The mobile internet in the wild and every day: Digital leisure in the slums of urban India

The wild and the everyday point at once to twinned aspects of life and, in this article, to a technological imaginary drawing upon the use of the mobile internet in urban slums of India. The article responds to the rathe

Improving the Performance of the Distributed File System through Anticipated Parallel Processing

In the emerging Big Data scenario, distributed File systems (DFSs) are used for storing and accessing information in a scalable manner. Many cloud computing systems use DFS as the main storage component. The Big Data applications de-ployed in cloud computing systems more frequently perform read operations and less frequently the write operations. So, improving the performance of read access has become an im-portant research issue in DFS. In the literature, many client side caching with appropriate pre fetching techniques are proposed for improving the performance read access in the DFS. A speculation-based approach which uses client side caching is also proposed in the literature for improving the performance of read access in the DFS. In this paper, we have proposed a new read algorithm for the DFS based on anticipated parallel processing. We have evaluated the per- formance of the proposed algorithm using mathematical and simulation methods and the results indicate that the pro-posed algorithm performs better than the speculation-based algorithm proposed in the literature

Validation of SSR Markers Linked to the Bean Common Mosaic Virus (BCMV) Resistance in Cowpea (\u3cem\u3eVigna unguiculata\u3c/em\u3e L.) Genotypes

Cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) is one of the important grain and fodder legume crops in the world, especially in tropics and subtropics. Which can adapted different climatic conditions such as high temperature and drought. It is not only important as a grain and fodder but also improve fertility of poor soils by fixing atmospheric nitrogen. An estimated cultivated area of cowpea is 12.5mha in worldwide (FAOSTAT, 2013). The grain and fodder productivity of cowpea are greatly affected by a number of biotic factors such as plant pathogens and insect pests. Among plant pathogens, viruses are considered to be a major constraint (Gioi et al., 2010). More than 40 viruses are reported from cowpea growing areas of the world. Among viruses, Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is very serious problem on cowpea in southern part of India especially cowpea growing areas of Karnataka. The BCMV is a member of potyvirus group and it can infect other legume crop family. Virus is seed borne and easily spread by aphids. Its chemical and cultural control neither economical nor ecofriendly. The host plant resistance has been proved the best strategy for its management. Hence it is necessary to identify stable resistance sources for BCMV disease in cowpea. Therefore large scale screening is needed to identify the durable resistance among diverse genotypes of cowpea. The basic requirements for any crop improvement programme are genetic variation for the trait of interest

Organosolv process for deconstruction of highly recalcitrant cotton stalks

64-71Burning crop residues in a cotton fields adds to environmental pollution and it demands a sustainable solution. As an alternative to burning, cotton biomass can be fractionated into sugars which would not only mitigate the pollution concern but also bring value addition. Here, we propose a process for deconstruction of the highly recalcitrant cotton stalk using a combination of organic and mineral acid fractionation. It includes treatment with formic acid (67 wt. %) at a solid to liquid ratio of 1:4 for 30 min at 130°C. Subsequent treatment with 2% (w/w) nitric acid and de-esterification with 0.5 % (w/v) sodium carbonate resulted in delignification of about 89.01%. The enzymatic hydrolysis using 25 FPU of Cellic Ctec3 at a biomass load of 5% (w/v) gave a glucan yield of 68% in 48 h. This is one of the few studies on deconstruction of a highly recalcitrant biomass with high lignin content

Organosolv process for deconstruction of highly recalcitrant cotton stalks

Burning crop residues in a cotton fields adds to environmental pollution and it demands a sustainable solution. As an alternative to burning, cotton biomass can be fractionated into sugars which would not only mitigate the pollution concern but also bring value addition. Here, we propose a process for deconstruction of the highly recalcitrant cotton stalk using a combination of organic and mineral acid fractionation. It includes treatment with formic acid (67 wt. %) at a solid to liquid ratio of 1:4 for 30 min at 130°C. Subsequent treatment with 2% (w/w) nitric acid and de-esterification with 0.5 % (w/v) sodium carbonate resulted in delignification of about 89.01%. The enzymatic hydrolysis using 25 FPU of Cellic Ctec3 at a biomass load of 5% (w/v) gave a glucan yield of 68% in 48 h. This is one of the few studies on deconstruction of a highly recalcitrant biomass with high lignin content

Biological relationship of Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) infecting cowpea with leguminous plant species

Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) associated with cowpea mechanically inoculated to different legumi-nous plants. Out of nineteen including cowpea Var.C-152, the virus was easily transferred to ten different legumi-nous hosts. All other hosts assessed for the presence of BCMV were found to be uninfected. The number of days taken for symptom expression and symptoms were varied within plant species. Pole bean expressed mosaic symp-tom after long incubation period (15-18 days) whereas, shorter incubation period was observed in common bean and rice bean (7- 10 days). BCMV produced chlorosis, mosaic, leaf distortion, puckering, vein banding, vein clearing and vein netting on cowpea(C-152). A typical virus symptom, mosaic was observed in green gram, common bean, lime bean, rice bean and yard long bean, whereas, leaf rolling and leaf distortion was observed in black gram, pole bean and snap bean. The virus-host relationship was confirmed by back inoculation test to C. amaranticolor. Further symptomatic plants were subjected for Reverse Transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for molecular confirmation using BCMV coat protein (CP) specific primer pair. A PCR fragment size of 439bp was amplified for the symptomatic plants. The results generated indicated the ability of a plant to support virus expression and host speci-ficity of BMCV within the leguminous plant species

The Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes of (Z)-N'((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)nicotinohydrazide Schiff base: synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation

Schiff bases being biological moieties possess diverse biological and pharmaceutical applications. Metal ions play an important role in various functions of the biological system as well as the human body. The importance of Schiff base and their metal complexes have been acknowledged in the field of bioinorganic chemistry. The current investigation hence focuses on the synthesis and characterization of a bidentate indole-based ligand(Z)-N'((1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)nicotinohydrazide (L) derived from indole-3-carboxaldehyde (1), nicotinic acid hydrazide (2) and their metal complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), (4a-d) in 2:1 stichiometric ratio. All the synthesized ligand and complexes were characterized by IR, UV-Visible, H-1 NMR, C-13 NMR, Mass, Powder XRD analysis. Further, the ligand and their metal complexes were screened for antimicrobial, antioxidant and DNA cleavage studies. Among the synthesized complexes, Ni(II) (4c) showed highest antimicrobial activity against tested Gram -ve and Gram +ve bacterial strains and fungal microorganism, better than the ligand (L). The antioxidant activity results showed that the metal complexes (4a-d) were observed to be more active than the parent ligand. Furthermore, the ligand (L) and their respective metal (II) complexes (4a-d) were found to cleave the pBR322 DNA, during gel electrophoresis studies