ANALISIS PENDAPATAN USAHATANI JAGUNG DI DESA FOREKMODOK KECAMATAN WELIMAN KABUPATEN MALAKA

This research aims to know farm income, and to find out factors which influence the production of maize farm. Direct interview using quetioanaire was applied to collect primary data. Collected data were tabulated and analyzed using multiple regression anlysis to decribe production function. The result of study showed  that the average of farm income was Rp 17.036.255 with average revenue as big as Rp 20.428.571 and average cost per hectare was Rp 3.407.101. Factors which influence the production were the land size (X1), manpower (X2), capital (X3). From regression result with Multiple Linear Regression, the coefficient value of determination R Square as big as 0,615 with the meaning that the ability of independent variable in explain dependent variable as big as 61,5% and the rest 38,5% explaned by variables were not involved in this study. From result of F test (simultaneous test) obtained that factors of  X1, X2, and X3   had significant impact toward maize production. While from the result of t-test (partial test) obtained that factors which significant influential toward maize production namely the land size  (X1) and capital (X3), while manpower (X2), was not significant influential toward maize production.     ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui besarnya pendapatan, dan mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi usahatani jagung. Pengumpulan data dengan wawancara menggunakan kuisioner. Ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan model fungsi produksi Regresi Linear Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besarnya rata-rata pendapatan usahatani jagung di lokasi penelitian sebesar Rp 17.036.255 dengan rata-rata penerimaan sebesar Rp 20.428.571 dan rata-rata biaya perhektar Rp 3.407.101. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi adalah luas lahan (X1), tenaga kerja (X2), Modal (X3). Dari hasil regresi dengan fungsi Regresi Linear Berganda nilai koefisien determinasi R Sguare sebesar 0,615 dengan artian bahwa kemampuan variabel bebas untuk menjelaskan variabel terikat sebesar 61,5% dan sisanya 38,5% dijelaskan oleh variabel-variabel yang tidak dimasukan dalam penelitian ini. Dari hasil uji F (uji simultan) diperoleh bahwa faktor X1, X2, dan X3 berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi jagung pada ⍺ 0,5% maka H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima. Sedangkan dari hasil uji t (uji parsial) diperoleh bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap  produksi jagung yaitu luas lahan (X1) dan modal (X3), sedangkan tenaga kerja (X2), tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi jagung

Urban agriculture: a global analysis of the space constraint to meet urban vegetable demand

Urban agriculture (UA) has been drawing a lot of attention recently for several reasons: the majority of the world population has shifted from living in rural to urban areas; the environmental impact of agriculture is a matter of rising concern; and food insecurity, especially the accessibility of food, remains a major challenge. UA has often been proposed as a solution to some of these issues, for example by producing food in places where population density is highest, reducing transportation costs, connecting people directly to food systems and using urban areas efficiently. However, to date no study has examined how much food could actually be produced in urban areas at the global scale. Here we use a simple approach, based on different global-scale datasets, to assess to what extent UA is constrained by the existing amount of urban space. Our results suggest that UA would require roughly one third of the total global urban area to meet the global vegetable consumption of urban dwellers. This estimate does not consider how much urban area may actually be suitable and available for UA, which likely varies substantially around the world and according to the type of UA performed. Further, this global average value masks variations of more than two orders of magnitude among individual countries. The variations in the space required across countries derive mostly from variations in urban population density, and much less from variations in yields or per capita consumption. Overall, the space required is regrettably the highest where UA is most needed, i.e., in more food insecure countries. We also show that smaller urban clusters (i.e., <100 km2 each) together represent about two thirds of the global urban extent; thus UA discourse and policies should not focus on large cities exclusively, but should also target smaller urban areas that offer the greatest potential in terms of physical space

Tingkat Adopsi Petani Terhadap Teknologi Budidaya Padi Sawah Di Kelompok Tani Harapan Makmurkelurahan Tuatuka Kecamatan Kupang Timur, Kabupaten Kupang

The aims of this research to know : (1) adoption level of rice cultivation technology at Harapan Makmur Farmer Group. (2) what factors which influence adoption level of rice cultiation technology at Harapan Makmur Farmer Group. Research method which using was survey method. Location sample determinated as purposive samplingnamely on Tuatuka Village East Kupang Subdistrict Kupang District. Sample deterimination done as sencus (Full Sampling)namelyall of Harapan Makmur Farmer Group. That farmer group was the oldest farmer group. Data analysis which used were average and percentage with using Likert Scale approachand Multiple Linear analysis. Research result show that average score of adoption level towards rice field cultivation technology as big as 65, with maximum score percentage as big as 90,28 % was on revolve of 77.77- 100%, that mean farmer adoption level towards rice cultivation technology classified on high category. Factors which significant influence on researc location was knowledge factor only, while factors which not significant influence namely work motivation,farmer attitude, education level, farmer experience and worker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui : (1) tingkat adopsi teknologi budidaya padi sawah di Kelompok Tani Harapan Makmur. (2) faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi tingkat adopsi teknologi budidaya padi sawah di Kelompok Tani Harapan Makmur. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Sampel Lokasi ditentukan secara purposive sampling yaitu pada Kelurahan Tuatuka Kecamatan Kupang Timur Kabupaten Kupang. Penentuan sampel dilakukan secara sensus (Sampling jenuh) yaitu seluruh anggota Kelompok Tani Harapan Makmur. Kelompok tani tersebut merupakan kelompok tani tertua. Analisis data yang digunakan analisis rata-rata dan persentase dengan menggunakan pendekatan Skala Likert serta analisis Linear Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor rata-rata tingkat adopsi terhadap teknologi budidaya padi sawah adalah sebesar 65, dengan persentase skor maksimum sebesar 90,28% dimana berada pada kisaran 77,77-100%, maka berarti tingkat adopsi petani terhadap teknologi budidaya padi sawah tergolong dalam kategori tinggi. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan dilokasi penelitian hanyalah faktor pengetahuan, sedangkan faktor-faktor yang tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan yakni motivasi kerja, sikap petani, tingkat pendidikan, pengalaman petani dan tenaga kerja

Impact of culture towards disaster risk reduction

Number of natural disasters has risen sharply worldwide making the risk of disasters a global concern. These disasters have created significant losses and damages to humans, economy and society. Despite the losses and damages created by disasters, some individuals and communities do not attached much significance to natural disasters. Risk perception towards a disaster not only depends on the danger it could create but also the behaviour of the communities and individuals that is governed by their culture. Within this context, this study examines the relationship between culture and disaster risk reduction (DRR). A comprehensive literature review is used for the study to evaluate culture, its components and to analyse a series of case studies related to disaster risk. It was evident from the study that in some situations, culture has become a factor for the survival of the communities from disasters where as in some situations culture has acted as a barrier for effective DRR activities. The study suggests community based DRR activities as a mechanism to integrate with culture to effectively manage disaster risk

Designing Chatbots for Crises: A Case Study Contrasting Potential and Reality

Chatbots are becoming ubiquitous technologies, and their popularity and adoption are rapidly spreading. The potential of chatbots in engaging people with digital services is fully recognised. However, the reputation of this technology with regards to usefulness and real impact remains rather questionable. Studies that evaluate how people perceive and utilise chatbots are generally lacking. During the last Kenyan elections, we deployed a chatbot on Facebook Messenger to help people submit reports of violence and misconduct experienced in the polling stations. Even though the chatbot was visited by more than 3,000 times, there was a clear mismatch between the users’ perception of the technology and its design. In this paper, we analyse the user interactions and content generated through this application and discuss the challenges and directions for designing more effective chatbots

A Synthesis of Global Urbanization Projections

This chapter reviews recent literature on global projections of future urbanization, covering the population, economic and physical extent perspectives. We report on several recent findings based on studies and reports on global patterns of urbanization. Specifically, we review new literature that makes projections about the spatial pattern, rate, and magnitude of urbanization change in the next 30–50 years. While projections should be viewed and utilized with caution, the chapter synthesis reports on several major findings that will have significant socioeconomic and environmental impacts including the following: By 2030, world urban population is expected to increase from the current 3.4 billion to almost 5 billion; Urban areas dominate the global economy – urban economies currently generate more than 90 % of global Gross Value Added; From 2000 to 2030, the percent increase in global urban land cover will be over 200 % whereas the global urban population will only grow by a little over 70 %. Our synthesis of recent projections suggest that between 50%–60% of the total urban land in existence in 2030 will be built in the first three decades of the 21st century. Challenges and limitations of urban dynamic projections are discussed, as well as possible innovative applications and potential pathways towards sustainable urban futures

Informal rental housing in Colombia: an essential option for low-income households

Around the world, rental housing is frequently seen as secondary to home ownership; yet it plays a crucial role in many countries. In particular, rental housing in urban informal neighbourhoods has a critical but consistently overlooked role in housing the most vulnerable households in the Global South. If better policy and practice are to be pursued, there is a need for improved data on rental housing in urban informal settlements, and in particular, better understanding of ‘the lived experiences of the poor’. This paper responds to these empirical gaps in debates on informality and rental housing with qualitative research on residents’ experiences of informal rented housing in two Colombian cities, Bogotá and Cali. The paper frames informal rental housing as an essential option for diverse low-income households for whom ownership is not accessible or attractive. In this way, it also contributes to policy and theoretical debates calling for a better understanding of the dynamics, possibilities and potential of informal housing

From papers to practices: district level priority setting processes and criteria for family planning, maternal, newborn and child health interventions in Tanzania

Contains fulltext : 97928.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access)ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Successful priority setting is increasingly known to be an important aspect in achieving better family planning, maternal, newborn and child health (FMNCH) outcomes in developing countries. However, far too little attention has been paid to capturing and analysing the priority setting processes and criteria for FMNCH at district level. This paper seeks to capture and analyse the priority setting processes and criteria for FMNCH at district level in Tanzania. Specifically, we assess the FMNCH actor's engagement and understanding, the criteria used in decision making and the way criteria are identified, the information or evidence and tools used to prioritize FMNCH interventions at district level in Tanzania. METHODS: We conducted an exploratory study mixing both qualitative and quantitative methods to capture and analyse the priority setting for FMNCH at district level, and identify the criteria for priority setting. We purposively sampled the participants to be included in the study. We collected the data using the nominal group technique (NGT), in-depth interviews (IDIs) with key informants and documentary review. We analysed the collected data using both content analysis for qualitative data and correlation analysis for quantitative data. RESULTS: We found a number of shortfalls in the district's priority setting processes and criteria which may lead to inefficient and unfair priority setting decisions in FMNCH. In addition, participants identified the priority setting criteria and established the perceived relative importance of the identified criteria. However, we noted differences exist in judging the relative importance attached to the criteria by different stakeholders in the districts. CONCLUSIONS: In Tanzania, FMNCH contents in both general development policies and sector policies are well articulated. However, the current priority setting process for FMNCH at district levels are wanting in several aspects rendering the priority setting process for FMNCH inefficient and unfair (or unsuccessful). To improve district level priority setting process for the FMNCH interventions, we recommend a fundamental revision of the current FMNCH interventions priority setting process. The improvement strategy should utilize rigorous research methods combining both normative and empirical methods to further analyze and correct past problems at the same time use the good practices to improve the current priority setting process for FMNCH interventions. The suggested improvements might give room for efficient and fair (or successful) priority setting process for FMNCH interventions

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION FOR DEVELOPMENT IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA: ASSESSMENT AND PROSPECTS

Summary Eastern and Southern Africa has a long history of efforts to achieve operational economic integration and a complex set of overlapping institutional frames. The gains from successful cooperation are agreed ? the basic issues turn on how to attain them. In this context the experiences of the two key actors, PTA (Preferential Trade Area) and SADC (Southern African Development Community), offer insights into the strengths and weaknesses of a broad, secretariat?led trade barrier reducing organization and a narrower (geographically), key sector production coordination, country?led one (SADC). The divergences ? as well as history ? have hampered attempts to coordinate or to merge them and their responses to the opportunities and challenges posed by the re?entry of South Africa into Africa. The latter raises rather more complex issues (and ones less threatening ? or promising in some respects ? to its Eastern and Southern African region potential partners) than is sometimes supposed. Resumé efforts pour d'obtenir l'intégration économique et de rendre celle?ci opérationnelle dans le contexte d'une série complexe de cadres institutionnels parfois superposés. Les gains résultant des réussites dans la coopération ne sont pas contestés: les questions fondamentales tournent autour des moyens d'y parvenir. Dans ce contexte l'expérience de deux acteurs principaux (la PTA – Preferential Trade Area ou Zone commerciale privilégiée et la SADC – Southern African Development Community ou Communauté de développement de l'Afrique australe) offrent des aperçus quant aux avantages et désavantages de l'existence d'une organisation de grande envergure et fondée sur secrétariat, consacrée à la réduction des barrières douannières, et d'une autre organisation, cette fois limitée en termes de sa superficie géographique et menée par des pays, qui cherche à coordiner la production dans les secteurs clef: la SADC. Leurs divergences, et l'histoire même, ont servi d'entrave aux efforts de les coordiner ou de les faire fusionner, surtout en ce qui concerne les nouvelles possibilités et le challenge même de la réintégration de l'Afrique du Sud dans la grande Afrique. Cette réintégration soulève des questions un peu plus complexes (et moins menaçantes) et aussi, moins promettrices sous certains jours pour ses éventuels partenaires dans les régions orientales et australes de l'Afrique) qu'on ne le supposerait parfois. Resumen El Africa oriental y el Africa austral tienen un largo historial de esfuerzos para alcanzar la integración económica operacional y un complejo grupo de estructuras institucionales superpuestas. Los beneficios de una cooperación exitosa no están en discusión ? el punto básico es cómo obtenerlos. En este contexto las experiencias de dos actores clave, (la PTA?Preferential Trade Area o Zona de Comercio Privilegiado, y la SADC ? Southern Africa Development Community o Comunidad para el Desarrollo de Africa Austral), ofrecen interesantes revelaciones sobre los puntos fuertes y débiles de una amplia y burocrática barrera comercial que reduce la organización, y la coordinación de la producción en sectores clave de un área geográfica más reducida, de orientación nacional. Las divergenias ? así como la historia ? han estorbado intentos de combinar o coordinar estos dos aspectos y sus respuestas a las oportunidades o desafíos que presenta el reingreso de Sudafrica al Africa. Esto último plantea más asuntos complejos de los que a veces se suponen (y menos amenazantes ? más prometedores en alugunos aspectos) para sus socios comerciales en potencia en Africa oriental y Africa del sur