Mutual impedance of nonplanar-skew sinusoidal dipoles

The mutual impedance of nonplanar-skew sinusoidal dipoles is presented as a summation of several exponential integrals with complex arguments. Mathematical models are developed to show the near-zone field of the sinusoidal dipole. The mutual impedance of coupled dipoles is expressed as the sum of four monopole-mobopole impedances to simplify the analysis procedure. The subroutines for solving the parameters of the dipoles are discussed

Effects of maternal subclinical mammary inflammation on infant growth

Breastfeeding is unquestionably the best nourishment for infants. Current epidemiological as well as experimental evidence has repeatedly demonstrated the nutritional, immunological, and psychosocial benefits attributable to breastfeeding. However, suboptimal breast health may compromise maternal ability to breastfeed and the well-being of breastfeeding infants. Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is an asymptomatic inflammatory condition of the lactating breast that is associated with a number of adverse outcomes including lactation failure, infant growth faltering during the early postpartum period, and increased risk of mother-to-child transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).;Three studies were carried out in Ghana with the overall aim of describing the mechanistic pathway(s) linking SCM and infant growth faltering. The specific objectives of the studies were to determine: (1) the prevalence of SCM among lactating women in Ghana, (2) whether SCM is associated with reduced breast milk intake by the infant, and (3) whether SCM occurring beyond the third month postpartum had an adverse effect on infant growth between the third and sixth month postpartum. Two cross-sectional studies were designed with respect to the first two objectives. Data were collected in a longitudinal study to examine the third objective.;All data from the three studies were collected from infant-mother pairs residing in the Eastern region of Ghana. Maternal data included demographic, health, and anthropometric data as well as breast milk samples that were analyzed to determine maternal SCM status. Maternal SCM was primarily diagnosed as elevated breast milk sodium:potassium ratio (Na/K) above 1.0. California mastitis test (CMT) was also used in the cross-sectional studies to diagnose SCM. Infant breast milk intake was estimated using the test weighing procedure. Infant data included feeding, health, and growth measured as weight, length, head circumference, and mid-upper arm circumference.;In the first cross-sectional study, SCM (Na/K \u3e 1.0) was observed among 45.3% of women at three or four months postpartum. About 30% of the observed SCM occurred in only one breast. In the second cross-sectional study, infants whose mothers had Na/K \u3e 1.0 as well as CMT score ≥ 1 had significantly lower breast milk intake (-88.9 g; 95% CI: -171.1 g, -6.9 g). However, the observed milk intake difference across SCM groups disappeared when infant weight and feeding frequency were controlled in multivariate analyses. The longitudinal study did not find an association between maternal episodes of SCM (Na/K) occurring between the 3rd and 6th month postpartum and infant growth occurring during the same period.;In conclusion, our results indicate that SCM is a common condition among women in the Eastern region of Ghana. However, we did not find a reduction in breast milk intake of infants whose mothers had SCM. There was, also, no association between maternal SCM occurring between the 3rd and 6th postpartum and infant growth during the same period

Most of the genetic covariation between major depressive and alcohol use disorders is explained by trait measures of negative emotionality and behavioral control

Background Mental health disorders commonly co-occur, even between conceptually distinct syndromes, such as internalizing and externalizing disorders. The current study investigated whether phenotypic, genetic, and environmental variance in negative emotionality and behavioral control account for the covariation between major depressive disorder (MDD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). Method A total of 3623 members of a national twin registry were administered structured diagnostic telephone interviews that included assessments of lifetime histories of MDD and AUD, and were mailed self-report personality questionnaires that assessed stress reactivity (SR) and behavioral control (CON). A series of biometric models were fitted to partition the proportion of covariance between MDD and AUD into SR and CON. Results A statistically significant proportion of the correlation between MDD and AUD was due to variance specific to SR (men = 0.31, women = 0.27) and CON (men = 0.20, women = 0.19). Further, genetic factors explained a large proportion of this correlation (0.63), with unique environmental factors explaining the rest. SR explained a significant proportion of the genetic (0.33) and environmental (0.23) overlap between MDD and AUD. In contrast, variance specific to CON accounted for genetic overlap (0.32), but not environmental overlap (0.004). In total, SR and CON accounted for approximately 70% of the genetic and 20% of the environmental covariation between MDD and AUD. Conclusions This is the first study to demonstrate that negative emotionality and behavioral control confer risk for the co-occurrence of MDD and AUD via genetic factors. These findings are consistent with the aims of NIMH's RDoC proposal to elucidate how transdiagnostic risk factors drive psychopathology

Movements of the Pine Vole (Microtus pinetorum) in Repopulating Orchard Habitat

Pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) populations cause significant damage to orchards and truck crops (e.g., Anthony and Fisher 1977, Biser 1967, Eadie 1954, Forbes 1972a). Yet their population structure and movement dynamics have received surprisingly little study (Smolen 1981). The scarcity of data may have been due in part to the former availability of Endrin as a highly effective control agent (e.g., Horsfall 1956b), but the appearance of Endrin-resistant populations (Webb and Horsfall 1967), the restrictions of use of chlorinated hydrocarbons, and the inclusion of pine voles in Integrated Pest Management programs have made the need for basic population data including immigration and emigration more acute. For example, demographic and movement information are universal components ofIPM programs, because management of populations is usually, and appropriately, based on demographic expectations, such as: how rapidly can pine vole populations increase? What densities can they achieve? How quickly do they recolonize depopulated areas? These are fundamental questions that require well-controlled field studies with specific aims. Other studies that bear upon the relationship of demographics and movement provide important background but fail, because of either design or analysis, to directly answer the above questions. See for example: Gentry (1968), VanVleck (1968), Gettle (1975), Gourley (1983), Renzullo (1983), Fitzgerald and Madison (1983)

Metal-Insulator transition in the Generalized Hubbard model

We present the exact ground-state wave function and energy of the generalized Hubbard model, subjected to the condition that the number of double occupied sites is conserved, for a wide, physically relevant range of parameters. For one hole and one double occupied site the existence of the ferromagnetic ground-state is proved which allow one to determine the critical value of the on-site repulsion corresponding to the point of metal-insulator transition. For the one dimensional model the exact solution for special values of the parameters is obtained.Comment: 20 pages, LaTex. Mod.Phys.Lett.B 7 (1993) 1397; Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter (to appear

Sinusoidal reaction formulation for radiation and scattering from conducting surfaces

The piecewise-sinusoidal reaction technique was developed for low-frequency scattering and radiation from perfectly conducting bodies of arbitrary shape. The theory and numerical results for scattering patterns of rectangular plates and radiation patterns of corner-reflector antennas are presented

Five-dimensional non-Lorentzian conformal field theories and their relation to six-dimensions

We study correlation functions in five-dimensional non-Lorentzian theories with an SU(1, 3) conformal symmetry. Examples of such theories have recently been obtained as Ω-deformed Yang-Mills Lagrangians arising from a null reduction of six-dimensional superconformal field theories on a conformally compactified Minkowski space. The correlators exhibit a rich structure with many novel properties compared to conventional correlators in Lorentzian conformal field theories. Moreover, identifying the instanton number with the Fourier mode number of the dimensional reduction offers a hope to formulate six-dimensional conformal field theories in terms of five-dimensional Lagrangian theories. To this end we show that the Fourier decompositions of six-dimensional correlation functions solve the Ward identities of the SU(1, 3) symmetry, although more general solutions are possible. Conversely we illustrate how one can reconstruct six-dimensional correlation functions from those of a five-dimensional theory, and do so explicitly at 2- and 3-points. We also show that, in a suitable decompactification limit Ω → 0, the correlation functions become those of the DLCQ description

Perceptions of Risk of Health Disparities amid Previously Identified Political Corruption and Ageism in Slovakia

This study examines the role of traditional versus new media’s impact on citizens’ perceptions of risk within elder care. We analyzed survey data from 112 Slovak citizens regarding their social network activity and perceptions of corruption, ageism, and health disparities in the Slovak elder care system. Previous research (Lukacovic, Sellnow-Richmond, & Durechova, under contract) identified three prominent sociopolitical issues present in the Slovak medical system among Slovak UGC discourse regarding Slovak healthcare inequity: corruption, threats to dignity, and discrimination. Here, we examined the extent to which social media users perceive the prevalence and subsequent risk of experiencing health disparities within the elder care system differently than traditional media users, as well as the extent to which perceived risks of health disparities and mistreatment are stronger among women participants than men

Improving together : collaboration needs to start with regulators

The regulatory landscape in the UK is changing again. From 1 April 2019 NHS England and NHS Improvement became what is effectively a single organisation with far reaching responsibility for the oversight of the system. The structural features of this change, which will eventually require legislative reform, have been widely debated, not least by those affected by plans for a collaborative approach to improvement in the NHS.12 But there has been less discussion about the style and approach to regulation that might be best suited to drive improvement in the NHS as set out in the long term plan.3 We contend that a major change is required in the way the system interacts with service providers if we are to be successful in developing a new service model for the 21st century