Natural gas, with incidental reference to other bitumens

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Algebraic methods in the theory of generalized Harish-Chandra modules

This paper is a review of results on generalized Harish-Chandra modules in the framework of cohomological induction. The main results, obtained during the last 10 years, concern the structure of the fundamental series of $(\mathfrak{g},\mathfrak{k})-$modules, where $\mathfrak{g}$ is a semisimple Lie algebra and $\mathfrak{k}$ is an arbitrary algebraic reductive in $\mathfrak{g}$ subalgebra. These results lead to a classification of simple $(\mathfrak{g},\mathfrak{k})-$modules of finite type with generic minimal $\mathfrak{k}-$types, which we state. We establish a new result about the Fernando-Kac subalgebra of a fundamental series module. In addition, we pay special attention to the case when $\mathfrak{k}$ is an eligible $r-$subalgebra (see the definition in section 4) in which we prove stronger versions of our main results. If $\mathfrak{k}$ is eligible, the fundamental series of $(\mathfrak{g},\mathfrak{k})-$modules yields a natural algebraic generalization of Harish-Chandra's discrete series modules.Comment: Keywords : generalized Harish-Chandra module, (g,k)-module of finite type, minimal k-type, Fernando-Kac subalgebra, eligible subalgebra; Pages no. : 13; Bibliography : 21 item

Invariant Differential Operators for Non-Compact Lie Groups: the Sp(n,R) Case

In the present paper we continue the project of systematic construction of invariant differential operators on the example of the non-compact algebras sp(n,R), in detail for n=6. Our choice of these algebras is motivated by the fact that they belong to a narrow class of algebras, which we call 'conformal Lie algebras', which have very similar properties to the conformal algebras of Minkowski space-time. We give the main multiplets and the main reduced multiplets of indecomposable elementary representations for n=6, including the necessary data for all relevant invariant differential operators. In fact, this gives by reduction also the cases for n<6, since the main multiplet for fixed n coincides with one reduced case for n+1.Comment: Latex2e, 27 pages, 8 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:0812.2690, arXiv:0812.265

Coupled opto-electronic simulation of organic bulk-heterojunction solar cells: parameter extraction and sensitivity analysis

A general problem arising in computer simulations is the number of material and device parameters, which have to be determined by dedicated experiments and simulation-based parameter extraction. In this study we analyze measurements of the short-circuit current dependence on the active layer thickness and current-voltage curves in poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) based solar cells. We have identified a set of parameter values including dissociation parameters that describe the experimental data. The overall agreement of our model with experiment is good, however a discrepancy in the thickness dependence of the current-voltage curve questions the influence of the electric field in the dissociation process. In addition transient simulations are analyzed which show that a measurement of the turn-off photocurrent can be useful for estimating charge carrier mobilities.Comment: 10 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables, Accepted for publication in Journal of Applied Physic

Guidelines Towards Better Participation of Older Adults in Software Development Processes using a new SPIRAL Method and Participatory Approach

This paper presents a new method of engaging older participants in the process of application and IT solutions development for older adults for emerging IT and tech startups. A new method called SPIRAL (Support for Participant Involvement in Rapid and Agile software development Labs) is proposed which adds both sustainability and flexibility to the development process with older adults. This method is based on the participatory approach and user empowerment of older adults with the aid of a bootstrapped Living Lab concept and it goes beyond well established user-centered and empathic design. SPIRAL provides strategies for direct involvement of older participants in the software development processes from the very early stage to support the agile approach with rapid prototyping, in particular in new and emerging startup environments with limited capabilities, including time, team and resources

Topological Exchange Statistics in One Dimension

The standard topological approach to indistinguishable particles formulates exchange statistics by using the fundamental group to analyze the connectedness of the configuration space. Although successful in two and more dimensions, this approach gives only trivial or near trivial exchange statistics in one dimension because two-body coincidences are excluded from configuration space. Instead, we include these path-ambiguous singular points and consider configuration space as an orbifold. This orbifold topological approach allows unified analysis of exchange statistics in any dimension and predicts novel possibilities for anyons in one-dimensional systems, including non-abelian anyons obeying alternate strand groups. These results clarify the non-topological origin of fractional statistics in one-dimensional anyon models.Comment: v3: major revision and expansion from last edition; 16 pgs., 5 figs., 109 ref

The effectiveness of paid services in supporting carers' employment in England

This paper explores the effectiveness of paid services in supporting unpaid carers’ employment in England. There is currently a new emphasis in England on ‘replacement care’, or paid services for the cared-for person, as a means of supporting working carers. The international evidence on the effectiveness of paid services as a means of supporting carers’ employment is inconclusive and does not relate specifically to England. The study reported here explores this issue using the 2009/10 Personal Social Services Survey of Adult Carers in England. The study finds a positive association between carers’ employment and receipt of paid services by the cared-for person, controlling for covariates. It therefore gives support to the hypothesis that services for the cared-for person are effective in supporting carers’ employment. Use of home care and a personal assistant are associated on their own with the employment of both men and women carers, while use of day care and meals-on-wheels are associated specifically with women’s employment. Use of short-term breaks are associated with carers’ employment when combined with other services. The paper supports the emphasis in English social policy on paid services as a means of supporting working carers, but questions the use of the term ‘replacement care’ and the emphasis on ‘the market’

On the scattering theory of the classical hyperbolic C(n) Sutherland model

In this paper we study the scattering theory of the classical hyperbolic Sutherland model associated with the C(n) root system. We prove that for any values of the coupling constants the scattering map has a factorized form. As a byproduct of our analysis, we propose a Lax matrix for the rational C(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen model with two independent coupling constants, thereby setting the stage to establish the duality between the hyperbolic C(n) Sutherland and the rational C(n) Ruijsenaars-Schneider-van Diejen models.Comment: 15 page