Multipartite entanglement in fermionic systems via a geometric measure

We study multipartite entanglement in a system consisting of indistinguishable fermions. Specifically, we have proposed a geometric entanglement measure for N spin-1/2 fermions distributed over 2L modes (single particle states). The measure is defined on the 2L qubit space isomorphic to the Fock space for 2L single particle states. This entanglement measure is defined for a given partition of 2L modes containing m >= 2 subsets. Thus this measure applies to m <= 2L partite fermionic system where L is any finite number, giving the number of sites. The Hilbert spaces associated with these subsets may have different dimensions. Further, we have defined the local quantum operations with respect to a given partition of modes. This definition is generic and unifies different ways of dividing a fermionic system into subsystems. We have shown, using a representative case, that the geometric measure is invariant under local unitaries corresponding to a given partition. We explicitly demonstrate the use of the measure to calculate multipartite entanglement in some correlated electron systems. To the best of our knowledge, there is no usable entanglement measure of m > 3 partite fermionic systems in the literature, so that this is the first measure of multipartite entanglement for fermionic systems going beyond the bipartite and tripartite cases.Comment: 25 pages, 8 figure

The prevalence of adulthood overweight and obesity in Tehran: Findings from Urban HEART-2 study

Background: To estimate and compare prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult people across the 22 districts of Tehran in 2011. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using data on 47,406 women and 47,525 men aged� 15 years from a large population-based survey (Urban HEART-2). Age-standardized prevalence (ASP) of overweight (25�BMI<30) and obesity (BMI�30) were estimated for the Tehran's districts. Pearson Chi2 tests and logistic regression were used to examine any significant differences in prevalence of these disorders across sociodemographic groups. Results: ASPs of overweight were 36.5 and 32.0 among men and women, respectively (p<0.001). These figures for obesity were 10.7 and 15.3 among men and women, respectively (p<0.001). Crude prevalence of overweight and obesity rose with age up to the age of 54 years and decreased thereafter. Across education groups, the lowest prevalence of overweight/obesity was seen among most educated people. The results showed that being young, single and student were associated with lower odds of overweight/obesity. Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity among adult in Tehran. There were significant associations between sociodemographic characteristics and prevalence of overweight/obesity among adults in Tehran. The results of this study might be used in identifying high risk groups of overweight and obesity in Tehran

A 12um ISOCAM Survey of the ESO-Sculptor Field: Data Reduction and Analysis

We present a detailed reduction of a mid-infrared 12um (LW10 filter) ISOCAM open time observation performed on the ESO-Sculptor Survey field (Arnouts et al. 1997). A complete catalogue of 142 sources (120 galaxies and 22 stars), detected with high significance (equivalent to 5sigma), is presented above an integrated flux density of 0.24mJy. Star/galaxy separation is performed by a detailed study of colour-colour diagrams. The catalogue is complete to 1mJy and below this flux density the incompleteness is corrected using two independent methods. The first method uses stars and the second uses optical counterparts of the ISOCAM galaxies; these methods yield consistent results. We also apply an empirical flux density calibration using stars in the field. For each star, the 12um flux density is derived by fitting optical colours from a multi-band chi^2 to stellar templates (BaSel-2.0) and using empirical optical-IR colour-colour relations. This article is a companion analysis to Rocca-Volmerange 2007 et al. where the 12um faint galaxy counts are presented and analysed by galaxy type with the evolutionary code PEGASE.3.Comment: 12 pages, 7 figures, figure 1 modified from journal version for size, accepted for publication in A&A, includes psfig.st

ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗНООБРАЗИЕ ШТАММОВ MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM subsp. HOMINISSUIS, ВЫДЕЛЕННЫХ В ИТАЛИИ, НА ОСНОВЕ АНАЛИЗА ЛОКУСОВ VNTR

Abstract. Background. Mycobacterium avium subsp. hominissuis (MAH) is an important pathogen responsible for most of the human-associated nontuberculous mycobacteria infections. Over the past few decades the incidence of MAH infections is increasing in Italy, as in many countries worldwide. The present study is aimed to elucidate the genetic characteristics of MAH strains isolated from human patients using VNTR typing and to show the genetic relatedness among them. Methods. The genetic diversity of 108 human isolates of MAH was determined by VNTR analysis targeting 8 loci, coded 32, 292, X3, 25, 3, 7, 10 and 47. Results. The VNTR analysis revealed 25 distinct VNTR patterns; of these, 13 patterns were unique, while 12 patterns were shared by 2 or more isolates, thus yielding 12 clusters including a total of 95 isolates. The discriminatory power of our VNTR analysis yielded an HGDI of 0.990, indicating that VNTR typing has an excellent discriminatory power. No association of a particular VNTR pattern with a particular clinical feature, such as the disseminated, pulmonary or extrapulmonary type of infection, was observed. Minimum spanning tree analysis showed that 21 VNTR patterns, occurring either as clustered or unique isolates, differed from the nearest one for one allelic variation. Conclusions. The results obtained through the VNTR analysis showed that most MAH strains displayed a close genetic relationship. This high phylogenetic proximity of the VNTR loci over a long time period supports the concept that the MAH genotype is highly homogeneous in our geographical area, suggesting the hypothesis of the presence of possible sources of infection and transmission pathways at the local level

Nano-Hydroxyapatite and Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Zinc Oxide Scaffold for Bone Tissue Engineering Application

This research aims to evaluate the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and degradation behavior of scaffolds made of pure hydroxyapatite (HA) and HA‐modified by ZnO for bone tissue engineering applications. HA and ZnO were developed using sol‐gel and precipitation methods respectively. The scaffolds properties were characterized using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic absorption (AA), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The interaction of scaffold with cells was assessed using in vitro cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) assays. The obtained results indicate that the HA/ZnO scaffolds possess higher compressive strength, fracture toughness, and density—but lower hardness—when compared to the pure HA scaffolds. After immersing the scaffold in the SBF solution, more deposited apatite appeared on the HA/ZnO, which results in the rougher surface on this scaffold compared to the pure HA scaffold. Finally, the in vitro biological analysis using human osteoblast cells reveals that scaffolds are biocompatible with adequate ALP activity

Complementarity of Gamma-ray and LHC Searches for Neutralino Dark Matter in the Focus Point Region

We study the complementarity between the indirect detection of dark matter with gamma-rays in H.E.S.S. and the supersymmetry searches with ATLAS at the Large Hadron Collider in the Focus Point region within the mSUGRA framework. The sensitivity of the central telescope of the H.E.S.S. II experiment with an energy threshold of ~ 20 GeV is investigated. We show that the detection of gamma-ray fluxes of O(10^-12) cm-2s-1 with H.E.S.S. II covers a substantial part of the Focus Point region which may be more difficult for LHC experiments. Despite the presence of multi-TeV scalars, we show that LHC will be sensitive to a complementary part of this region through three body NLSP leptonic decays. This interesting complementarity between H.E.S.S. II and LHC searches is further highlighted in terms of the gluino mass and the two lightest neutralino mass difference.Comment: 11 pages, 6 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D on February 7, 2008 (slight modifications: references updated and text improved

QALY league table of Iran: a practical method for better resource allocation

Background: The limited health care resources cannot meet all the demands of the society. Thus, decision makers have to choose feasible interventions and reject the others. We aimed to collect and summarize the results of all cost utility analysis studies that were conducted in Iran and develop a Quality Adjusted Life Year (QALY) league table. Methods: A systematic mapping review was conducted to identify all cost utility analysis studies done in Iran and then map them in a table. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, as well as Iranian databases like Iran Medex, SID, Magiran, and Barakat Knowledge Network System were all searched for articles published from the inception of the databases to January 2020. Additionally, Cost per QALY or Incremental Cost Utility Ratio (ICUR) were collected from all studies. The Joanna Briggs checklist was used to assess quality appraisal. Results: In total, 51 cost-utility studies were included in the final analysis, out of which 14 studies were on cancer, six studies on coronary heart diseases. Two studies, each on hemophilia, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. The rest were on various other diseases. Markov model was the commonest one which has been applied to in 45 of the reviewed studies. Discount rates ranged from zero to 7.2. The cost per QALY ranged from 0.144 in radiography costs for patients with some orthopedic problems to 4,551,521 for immune tolerance induction (ITI) therapy in hemophilia patients. High heterogeneity was revealed; therefore, it would be biased to rank interventions based on reported cost per QALY or ICUR. Conclusions: However, it is instructive and informative to collect all economic evaluation studies and summarize them in a table. The information on the table would in turn be used to redirect resources for efficient allocation. in general, it was revealed that preventive programs are cost effective interventions from different perspectives in Iran. © 2021, The Author(s)