effect of various foods containing eggs of Ephestia kuehniella and Sitotroga cerealella with various pollens were investigated on the biological parameters of O. albidipennis in the laboratory. Moreover, survival, hatching rate and fecundity of the predatory bug on various natural substrates were compared. Nymphal developmental time of the bug on diets including E. kuehniella and S. cerealella varied from 13 to 14.2 and 14 to 15.3 days, respectively. The nymph and adult survival and consumption rate were not significantly affected by the dietary treatments. Because of a more rapid development with food containing eggs of E. kuehniella, they are the best nymphal diets for mass rearing of O. albidipennis. It must be noted that S. cerealella eggs are six times cheaper than E. kuehniella eggs. Therefore, the foods containing eggs of S. cerealella may be more economic for mass rearing of the bug despite a slower development of nymphs that fed on them. Also, composition of S. cerealella and date palm pollen is the most suitable diet for mass rearing of O. albidipennis adults due to a higher fecundity and longevity of the adults and lower costs of the diet. Female longevity, total eggs and hatching percentage of the predatory bug on Sedum ternatum were significantly higher than other natural substrates. These results may have practical implications for mass rearing of O. albidipennis as part of a biological control program