Pengembangan Buku Ajar Berbasis Representasi Kimia Pada Materi Larutan Penyangga

This research aimed at developing a buffer solution textbook based chemical representation; describe the characteristics of a buffer solution textbook based chemical representation; describe the teachers’ feedback and students’ response to a buffer solution textbook based chemical representation; and knowing the obstacles encountered when developing a buffer solution textbook based chemical representation. The research method used is the Research and Development. From the results of limited test data showed that compliance with the chemical content of the textbook curriculum is very high at 82,5%, the aspect graph/the attractiveness is very high at 95% and levels of legibility is very high at 89,55%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku ajar larutan penyangga berbasis representasi kimia; mendeskripsikan karakteristik buku ajar larutan penyangga berbasis representasi kimia; mendeskripsikan tanggapan guru dan siswa terhadap buku ajar larutan penyangga berbasis representasi kimia; dan mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi ketika mengembangkan buku ajar larutan penyangga berbasis representasi kimia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode Penelitian dan Pengembangan. Dari hasil uji coba terbatas diperoleh data bahwa pada aspek kesesuaian isi buku ajar kimia dengan kurikulum sangat tinggi sebesar 82,5%, aspek grafika/kemenarikan sangat tinggi sebesar 95% dan tingkat keterbacaan sangat tinggi sebesar 89,55%

Protective effect of Nigella sativa against paracetamol induced hepatic and renal damages

Background: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are very commonly used as an analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet agent. They have significant adverse effect on liver and kidney besides damaging stomach. Their effect on liver and kidney are of serious concern. Hence, we have decided to study the preventive effect of Nigella sativa against paracetamol induced hepatic and renal damages.Methods: Ethanolic and aqueous extracts of N. sativa were prepared with the help of Soxhlet’s apparatus. Totally, 36 wistar albino rats (150-200 g) of either sex were divided into six groups of six each. Group I was administered with distilled water, Group II-VI were treated with paracetamol 750 mg/kg i.p. Group III-VI were test groups also treated with N. sativa aqueous extract (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o) and ethanolic extract (200 and 400 mg/kg p.o), respectively. The treatment was given daily for 7 days and on 8th all the rats were sacrificed and the blood was analyzed for hepatic and renal function tests and tissue was preserved for histopathological examination.Results: Paracetamol administration caused a marked hepatic and renal damage, which is evidenced by the increase in liver and renal function test parameters in the negative control group. N.sativa extracts prevented this damage. The protective was seen maximum in ethanolic extract followed by the aqueous extract in dose-dependent manner.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract showed significant protection against paracetamol-induced and renal damage

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF HPLC METHOD FOR QUANTITATIVE ESTIMATION OF NIMBOLIDE IN BULK AND PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM

Objective: The present study was aimed to a simple, new, rapid and highly sensitive Reverse Phase - High Performance Liquid Chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and an assay was validated for the quantitative estimation of nimbolide in solid dosage form.Methods: The chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent 1200 series HPLC system C18 (250 mm x 4.6 mm x 2.5 μ) column packing by using isocratic mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile: water (90:10 v/v), flow rate was adjusted to 1.0 ml/min at a fixed wave length of 207 nm.Results: The nimbolide was eluted at 2.880 ± 0.05 min and established a dynamic range of linearity over the concentration range of 3.125-200 ppm/ml (r2 = 0.9997 ± 0.005). The lower limit of detection and quantification was 0.007 ppm/ml and 0.021 ppm/ml respectively. The method was validated as per ICH guidelines. The accuracy of the method was determined by the recovery studies and the mean recovery was obtained 98.27%. Moreover the method was shown good reproducibility and recovery with percent relative standard deviation less than 2%.Conclusion: Rapid, efficient and sensitive RP-HPLC method was developed for the estimation of nimbolide from the perspective of reducing the cost of analysis and time and thus by saving laboratory resources.Â

The impact of psychosis on social inclusion and factors associated

Background: People with mental health problems are known to be socially excluded but the contribution of pre-morbid characteristics, symptoms and needs, and the impact on quality of life is unknown. Aims: To investigate change in social inclusion after the development of a psychotic Illness and factors associated with this. Methods: A cross-sectional community survey of people with psychosis was carried out in three areas of London. Five domains of social inclusion (social integration, consumption, access to services, productivity, political engagement) were assessed prior to the onset of illness and currently using the Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience. Quality of life, symptoms and needs were also assessed using standardized measures. Factors associated with change in social inclusion were investigated using multiple regression. Results: Productivity and social integration among the 67 participants reduced after the onset of psychosis. Older age at onset and longer duration of illness were associated with greater reduction in productivity. Less reduction in social integration was associated with greater quality of life. Participants reported barriers to social inclusion that were directly related to symptoms of their illness, low confidence and poor self-esteem. Conclusions: A greater focus on interventions that can facilitate the occupation and the social networks of people with psychosis is required. Interventions that tackle ‘self-stigma’ may also prove useful in mitigating the social exclusion experienced by people with psychosis

Integrating cleaning studies with industrial practice: case study of an effective cleaning program for a frozen meat patties SME factory

Cleaning of process equipment is a necessity in the food industry. There is no standard cleaning program formulated for all food industries. Thus, in order to achieve economic objectives and to comply with food hygiene regulations, specific cleaning problems need to be solved to achieve an optimal solution. In this work, a cleaning program was proposed for a local frozen meat patties Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) factory, X. Several cleaning tools such as a portable cleaning unit and industrial cleaning brushes with different functionality were used to ensure the effectiveness of the cleaning program. The portable cleaning unit was used to evaluate the impact of water jet with different nozzle distances (10 cm and 20 cm), cleaning times (30 s and 120 s), and temperatures (35 °C and 65 °C) in reducing different foodborne pathogens (Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella enteritidis). Two places of food processing equipment with two different stainless steel surfaces were tested. First, a former of meat patties (mesh wire surface), and second, a mixer (smooth surface). The results were then compared with factory X's current cleaning program and have shown that this new cleaning program can achieve physical clean level and helped to reduce microorganism to non-detectable level (less than 2.0 CFU/cm2). For the evening cleaning, the suggested cleaning program is using the portable cleaning unit at 65 °C, 120 s, 10 cm nozzle distance, and 5.2 bar. For the morning cleaning before production, the same parameters are suggested except for the temperature which is slightly higher at 75 °C

Islamisasi Sains dan Sekularisasi Pendidikan di Indonesia

Sains masa lalu adalah pilar bagi tumbuh-kembangnya sains saat ini dan di masa mendatang yang memberikan andil pada terbentuknya sebuah peradaban manusia. Ilmu pengetahuan pada dasarnya tidaklah berkembang pada arah yang tak terkendali, tapi ia harus bergerak pada arah maknawi dan umat manusia berkuasa untuk mengendalikannya, salah satu alternatif yang ditawarkan oleh ilmuwan muslim adalah mengintegrasikan antara sains, filsafat bahkan agama yang lebih populer dengan istilah islamisasi sains sebagai suatu respon terhadap krisis masyarakat modern yang disebabkan oleh pendidikan Barat yang bertumpu pada suatu pandangan dunia yang bersifat materialistis dan sekularistik, Dunia pendidikan di Indonesia dalam arus peradaban manusia modern tidak akan pernah sunyi dari Perubahan-Perubahan seiring dengan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi

Cardioprotective effect of Unani formulation in rats

663-667The study was conducted to evaluate cardioprotective effect of Unani formulation. Unani formulation in the dose of 100 mg / 100 gm body weight was administered per oral for 60 days before isoproterenol to test cardioprotective effect. The levels of various cardiac enzymes, glycogen and adrenal ascorbic acid were significantly altered in isoproterenol treated group as compared with control and formulation pre-treated groups. The levels were statistically similar in the groups. Unani formulation has been found to exhibit cardioprotective activity