Histopathological changes of gill, liver and kidney in Caspian kutum exposed to Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate

The histopathological effects of Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate on the gill, liver and kidney tissues of the Caspian kutum, Rutilus frisii kutum were studied. The fish were exposed to three sublethal concentrations of anionic detergent, Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) for short term intervals (192 h). Gill, liver and kidney samples were collected after 192 h of exposure to LAS and lesions were analyzed by light microscopy. The histological changes to gills were edema, fusion of lamellae and lamellar aneurism. Some alterations like reduction of the interstitial haematopoietic tissue, tubular shrinkage, degeneration in the epithelial cells of renal tubule and necrosis were observed in the kidney. In the liver tissue, hepatocyte degeneration, congestion and dilation of sinusoid and vacuolar degeneration were seen. It seems that sublethal concentration of LAS may affect severe changes to gill, kidney and liver of R. frisii kutum specimens that leads to malfunction of these organs which cause damage to health of the fish

Effects of lead sub-lethal concentration on blood iron content of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio

In order to examine the effect of lead on the iron content of blood, sampling of common carp was carried out randomly from a fish culture pond in southeast of Babol by purse seine, in 2008. First of all, the experimental fish were adapted to laboratory conditions for 48 hours. Then, the effect of different concentrations of lead were examined using 3 experimental (A: 4.296 mg/l, B: 7.127 mg/l, C: 8.656 mg/l) and one control groups. There were 12 aquariums, each containing 12 fish. It was tried to apply an equal environmental condition for all of the aquariums during the experiment. Following 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure, fish were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from caudal vein. The fish average weight and length (total length) were 140.5 g, 21.8 cm, respectively. Concentrations of lead and iron have been determined by ICP-OES after acid digestion of blood samples by Microwave. This study showed that the absorption of lead and its concentration in the blood significantly increased (p<0.05) as the time passed compared to the control group. However, there was no significant trend since the blood acts as a carrier of heavy metals such as lead to the target organs. There was also no significant relationship (p<0.05, n=3) between increasing the amount of absorbed lead and blood iron changes. Therefore, it may be concluded that there is no interaction between blood iron and lead concentration. Increasing trend of blood iron concentration during the experiment was also probably because of some physiological changes resulting from stress in fish

Evaluation of earth fault location algorithm in medium voltage distribution network with correction technique

This paper focused on studying an algorithm of earth fault location in the medium voltage distribution network. In power system network, most of the earth fault occurs is a single line to ground fault. A medium voltage distribution network with resistance earthing at the main substation and an earth fault attached along the distribution network is modeled in ATP Draw. The generated earth fault is simulated, and the voltage and current signal produced is recorded. The earth fault location algorithm is simulated and tested in MATLAB. The accuracy of the earth fault location algorithm is tested at several locations and fault resistances. A possible correction technique is explained to minimize the error. The results show an improvement fault location distance estimation with minimum error

Investigating the Impact of Collagen-Chitosan Derived from Scomberomorus Guttatus and Shrimp Skin on Second-Degree Burn in Rats Model

Background: The present study focused on burning as one of the main causes of mortality with detrimental economic and social effects in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of collagen-chitosan gel extracted from Scomberomorus guttatus and shrimp skin in the treatment of second degree burn healing among rats. Materials &amp; method: To fulfill the purpose of the study, chitosan and collagen were extracted respectively from shrimp and Scomberomorus guttatus skin waste by the acid-based method and were evaluated by using Pico Tag, SDS-PAGE. The burn wound healing efficiency of marine collagen-chitosan gel was examined in vivo using rats. Three different ratios of collagen and chitosan blend (Col-CH, 1:3, 1:1 and 3:1) were prepared to obtain the most effective Col-CH gel for burn wound healing and were compared to the animals treated with silver sulfadiazine ointment. Healing burn wound was studied by measuring wound surface area with Image J and histopathologic examination was carried out based on the mean of epithelialization, fibroblastic cells, acute and chronic inflammatory cells, angiogenesis, structure collagen and the amount of collagen on days 15 and 25 post-burn. Results: The results of SDS-PAGE indicated that the extracted collagen was type I and it was composed of two α (α1 and α2) chains. Amino acid analysis showed a much higher glaycin content in extracted collagen which amounted to one-third of the total amino. The wound surface measurement showed a significant reduction in wound size in the group treated with Col-CH (3:1) compared to silver-sulfadiazine treated group on 15th and 25th days. Histopathological findings represented a high score in epithelialization, collagen, collagen structure, fibroblast cell and a decrease in inflammatory cells infiltration in Col-CH (3:1) treated group on 25th day. The most obvious finding of the present study is that chitosan-collagen gel (3:1) represented a better efficacy compared to sulfadiazine in burn wound healing on day 25 post-burn. © 2021 The Japanese Society for Regenerative Medicin

Prevalência de atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor em pré-escolares

O desenvolvimento infantil é um processo de mudanças relacionado com a idade e influenciado pelo ambiente em que a criança vive. Desta maneira, o objetivo é verificar o a prevalência de atraso do desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor (DNPM) em pré-escolares. Procedimentos: tratou-se de um estudo transversal analítico realizado em três abrigos e uma escola particular da Zona Leste de São Paulo-SP, na qual participaram 81 crianças. Aplicou-se um questionário aos responsáveis pelas crianças participantes e para avaliar o desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor das crianças foi utilizado o Teste Denver II. Os resultados revelaram a prevalência de atraso no DNPM em crianças institucionalizadas (31,6%), p=0,06. A linguagem foi a área mais freqüentemente afetada nas crianças com suspeita de atraso. Em relação ao suporte familiar e condições ambientais não houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes nas crianças institucionalizadas. Verificou-se que os resultados não significativos talvez sejam conseqüência da relação de apego que as crianças institucionalizadas adquirem entre si e da convivência com um maior número de crianças. Conclusão: o presente estudo não encontrou diferenças estatisticamente significativas no desenvolvimento neuropsicomotor de crianças institucionalizadas e não-institucionalizadas, porém houve maior prevalência de suspeita de atraso nas crianças institucionalizadas.The child development is a process of age-related changes and influenced by the environment where the child lives. This way, the goal is to determine the prevalence of delay development neuropsychomotor in preschool children. Procedures: this was an analytical cross-sectional study performed in three shelters and a private school in the East zone of São Paulo-SP, attended 81 children. A questionnaire was applied to children participating and to evaluate the development neuropsychomotor of children was used testing Denver II. The results revealed the prevalence of late DNPM institutionalised children (31.6%), p = 0.06. The language was the area most often affected in children with suspected delays. In relation to the support of family and environmental conditions there were statistically significant differences in institutionalised children. The insignificant results may be a consequence of the relationship of attachment that institutionalized children acquire each other and co-existence with a greater number of children. Conclusion: this study found no statistically significant differences in the development of institutionalized children neuropsicomotor and non-institutionalized, but there were higher prevalence of suspected delay in institutionalised children

The study of some limnological study of the Kan river in the catchment area of the Persian Gulf Martyrs Lake (Chitgar), Tehran trophic index in Anzali lagoon

This study focused on identification phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, fishes and relationship between biotic and abiotic parameters at three stations in the Kan river during 2014. This study identified 19 phytoplankton taxa. The findings showed, the diatoms abundance were dominated in the river. The chlorophytes abundance were recorded the lowest abundance in this study. The nutrients and water temperature were the significant abiotic parameters to increase cyanophytes and chlorophytes abundance in the Kan river. This study identified 26 zooplankton taxa. The Rotatoria and Protozoa abundance were dominated in the Kan river. Based on CCA, there was no correlation between abundance zooplankton and abiotic parameters. The biodiversity index of plankton was between 1.8 and 2 and the lake situation is located in the mesotrophic category. The study of the Kan river fishes showed, only one endemic fish species Capoeta bohsei. The length (between 38 and 270 mm, average 144±86 mm) and weight (between 1.1 and 356 g, average 108.8±146.7 g) of the C. bohsei were varied during the study period. The 19 benthos taxa were identified. The Ephemeroptera was most abundant in the benthos groups. The classification of river based on biology indicator and environmental parameters confimed that water quality is located in the moderate category

Irrigation with saline water in soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) in a soil with bovine biofertilizer

ABSTRACT Salinity is a complex phenomenon that affects the metabolic processes of the plant, changing the physiological and biochemical parameters. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of irrigation water salinity on growth, biomass and gas exchanges in soybean crop in soil with and without biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse at the experimental area of the Agrometeorological Station of the UFC, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil, from May to June 2016. The treatments were distributed in randomized blocks in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, corresponding to the levels of irrigation water salinity: 0.8; 1.6; 2.4; 3.2 and 4.0 dS m-1, in soil without and with bovine biofertilizer, in five replicates. The following variables were evaluated: growth (plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and leaf area), biomass (leaf, root and total dry matter) and gas exchanges (photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration). Irrigation water salinity reduced photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and transpiration, but with less intensity in the plants that received bovine biofertilizer. The aerobically fermented bovine biofertilizer attenuates saline stress on the initial growth and biomass of soybean plants

Emergence and biomass accumulation in seedlings of rice cultivars irrigated with saline water

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three rice cultivars under saline water irrigation. The experiment was carried out in full sun at the Experimental Farm of the Unilab, in Redenção, Ceará, Brazil, in January 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme [irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) versus three rice cultivars (C1 - Ligeirinho, C2 - Casado and C3 - Meruinho)], totaling 15 treatments, with 4 replicates of 30 seeds per cultivar. After 21 days, the following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage (EP), emergence speed index (ESI), mean time of emergence (MTE), mean speed of emergence (MSE), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM) and total dry matter (TDM). The cultivar Ligeirinho showed higher tolerance to saline stress with respect to the emergence percentage, emergence speed index and mean speed of emergence. The cultivar Casado showed higher tolerance to saline stress for shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter in comparison to the other cultivars