Absolute photoionization cross sections of atomic oxygen

The absolute values of photoionization cross sections of atomic oxygen were measured from the ionization threshold to 120 A. An auto-ionizing resonance belonging to the 2S2P4(4P)3P(3Do, 3So) transition was observed at 479.43 A and another line at 389.97 A. The experimental data is in excellent agreement with rigorous close-coupling calculations that include electron correlations in both the initial and final states

Total and dissociative photoionization cross sections of N2 from threshold to 107 eV

The absolute cross sections for the production of N(+) and N2(+) were measured from the dissociative ionization threshold of 115 A. In addition, the absolute photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections were tabulated between 114 and 796 A. The ionization efficiencies were also given at several discrete wave lengths between 660 and 790 A. The production of N(+) fragment ions are discussed in terms of the doubly excited N2(+) states with binding energies in the range of 24 to 44 eV

Blocking of inter-subspace tunneling by intra sub-space inelastic scattering

In recent years the notion of intrinsic decoherence and dephasing of a particle interacting with its environment is being investigated intensively. This has an important bearing on a plausible causal connection between incoherent c-axis resistivity and high-temperature superconductivity. In our work we study the tunnel supression and incoherent motion of a particle tunneling between two sites. The bosonic excitations of the environment are coupled to only one site inducing on-site spin flips. We show that this on-site spin flip scattering makes the tunnel motion incoherent. In the high-temperature limit incoherent rate or hopping rate has been calculated. We also briefly discuss the renormalization of the effective tunneling by environmental coupling at zero temperature following Wegner's renormalization group procedure

Blocking of inter-subspace tunneling by intra-subspace inelastic scattering

In recent years the notion of intrinsic decoherence and dephasing of a particle interacting with its environment is being investigated intensively. This has an important bearing on a plausible causal connection between incoherent c-axis resistivity and high-temperature superconductivity. In our work we study the tunnel supression and incoherent motion of a particle tunneling between two sites. The bosonic excitations of the environment are coupled to only one site inducing on-site spin flips. We show that this on-site spin flip scattering makes the tunnel motion incoherent. In the high-temperature limit incoherent rate or hopping rate has been calculated. We also briefly discuss the renormalization of the effective tunneling by environmental coupling at zero temperature following Wegner's renormalization group procedure

EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF ASHTAVARGASIDDHA BASTI AND UPANAHA SWEDA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF SANDHIGATAVATA

Sandhigatavata is the most common form of joint disorder amongst the elderly and obese persons. It is a major cause of morbidity and chronic disability as well as burden on healthcare resources especially for the elderly. This disease keeps an insidious attack, which runs for many years causing the loss of function as well as deformity of the joints, especially weight bearing joints like knee joint. The study was done in two groups, Group A and Group B each group having 15 patients. Patients of Group A received the treatment modalities Ashtavargasiddha Niruhabasti for 8 days. Where, Patients of Group B received Ashtavargasiddha Niruhabasti for 8 days followed by Upanaha Sweda for next 8 days. Subjective parameters were Sandhi Ruk (Pain), Sandhi Graha (Stiffness), Sparshaakshamatva (Tenderness), Sandhi Shotha (Swelling), Sandhi Atopa (Crepitation) and objective parameters were WOMAC, Range of movements, Walking time. According to the statistical analysis Parameters Sandhi Ruk, Walking time better responded in group A compared to group B, Whereas Parameters Sandhi Graha, Sparshaakshamatva (Tenderness), Sandhi Shotha (Swelling), Sandhi Atopa (Crepitation) and objective parameters as WOMAC, Range of movements responded equally in both groups, But more in Group B by comparing their t-values

A case study: Application of energy and exergy analysis for enhancing the process efficiency of a three stage propane pre-cooling cycle of the cascade LNG process

The propane pre-cooling cycle has been widely used in most LNG plants as the first cooling cycle in the natural gas liquefaction process. As LNG plants consume high amounts of energy, enhancements in the process design and plant operation will minimize the overall energy consumption of the plant. The aim of this study is to enhance the process efficiency of a three stage propane pre-cooling cycle of the Cascade LNG process for the large-scale LNG train by determining the optimal operating conditions of the propane evaporator that will minimize the overall energy consumption. Energy and exergy analysis methods are adopted to evaluate the process efficiency of the propane pre-cooling cycle. Six case studies were presented to determine the optimal operating conditions of the propane evaporator that gives maximum energy reduction. The propane pre-cooling cycle is modelled and simulated using Aspen HYSYS with detailed thermodynamic information obtained to calculate the exergy loss. The results of the energy and exergy analysis indicate that Case 6 gives the highest coefficient of performance (COP) and the maximum exergy efficiency compared to the baseline case, which are 15.51% and 18.76% respectively. The results indicate that by reducing the cooling duty at the intermediate stages of propane evaporator about 13.5% energy saving can be achieved compared to the baseline case

An overview of municipal solid waste management in Jaipur city, India - Current status, challenges and recommendations

In developing countries, urbanization and rapid population growth has resulted in a substantial increase in generation of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW). Safe collection, transportation and treatment of MSW are among the major issues for Indian cities. Poor MSW management practices have negative impact on public health, environment and climate change. India currently only treats 21% of MSW while the remainder disposed in unsanitary landfill sites with no recycling and treatment technologies. This paper reviews the existing MSW management practices, challenges and provides recommendations for improving MSW management for the city of Jaipur in Rajasthan, India. Despite being the state capital as well as the top tourist destination in northern part of India, there is no detailed study which reviews the waste management strategies of this city along with identifying the key challenges. The study reveals that the major challenges for MSW management in Jaipur include uncontrolled landfilling, inadequate public participation as well as failings of implementation of MSW legislation and waste conversion. Recommendations for improvement include public awareness campaigns, public-private partnership, investment in lined landfills, recycling and waste to energy techniques. Optimization models and life cycle assessment tools should be employed to minimize cost and the environmental impact of MSW management. This study will provide policy makers and private sector stakeholders to develop strategies for future planning, investment and execution of improved MSW management in Indian cities

Treating latent TB in primary care: a survey of enablers and barriers among UK General Practitioners.

BACKGROUND: Treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is an important public health intervention. In the UK, LTBI treatment is delivered in secondary care. Treating LTBI in the community would move care closer to home and could increase uptake and treatment completion rates. However, healthcare providers' views about the feasibility of this in the UK are unknown. This is the first study to investigate perceived barriers and enablers to primary care-based LTBI treatment among UK general practitioners (GPs). METHODS: A national survey amongst 140 randomly sampled UK GPs practising in areas of high TB incidence was performed. GPs' experience and perceived confidence, barriers and enablers of primary care-based LTBI treatment were explored and multivariable logistic regression was used to determine whether these were associated with a GP's willingness to deliver LTBI treatment. RESULTS: One hundred and twelve (80 %) GPs responded. Ninety-three (83 %; 95 % CI 75 %-89 %) GPs said they would be willing to deliver LTBI treatment in primary care, if key perceived barriers were addressed during service development. The major perceived barriers to delivering primary care-based LTBI treatment were insufficient experience among GPs of screening and treating LTBI, lack of timely specialist support and lack of allied healthcare staff. In addition, GPs felt that appropriate resourcing was key to the successful and sustainable delivery of the service. GPs who reported previous experience of screening or treatment of patients with active or latent TB were almost ten times more likely to be willing to deliver LTBI treatment in primary care compared to GPs with no experience (OR: 9.98; 95 % CI 1.22-81.51). CONCLUSIONS: UK GPs support primary care-based LTBI treatment, provided they are given appropriate training, specialist support, staffing and financing