Formation, electrochemical and radical scavenging properties of novel ruthenium compounds with N, X-donor (X = O, N) heterocyclic chelators

Herein, we communicate the formation of novel ruthenium compounds with N, X-donor (X = O, N) heterocyclic- derived ligands. A paramagnetic ruthenium(IV) complex, [RuCl(pho)(bzca)(PPh3)](1) (pho = 2- aminophenolate; bzca = 2-carboxylate-1H-benzimidazole) was isolated from the reaction of the ruthenium(II) precursor, trans-[RuCl2(PPh3)3] and 2-((1H-benzimidazole)methylamino)phenol (Hbzap). The 1:1 molar reaction between the same metal precursor and N-(benzoxazole)-2-hydroxybenzamide (H2bhb) led to the formation of cis-Cl, trans-P-[RuIII(Hbhb)Cl2(PPh3)2](2). The dinuclear ruthenium compounds, (l-Htba,Cl)2[RuIICl(PPh3)]2(3) (Htba = N-(thiophene)methyl-benzoxazole-2-amine) and (l-Cl)2[RuIIICl(Hchpr)(PPh3)]2(4) (H2chpr = 2-amino-3-((tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylimino)methyl)-4Hchromen- 4-one) were formed from the equimolar ratio coordination reactions between trans- [RuCl2(PPh3)3] and the respective free-ligands, Htba and H2chpr. These metal complexes were characterized via IR-, NMR- and UV–Vis spectroscopy, molar conductivity measurements and structural elucidations were confirmed by single crystal X-ray analysis. The X-ray studies revealed that all the metallic compounds exhibited octahedral geometries and that the Hbzap free ligand has undergone a unique molecular transformation to afford the pho and bzca bidentate chelators in 1. The electrochemical properties of the respective metal complexes were investigated by voltammetric analysis. The cyclic voltammograms (CVs) of 1–3 showed one redox couple while within the CV of the dinuclear compound 4, two redox couples were observed. The ligands and their metal complexes were also subjected to DPPH radical scavenging studies. The IC50 values showed that all the metallic compounds have higher radical scavenging activities than their corresponding free-ligands and the natural antioxidant, Vitamin C

PATRONES DE DIVERSIDAD DE AVES DEL CENTRO ECOLÓGICO WECKSO, PARQUE INTERNACIONAL LA AMISTAD (PILA), BOCAS DEL TORO, 2023

The spatial diversity patterns of the birds of the Weckso Ecological Center, PILA, Bocas del Toro, were studied. The study recorded 855 individuals of 80 species (70 residents and 10 migratory). In addition, nine species have some type of national or international threat. The most abundant species were, in the forest, A. tzacatl (11.7%), in the riverbank, N. brasilinus (8.3%), and in the open area, B. swainsoni (6.1%). The order Passeriformes was the most diverse and abundant with values of 53.8% and 37.2% respectively. The Accipitridae family was the most abundant with 15.7% while Thraupidae was the most diverse with 11.2%. According to the Hill numbers and the Chao 1 estimator, a good representation of the true diversity expressed by the orders (q=0, q=1 and q=2) of the sampled sites was obtained. Habitats with better forest cover demonstrated higher levels of species diversity. The cluster analysis revealed maximum homogeneity within the habitats, but with differences between them, where the forest and the riverbank have a lower dissimilarity compared to the open area. Some specialist birds such as B. swainsoni, R. magnirostris, L. semiplumbeus and N. brasilinus, contribute differentially to the species composition among the sampled habitats, favoring the turnover of other more generalist species such as A. tzacatl, T. grayi and T. melancholicus. These results indicate that the true diversity and turnover of birds are real evidence that guarantees the conservation of the Weckso Ecological Center, since its alpha and beta diversity patterns are very significant.Se estudiaron los patrones de diversidad espacial de las aves del Centro Ecológico Weckso, PILA, Bocas del Toro. El estudio registró 855 individuos de 80 especies (70 residentes y 10 migratorias). Además, nueve especies tienen algún tipo de amenaza nacional o internacional. Las especies más abundantes fueron, en el bosque A. tzacatl (11,7%), en la ribera N. brasilinus (8.3%) y en el área abierta B. swainsoni (6.1%). El orden Passeriformes fue el más diverso y abundante con valores de 53.8% y 37.2% respectivamente. La familia Accipitridae fue la más abundante con un 15.7%; mientras que Thraupidae fue la más diversa con un 11.2%. Según los números de Hill y el estimador Chao 1, se obtuvo una buena representación de la diversidad verdadera expresada por los órdenes (q=0, q=1 y q=2) de los sitios muestreados. Los hábitats con mejor cobertura boscosa demostraron mayores niveles de diversidad de especies. El análisis de conglomerados reveló máxima homogeneidad dentro de los hábitats, pero con diferencias entre ellos, donde el bosque y la ribera poseen una menor disimilitud en comparación con el área abierta. Algunas aves especialistas como B. swainsoni, R. magnirostris, L. semiplumbeus y N. brasilinus, contribuyen diferencialmente a la composición de las especies entre los hábitats muestreados, favoreciendo el recambio de otras especies más generalistas como, A. tzacatl, X. susurrans, T. grayi y T. melancholicus. Estos resultados indican que la diversidad verdadera y el recambio de las aves son pruebas reales que garantizan la conservación del Centro Ecológico Weckso, pues sus patrones de diversidad alfa y beta son muy significativos

Ruthenium complexes with lumazine derivatives: structural, electrochemical, computational and radical scavenging studies

In this research study, the formation and characterization of new ruthenium(II) and (III) complexes encompassing multidentate ligands derived from 6-acetyl-1,3, 7-trimethyllumazine (almz) are reported. The 1:1 molar coordination reactions of trans-[RuCl2(PPh3)3] with N-1-[1,3, 7-trimethyllumazine]benzohydride (bzlmz) and 6-(N-methyloxime)- 1,3,7-trimethyllumazine (ohlmz) formed a diamagnetic ruthenium(II) complex, cis-[RuCl2(bzlmz)(PPh3)] (1), and paramagnetic complex, cis-[RuIIICl2(olmz)(PPh3)] (2) [Holmz = 6-(N-hydroxy-N0-methylamino)-1,3,7-trimethyllumazine], respectively. These ruthenium complexes were characterized via physico-chemical and spectroscopic methods. Structural elucidations of the metal complexes were confirmed using single crystal X-ray analysis. The redox properties of the metal complexes were investigated via cyclic voltammetry. Electron spin resonance spectroscopy confirmed the presence of a paramagnetic metal centre in 2. The radical scavenging activities of the metal complexes were explored towards the DPPH and NO radicals. Quantum calculations at the density functional theory level provided insight into the interpretation of the IR and UV–Vis experimental spectra of 1

Newt survey of Harper Adams University College ponds

The aim of this survey was to provide some baseline data on the presence or absence of newt species and, if possible, an indication of their population levels. Breeding of newts was evident on five ponds. Great crested newts were found in two ponds at Harper Adams and their population levels were classified as medium and small. Populations of smooth newts were found on five ponds. Habitat Suitability Indices;showed that two of the seven ponds which were surveyed were 'excellent', four ponds were 'good' and one pond was ‘average’ for habitat suitability. This indicated that all areas had the potential to contain great crested newts

Psychological Health Influences of Legal-Marriage and -Partnerships on Same-Sex Couples

This chapter explores whether Californians in same-sex legal marriages and partnerships reported lower levels of psychological distress than other adult Californians after the 2008 California Supreme Court Decision that legalized same-sex marriage. We pooled 10 years of California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) data and employ a T1-T2 design to approximate a time series design. Dependent variables include overall self-related health, psychological distress, and household income. Independent variables include sexual identity and same-sex spouse. Bi-variate analyses compared self-reported mental and physical health between the two periods. We found decreased reports of poorer health and increased reports of very good health among gay men and lesbian women with legal spouses. Psychological distress decreased for legally coupled gay men and lesbians while increased slightly among unpartnered lesbian women and gay men. Household income increased among coupled lesbian women and gay men and decreased among others. Our project demonstrated positive health influences for Californians with legal same-sex spouses. We recommend future research projects that explore whether and how same- and opposite-sex marriage benefits health, well-being, and prosperity, and for marital status survey questions that are inclusive of sexual and gender identities and elicit the sex/gender of a respondent’s spouse

Coordination of di- and triimine ligands at ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) centers: structural, electrochemical and radical scavenging studies

Herein, we explore the coordination of di- and triimine chelators at ruthenium(II) and ruthenium(III) centers. The reactions of 2,6-bis-((4- tetrahydropyranimino)methyl)pyridine (thppy), N1,N2-bis((3-chromone) methylene)benzene-1,2-diamine (chb), and tris-((1H-pyrrol-2-ylmethylene) ethane)amine (H3pym) with trans-[RuIICl2(PPh3)3] afforded the diamagnetic ruthenium(II) complex cis-[RuCl2(thppy)(PPh3)] (1) and the paramagnetic complexes [mer-Ru2(μ-chb)Cl6(PPh3)2] (2), and [Ru(pym)] (3), respectively. The complexes were characterized by IR, NMR, and UV–vis spectroscopy and molar conductivity measurements. The structures were confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The redox properties of the metal complexes were probed via cyclic- and squarewave voltammetry. Finally, the radical scavenging capabilities of the metal complexes towards the NO and 2,2-di(4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals were investigate