Virtues in Purananuru

This research is in the task of establishing the high quality of the human being, which needs to be corrected when the individual morality deviates from the normal state. The kings lived with fame by giving a proper explanation to fame and disrespect.  Society puts forth certain moral principles that must be followed by human beings to lead a happiest life. Although there is a lot of internal literature that reflects the internal life, the external life, moral philosophies and high values with cultural symbols are recorded in the external literature of Purananuru. Many moral ideas followed in society are recorded and extolled in Purananuru. There are many moral ideals of the ancient Tamils in Purananuru which praise and protects the social virtues, which reflect life in the individual dimensions of social needs. This is explained here in a comparative manner through the song of Thirukkural

A Descriptive Outcome Based Study for Treatment Strategies of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections using Medication Therapy Management

Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI`s) are the fifth leading cause of death due to infections being responsible for 2.74 million deaths worldwide. Antibiotics are used primarily to treat these infections. The aim of this research is to study the medication therapy management of patients with lower respiratory tract infections admitted in ESI hospital, Bangalore, and to improve the quality of life of patients. It is a descriptive, observational, and interventional study. The data is collected through suitably designed forms and by direct interaction with the patients as well as their caretakers. The study cohort consists of 40 patients, of that males were 24 (60%) and females were 16 (40%). Most of the infected cases were in the age group of 51 to 60 years and the minimum infected were of 11 to 20 years and 81 to 90 years. The symptoms like Hyperthermia (30%), Tachycardia, and tachypnea (32.5%) were observed. A high count of RBS, PPBS, FBS were seen among 25%. Observations including leukocytopenia (7.5%), neutropenia (15%), lymphocytopenia (22.5%), leukocytosis (22.5%), neutrophilia (27.5%), lymphocytosis (35%), eosinophilia (7.5%), monocytosis (2.5%), and all cases have increased ESR (100%). LRTI was among 13 (32.5%) patients and remaining were with complications associated with LRTI. 40 (100%) patients received IV fluids along with Duolin, Budecort, Augmentin, Cough syrup, and Deriphylline. Maximum drug interactions are seen in Pantoprazole + Deriphylline combination among 14 (35%). Process measures (type and frequency of drug therapy problems detected), economic measures (number of medications dispensed), and humanistic measures, (patient satisfaction with services) were the main outcomes in this process after providing MTM services

Critical analysis of drug promotional literature available to the medical practitioners

Background: To ascertain whether the pharmaceutical companies are following the WHO criteria for “Ethical medicinal drug promotion 1988” and “OPPI Code of pharmaceutical marketing practices, 2012” and to what extent. Also, to evaluate the therapeutic claims made by them in their drug promotional literature and other aspects.Methods: Drug Promotional Literature (DPL) from different pharmaceutical companies was collected from various Medical practitioners and analysed to see if they achieved objectives. Therapeutic claims made by them were classified as authentic, exaggerated, controversial, false, and misinterpreted.Results: Total 250 DPLs were collected and critically analysed for information content. Out of the 11 WHO criteria for ethical medicinal drug promotion (1988), Majority (30%)  followed only 54.54% of the criteria while only 4% followed 100% of the criteria. The total number of claims in the 250 DPL were 354 of which 52.8% were authentic and 47.2% were misleading. From the misleading claims: 28.7% were exaggerated, 34.7% were controversial, 22.8% were false, 23% were ambiguous.Conclusions: This study enabled us to find out to what extent the pharmaceutical industries follow the standard criteria for DPL and evaluate the claims made by them. DPL is one of the important sources of drug information. Some of the pharmaceutical companies failed to follow the WHO criteria while advertising their products in order to make them look more lucrative having an underlying commercial motive. As they influence prescribing patterns of the clinicians, misleading promotional literature would result in irrational prescribing of drugs. To avoid this, DPL has to be critically evaluated

Image Enhancement using Hardware co-simulation for Biomedical Applications

Digital image enhancement techniques are to improving the visual quality of images. Main objective of image enhancement is to process an image so that result is more suitable than original image for specific application. Image is one of the most fundamental and significant features. The correctness and reliability of its results affect directly the comprehension machine system made for objective world. The implementation of image enhancement algorithms on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) is having advantage of using large memory and embedded multipliers. FPGAs are providing a platform for processing real time algorithms on application-specific hardware with substantially higher performance than programmable digital signal processors (DSPs). This project focus on implementation issues of image enhancement algorithms like brightness control, contrast stretching, negative transformation, thresholding, filtering techniques on FPGA that have become a competitive alternative for high performance digital signal processing applications. This project will use System Generator tool and modular construction methods to build a image algorithm platform in MATLAB. By a brief analysis about display image and resource consumption after achieving on Spartan-3E development board, we can see the image using System Generator for FPGA algorithm design superiority, have the vast application prospects. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.15029

Osseous metaplasia of endometrium: a rare cause of secondary infertility

Osseous metaplasia of the endometrium is a rare condition with formation of bony tissue inside the uterus, particularly the endometrium. The etiology of this disorder is not completely understood, with various hypotheses being put forward to explain its occurrence. It is an important cause of secondary infertility, although it may present with various other gynecological symptoms. It can be suspected on ultrasonography due to its peculiar appearance and can be completely cured following hysteroscopic resection. Here we present a case of a 30 years old female presenting with hypomenorrhoea and secondary infertility following a first trimester abortion. Ultrasonography showed presence of dense linear echogenic band in the uterus suggestive of calcification. Hysteroscopy revealed multiple bony fragments of varying shapes and sizes (0.2-2cm) in the uterine cavity which were removed using a hysteroscopic grasper and the cavity was restored to normal. There were no procedure related complications. Presence of bony tissue was confirmed on histopathology. Patient had a spontaneous conception 3 months after the procedure and delivered a healthy male child at term. Thus, in our case, hysteroscopy was a safe and effective modality for diagnosis as well as treatment of this rare condition. Successful hysteroscopic treatment was followed by a spontaneous conception and a good pregnancy outcome

A study of surgical management of idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus by posteromedial soft tissue release

Background: Idiopathic congenital talipes equinovarus is a complex deformity that is difficult to correct. The treatment of club foot is controversial and continues to be one of the biggest challenges in paediatric orthopaedics. Most orthopaedicians agree that the initial treatment should be non-surgical but if it fails, advise surgical treatment in the form soft tissue release for better results. The study was done with the aim to study a short term follow up of 14 patients treated to assess the efficacy of the treatment modality.Methods: 14 patients underwent the posteromedial soft tissue release (PMSTR) at Department of Orthopaedics, S. V. S. Medical College during the period from October 2013 to September 2015. Patients were followed up regularly up to one and half year. Severity of foot deformities were graded according to Denis-Brown classification.Results: Out of 14 cases there were 10 males (71.4%) and 4 females (28.6%) for the sex ratio of 2.5:1 male to female. The youngest child was 6 months old and oldest child was 3 years old. In bilateral cases both feet were operated at an interval of 7 to 10 days. Good results were seen in 15 feet (71%), fair: in 04 feet (19%) and poor: in 02 feet (10%).Conclusions: The PMSTR method is a safe and cost-effective treatment for congenital idiopathic clubfoot and radically decreases the need for extensive corrective surgery. Non-compliance with orthotics after surgery and surgery at late age are causes for failure of technique

Effects of water-soluble polymers upon some properties of natural rubber latex

An investigation of the effects of various water-soluble polymers upon some properties of natural rubber latex has been carried out. All the polymers, which were of two principal types, distinguished according to the rate of addition of polymerisation reactants, were prepared by free-radical initiated solution polymerisation. Two types of monomers, namely, ionisable hydrophilic monomers and hydrophobic monomers were used in the preparation of polymers. Both types of polymers, referred to as Type 1 and Type 2, were principally characterised by viscometry, hydrophilicity assessment and infra-red analyses. It has been found that such characteristics of these polymers as molecular weight, composition distribution and hydrophilicity are dependent upon the method used for their preparation. Explanations which have been suggested for this dependence accord with theoretical predictions. It has also been found that certain properties of natural rubber (NR) latex such as mechanical stability (MST), viscosity, zinc-oxide thickening, heat-sensitivity and creaming can be modified with the addition of water-soluble polymers and that the extent to which each of these properties is modified depends upon the characteristics of the added polymer. The extent of the modification of MST and viscosity of NR latex greatly depended upon both the molecular weight and composition of the added polymer. The influence of composition of the added polymer in modifying zinc-oxide thickening was found to be more important than that of molecular weight. Even though the effects of polymers of Type 1 and Type 2 upon the properties of NR latex were generally similar it has not been able to make proper comparisons between the effects of these two types of polymers as their characteristics were different

Thyroid disorders in antenatal women in a rural hospital in central India

Background: Thyroid disorders are one of the most common endocrine disorders in pregnancy. Thyroid disorders are known to be associated with abnormal maternal and fetal outcomes and are often overlooked in pregnant women because of nonspecific symptoms and hypermetabolic state of pregnancy.Methods: 514 women between 12 to 18 weeks of pregnancy from October 2013 to September 2015were recruited in the study. Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) testing was done. Free T4 and free T3 were tested in subjects with a deranged TSH value. Subjects were followed up till delivery, and maternal and fetal complications arising out of thyroid dysfunction were studied.Results: The occurrence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 9.54%, overt hypothyroidism was 2.34% and hyperthyroidism was 0.58%.  When compared to subjects with euthyroidism, anemia and preterm delivery were the most significant maternal complications in subjects with hypothyroidism (p=0.0001 and 0.0001, respectively) whereas miscarriage, IUD/stillbirth, LBW and intrauterine growth restriction were significant fetal complications observed in subjects with hypothyroidism, with p<0.0001, p=0.002, 0.025, 0.009 respectively. NICU admissions were 2.58 times more in subjects with thyroid disorders as compared to euthyroid subjects.Conclusions: The occurrence of thyroid disorders was high in our study with associated adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Routine screening for thyroid dysfunction is recommended to prevent adverse fetal and maternal outcomes. Serum TSH is a sufficient and cost-effective screening tool.