SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF SIMVASTATIN AND SITAGLIPTIN BY USING DIFFERENT ANALYTICAL METHODS

Simple accurate and precise Spectrophotometric methods have been developed for simultaneous estimation of Simvastatin (SIM) and Sitagliptin (SITA) by employing three methods. Method A was simultaneous equation method; the method involves formation and solving the simultaneous equation using 238 nm and 267 nm as two wavelengths for SIM and SITA respectively. Method B was first order derivative spectrophotometry. The first order derivative absorption at 230 nm (zero crossing point of SITA) was used for SIM and 275nm (zero crossing point of SIM) was used for SITA. Method C involved Q-absorption analysis based on the measurement of absorbance at two wave lengths that is the λmax of SITA 267 nm and isoabsorptive point of both drugs at 250 nm. The three methods obeyed the Beer law in the concentration range of 3-1

Formulation and evaluation of lansoprazole loaded enteric coated microspheres

The research focuses on the development of multiparticulate delivery system for acid-labile Lansoprazole to prevent its degradation in the acidic environment of the stomach and enhance its bioavailability via intestinal absorption. This problem can be solved by enteric coating. In this project, cellulose acetate phthalate a polymer usually utilized for gastrointestinal film coating of tablets, was used to prepare enteric microspheres of lansoprazole with solvent evaporation technique in various formulations such as F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 with drug: polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5 respectively. FTIR study indicated compatibility between drug and polymer. Increase in concentration of polymer increased spheriocity and mean diameter of the microspheres. The drug entrapment efficiency was in the range of 72.23% to 88.64%. SEM revealed that microspheres were found spherical and porous. In-vitro study proves that drug release slowly increases as the pH of the medium increased and prevents degradation of drug in acidic pH. In-vitro drug release was found to be 92.80%, 94.55%, 92.72%, 96.34%, 98.65% in all 5 formulations. All 5 formulations showed gastric resistance around 80-90%. So it is concluded that the developed enteric coated microspheres of Lansoprazole prevented drug release in the stomach which would lead to significant improvement in its bioavailability through enhanced intestinal absorption

Quantitative analysis of Amoxicillin and Dicloxacillin in Combined Dosage Form by First Derivative and Simultaneous Equation Method in Application to the determination of Content Uniformity

Two simple, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Amoxicillin and Dicloxacillin. Method A was quantitative determination of Amoxicillin and Dicloxacillin by First Order Derivative zero crossing method. The first order derivative absorption at 231.02 nm (zero cross point of Dicloxacillin) was used for Amoxicillin and 246.26nm (zero cross point of Amoxicillin) for Dicloxacillin. Both the drugs obeyed the limit 15-35g/ml (correlation coefficient r 2 1). No interference was found between the both determined constituents and those of matrix. Method B was developed for estimation of content uniformity of Amoxicillin and Dicloxaciliin in its combined tablet dosage form. The method involves solving the simultaneous equation using 245nm and 227nm as two wavelengths for Amoxicillin and Dicloxacillin respectively. From the results, it was concluded that all brands are within the limits of content uniformity (85-115%). 0.1 N sodium hydroxide was used as a solvent for both methods. Developed method was employed to determine the Amoxicillin and Dicloxacillin content in ten individual capsule units of four marketed formulations. Both the methods were validated statistically and recovery studies were carried out to confirm the accuracy of the methods

Effect of Aviation Turbine Fuel Exposure on Interlaminar and Inplane Shear Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite

This study investigated the effect of aviation turbine fuel exposure on interlaminar and in-plane shear properties of E-glass/epoxy composite. The two types of test specimens, namely bare and resin-coated specimens with varying thicknesses as per the ASTM standard, were made out of E-glass/epoxy composite to evaluate their interlaminar and in-plane shear properties. These all types of specimens were immersed inside the aviation turbine fuel for two months and then afterward their effect on the reduction of mechanical properties like interlaminar and in-plane shear tests properties were experimentally investigated. Test results show that ATF fuel exposure has reduced the interlaminar shear strength by 10.04 %, 7.83 %, and 6.01 % for bare, with 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm resin coating, respectively. Similarly, in-plane shear strength was reduced by 14.75 %, 11.22 %, and 7.52 % for bare, with 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm resin coating, respectively, and in-plane shear modulus was reduced by 10.87 %, 8.94 %, and 6.52 % for bare, with 0.1 mm and 0.2 mm resin coating conditions as compared to as-received (without ATF exposure) specimens.SEM micrographs and results too showed that properties were reduced and indicated that the glass/epoxycomposite was resistive to fuel ingression. It was observed that bare specimens exhibited a reduction in shearproperties due to ATF ingression to the polymeric network and induced internal stresses, which not only degraded the matrix and fiber-matrix adherence but created micro-cracks too in the resin at interfaces. Resin-coated specimens limit fuel ingression, which has led to a reduction in properties

New Colorimetric Method Development And Validation Of Sulfacetamide In Bulk And Formulation By Different Analytical Reagents

Four simple, sensitive and reproducible spectrophotometric methods (Method A, Method B, Method C and Method D) were developed for the determination of sulfacetamide (SA) and its pharmaceutical formulation. Method A was developed based on diaziatation of the SA by sodium nitrite in acidic medium followed by coupling with B.M reagent having absorption maximum at 530 nm. Method B was developed based on reaction of NQS with primary amine in SA in presence of alkaline medium having maximum absorption at 466nm. Method C was based on reaction of primary amine with MBTH in presence of FeCl3 having maximum absorption at 562nm. Method D was developed based on reduction of phosphomolybdotungstic acid in presence of alkali medium having an absorption maximum at 760 nm. Beers law was obeyed in the range of 1 to 3 g/ml for Method A, 5 to 30 g/ml for Method B, 10 to 50 g/ml for Method C, and 100 to 300 g/ml for Method D. These methods were successfully validated and estimated in bulk and pharmaceutical formulations

DESIGN AND IN VIVO EVALUATION OF METOPROLOL TARTRATE BILAYER FLOATING TABLETS IN HEALTHY HUMAN VOLUNTEERS

The aim of the present investigation was to prepare bilayer floating tablets of metoprolol tartrate using the combination of superdisintigrants, HPMC K grade polymers and natural polymers like xanthan gum and guar gum by direct compression method. Bilayer floating tablets were prepared using optimized immediate release layer and floating layer as sustained release layer. The physico-chemical characteristics of the prepared tablets were evaluated and found to be satisfactory. All the prepared batches showed in vitro buoyancy. It was observed that the tablets remained buoyant for more than 12 h.  Formulation F7 was selected as best formulation based on the in vitro characteristics and used in vivo radiographic studies by adding barium sulphate. These studies revealed that the tablets remained in the stomach for 210±5.4 min (n=3) in fasting human volunteers. Based on the in vivo performance in healthy subjects, the developed bilayer floating tablets showed superior bioavailability than the marketed tablets, the drug release was up to 12 h in controlled manner. The systemic availability of the best formulation was high after administration to obtain immediate action due to the immediate release layer, from sustained release layer the drug was released in controlled manner. It can be concluded that the best formulation F7 by choosing biphasic drug release pattern in a single dosage form could improve patient compliance and ensure better disease management

FORMULATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF MICROSPHERES FOR THE TREATMENT OF FAMILIAL ADENOMATOUS POLYPOSIS

Objective: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) also known as familial polyposis coli, is a hereditary disease characterized by progressive appearance of numerous polyps mainly in the large intestine. Polyps are initially benign but can easily become cancerous and as such it is a life threatening condition. Celecoxib, a cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor is thought to induce cell death, and thus prevent or delay the growth of polyps. So in the present study celecoxib loaded microspheres were prepared using control release Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K4M) and pH dependent polymer eudragit L 100-55 in different ratios (1:1 to 1:4) respectively. The main objective of the study is to identify the polymer concentration required to prevent the drug release in stomach region and promotes in intestinal region.Methods: Emulsification solvent evaporation method was selected for the preparation and all the optimized formulations were evaluated for drug-polymer interactions, percentage yield, micrometric properties, entrapment efficiency, particle size analysis, differential scanning calorimetry and in vitro dissolution study.Results: Drug and polymer interactions were evaluated by using FTIR and DSC. The FTIR spectrum and DSC thermograms stated that drug and polymer are compatible to each other. The micrometric properties of drug loaded microspheres were carried out and they were found to be as the angle of repose (18.26 °-40.69 °), bulk density (0.2846-0.3875), tapped density (0.4111-0.5428), Carr's index (9.66-14.77), Hausner's ratio (1.112-1.2642) which were within the limits. In vitro dissolution, drug release was found to be from 4.5 to 6.5 h for the prepared four formulations (F1–F4). From the kinetic data modeling the order of drug release was found to be zero order and korsmeyer-peppas with n value above 0.5 for all the formulations indicating non-fickian diffusion.Conclusion: All the result demonstrated that celecoxib microspheres can be effectively used in the treatment of familial adenomatous polyposi