The Error Probability of the Miller–Rabin Primality Test

© 2018, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. In our paper we give theoretical and practical estimations of the error probability in the well-known Miller–Rabin probabilistic primality test. We show that a theoretical probability of error 0.25 for a single round of the test is very overestimated and, in fact, error is diminishing with the growth of length of numbers involved by a rate limited with ln n/n

Evaluating the effectiveness of public health financing based on financial and non-financial indicators in terms of the knowledge economy

In conditions of the knowledge economy human capital, human value are the main factors of economic growth and prosperity of the state. Qualitative characteristics of human capital are indicators of public health. Therefore, one of the most important tasks of the state is to assess the effectiveness of financing public health expenditures. The methodological base of the research was the methods of system and economic analysis, mathematical statistics and decision optimization, which resulted in the identification of factors influencing the resource supply, availability and quality of public health. The formation of a comprehensive indicator of the effectiveness of the public health system based on the system of financial and non-financial indicators will allow to form numerically an assessment of the effectiveness of investments in public health and draw conclusions about the resources' provision, level of development, accessibility and quality of public health. The obtained results can be used in making effective public financial decisions, which allow to achieve an increase of accessibility and quality of health care, focusing on the human capital in conditions of knowledge economy.peer-reviewe

Formation of high-carbon abrasion-resistant surface layers when high-energy heating by high-frequency currents

The paper shows the possibility of carburization of low-carbon steel surface layers using high-frequency currents. The mathematical modeling of carburization using high-energy heating by high-frequency currents (HEH HFC) has been carried out, the temperature fields formed during the given processing have been calculated, as well as the structural changes in the surface layers have been simulated. The features of the structure formation in the surface layers of low-carbon steel after carburizing via HEH HFC have been determined by optical and scanning microscopy, which is confirmed by the computational models. The rational mode of fusion via HEH HFC has also been determined (power density of the source q[s]=(1.5...4.0)•10{8} W m{-2}, (the relative travel speed of parts V[p]=5 ... 100 mm /sec), with forming the compressive retained stresses in the surface layer ([sigma][RS]=-300...-400 MPa)

РЕОРГАНИЗАЦИЯ МЕЖКЛЕТОЧНЫХ АДГЕЗИОННЫХ КОНТАКТОВ И ПОЯВЛЕНИЕ МИГРАЦИОННОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ У КЛЕТОК MCF-7-SNAI1 ПРИ ИНДУКЦИИ ЭПИТЕЛИАЛЬНО-МЕЗЕНХИМАЛЬНОГО ПЕРЕХОДА

Using DIC and confocal microscopy, changes in morphology, migratory characteristics and adherence junctions (AJs) were analyzed in the mammary carcinoma cell line MCF-7-SNAI1  after activation of the EMT transcription factor SNAI1. Western Blot analysis showed that  after removal of tetracycline from the cell culture medium expression of SNAI1 reached its  peak in 24 hours and then plateaued for 7 days. During the 7 days the cells continued to  express E-cadherin; however, tangential AJs typical for cells with stable cell-cell adhesion,  changed into radial AJs. The radial AJs continued to accumulate E-cadherin during 24‑72  hours after tetracycline removal. As a result of SNAI1 activation, the cells underwent  epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and became migratory. On a two-dimensional  substrate, cells exhibited both individual and collective migration. As the tetracycline  washout period progressed, the fraction of the cells capable of migrating through migration chamber membranes increased; on the contrary, cells’ ability to invade an epithelial  monolayer decreased. These results demonstrate that retaining a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal  phenotype and accumulation of E-cadherin in AJs during early stages of EMT do not impede  disruption of stable cell-cell adhesion and cells’ acquisition of migratory activity.С помощью DIC-микроскопии и конфокальной микроскопии были проанализированы изменения морфологии,  миграционных характеристик и межклеточных адгезионных контактов в культуре клеток рака молочной железы MCF-7-SNAI1 при активации экспрессии транскрипционного фактора ЭМП – SNAI1. Как показал Вестерн-блот  анализ, экспрессия SNAI1 достигала максимальных значений через 24 часа после переноса клеток в среду без  тетрациклина и поддерживалась на этом уровне в течение семи дней. В клетках в течение семи дней  сохранялась экспрессия Е-кадхерина, при этом тангенциальные межклеточные адгезионные контакты,  характерные для клеток со стабильной межклеточной адгезией, замещались радиальными контактами. В  радиальных контактах в течение 24–72 часов отмывки от тетрациклина продолжалась аккумуляция Е- кадхерина. В результате активации SNAI1 клетки вступали в ЭМП и приобретали миграционную активность. На  двумерном субстрате клетки мигрировали как индивидуально, так и коллективно. С увеличением  продолжительности отмывки от тетрациклина повышался процент клеток, мигрировавших через поры в  миграционных камерах, способность клеток инвазировать эпителиальный монослой, напротив, снижалась.  Полученные данные свидетельствуют о том, что сохранение гибридного эпителиально-мезенхимального  фенотипа и аккумуляция Е-кадхерина в межклеточных адгезионных контактах на ранних этапах ЭМП не  препятствуют разрушению стабильной межклеточной адгезии и приобретению клетками миграционной активности

Steady state of atoms in a resonant field with elliptical polarization

We present a complete set of analytical and invariant expressions for the steady-state density matrix of atoms in a resonant radiation field with arbitrary intensity and polarization. The field drives the closed dipole transition with arbitrary values of the angular momenta $J_{g}$ and $J_{e}$ of the ground and excited state. The steady-state density matrix is expressed in terms of spherical harmonics of a complex direction given by the field polarization vector. The generalization to the case of broad-band radiation is given. We indicate various applications of these results.Comment: revtex, 26 pages, including 3 eps figures; PRA accepted for publication;v2 three typos are fixe

Application of Distance Educational Technologies in Preschool Education

В статье описывается опытно-экспериментальная работа по организации условий для дистанционного обучения в дошкольном образовании. Во время эксперимента авторами использовались технологии удаленного обучения, были разработаны пять проектов авторских самостоятельных работ.The article describes the experimental work on the organization of conditions for distance learning in preschool education. During the experiment, the authors used distance learning technologies; five projects of author's independent works were developed

Occurrence of subsolid nodules and ground - glass nodules in oncological patients’ lungs

Objective: the occurrence estimation of subsolid nodules and ground - glass nodules in oncological patients' lungs. Methods: The primary and repeated computer tomograms of lungs, the results of invasive research techniques and the autopsy of the oncological patients with various primary tumors’ localizations have been analyzed. The computer-aided lung tomography has been carried out at the spiral computer tomographic system Brilliance Big Bore (Philips). Conclusion: The occurrence of subsolid nodules and ground - glass nodules in the oncological patients is low (1,58 %). 67 % represent an inflammatory process. The other subsolid nodules are very likely to represent primary lung tumors, but not a metastatic lesion.Цель исследования: оценка распространенности субсолидных узелков и узелков матового стекла в легких у онкологических пациентов. Методы: Проанализированы результаты первичных и повторных компьютерных томограмм легких, результаты инвазивных методик исследования и аутопсии онкологических больных с различными локализациями первичных опухолей. Компьютерная томография легких была проведена на спиральном компьютерном томографе Brilliance Big Bore (Philips). Выводы: Распространенность субсолидных узелков и узелков матового стекла у онкологических пациентов низка (1,58 %). 67% представляет собой воспалительный процесс. Остальные субсолидные узелки, с большей вероятностью, представляют собой первичные опухоли легких, но не метастатическое поражение

Patient routing and process approach implementation for regional oncology service

Background. Cancer care involves a multidisciplinary approach to diagnosis and treatment of patients. A complex interaction of actors in the deployment of oncology services dictates usage of modern management technologies for improving the quality and efficiency of patient care through processes optimisation.Objectives. Provision of recommendations for patient routing based on research into the oncology service inter-level information exchange, integration of the process approach and electronic services. The lack of a unified information space with a regional oncology service has been explained. Measures are proposed for the patient routing optimisation as part of establishing a unified digital oncology service circuit.Methods. The oncology service was effectively remodelled through functional and information engineering of electronic services and the process management integration to establish a horizontal decision flow between facilities and employees on a process level bypassing the supervisor coordination. Statistical approaches were used to analyse the oncological patient population.Results. The following electronic services have been implemented: specialised patient referral routing, telemedicine and teleradiology. A comprehensive information framework has been created comprising medical, laboratory and radiological information subsystems integrated through regional electronic services of the unified state healthcare information platform. The goals, objectives, general principles, architecture and expected social economic impact on healthcare of Krasnodar Krai have been defined.Conclusion. Use of electronic services ensures an improved quality of specialised care and effective routing of patients. We perceive prospects of the integrated information platform in the extension and improvement of its subsystems’ functionality and content, sourcing more data providers and the circuit expansion to the federal and regional levels

Formation of high-carbon abrasion-resistant surface layers when high-energy heating by high-frequency currents

The paper shows the possibility of carburization of low-carbon steel surface layers using high-frequency currents. The mathematical modeling of carburization using high-energy heating by high-frequency currents (HEH HFC) has been carried out, the temperature fields formed during the given processing have been calculated, as well as the structural changes in the surface layers have been simulated. The features of the structure formation in the surface layers of low-carbon steel after carburizing via HEH HFC have been determined by optical and scanning microscopy, which is confirmed by the computational models. The rational mode of fusion via HEH HFC has also been determined (power density of the source q[s]=(1.5...4.0)•10{8} W m{-2}, (the relative travel speed of parts V[p]=5 ... 100 mm /sec), with forming the compressive retained stresses in the surface layer ([sigma][RS]=-300...-400 MPa)