Laboratory Detection of Novel Corona Virus 2019 Using Polymerase Chain Reaction

Since mid-December 2019, several cases of a pneumonia like disease (with symptoms including fever, difficulty in breathing, cough and invasive lesions on both lungs) of unknown cause have emerged in the central Chinese city of Wuhan. Chinese authorities made a preliminary determination that the causative agent is a novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV). (1) Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses belonging to Coronaviridae family and the order Nidovirales. This subfamily consists of four genera alphacoronavirus, betacoronavirus, gammacoronavirus and deltacoronavirus on the basis of their phylogenetic relationships and genomic structures. These subfamilies are broadly distributed for causing infections in humans and other mammals. (2) The alphacoronaviruses and betacoronaviruses infect only mammals. The gammacoronaviruses and deltacoronaviruses infect birds, but some of them can also infect mammals. The source of betacoronavirus 2019-nCoV is still unknown, although initial cases have been linked with south Huanan seafood market. (3) Viral infections already known to produce similar symptoms are influenza, parainfluenza, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV). (4) Laboratory investigations reported raised plasma levels of L2, IL7, IL10, GSCF, IP10, MCP1, MIP1A, and TNFα in patients

Hubungan Insomnia sebagai Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Hipertensi di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gang Sehat Kecamatan Pontianak Selatan

Latar Belakang: Secara global hipertensi merupakan penyebab kematian nomor satu didunia. Insomnia merupakan salah satu faktor resiko hipertensi.Tujuan: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan insomnia sebagai faktorrisiko terjadinya hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gang Sehat Kecamatan PontianakSelatan.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik dengan pendekatan case control. Carapengambilan sampel adalah dengan teknik non-probability sampling (consecutivesampling) dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 90 subjek. Pengukuran yang dilakukan meliputi tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik serta status insomnia berdasarkan kriteria Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Fourth-edition Text Revision (DSM-IVTR). Berdasarkan kriteria DSM-IV TR, subjek dikelompokkan dalam 2 kategori, yakniinsomnia dan non-insomnia. Berdasarkan nilai tekanan darah, subjek dikelompokkandalam 2 kategori, yakni non-hipertensi (normal dan prahipertensi) dan hipertensi (hipertensi derajat 1 dan 2). Data dianalisis menggunakan program Statistical Product andService Solution.Hasil: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna secara statistik antara insomnia dan kejadianhipertensi (P < 0,043). Odds Ratio [OR] dan interval kepercayaan 95% [IK]) terjadinyahipertensi pada penderita insomnia adalah (OR 2,95; IK 1,01 – 8,53).Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara insomnia dan hipertensi.Insomnia merupakan faktor resiko hipertensi. Dalam hal ini, penderita insomniamempunyai resiko mengalami hipertensi 2,9 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan subjekyang tidak menderita insomnia.Kata Kunci: hipertensi, Insomnia Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Tanjungpura,Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat Bagian Penyakit Dalam RSUD dr. Sudarso, Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat Departemen Kedokteran Komunitas, Program Studi Pendidikan Dokter, FakultasKedokteran, Universitas Tanjungpura, Pontianak, Kalimantan Bara

Topological spin liquids: Robustness under perturbations

We study the robustness of the paradigmatic kagome Resonating Valence Bond (RVB) spin liquid and its orthogonal version, the quantum dimer model. The non-orthogonality of singlets in the RVB model and the induced finite length scale not only makes it difficult to analyze, but can also significantly affect its physics, such as how much noise resilience it exhibits. Surprisingly, we find that this is not the case: The amount of perturbations which the RVB spin liquid can tolerate is not affected by the finite correlation length, making the dimer model a viable model for studying RVB physics under perturbations. Remarkably, we find that this is a universal phenomenon protected by symmetries: First, the dominant correlations in the RVB are spinon correlations, making the state robust against doping with visons. Second, reflection symmetry stabilizes the spin liquid against doping with spinons, by forbidding mixing of the initially dominant correlations with those which lead to the breakdown of topological order.Comment: v2: accepted versio

The Refined Topological Vertex

We define a refined topological vertex which depends in addition on a parameter, which physically corresponds to extending the self-dual graviphoton field strength to a more general configuration. Using this refined topological vertex we compute, using geometric engineering, a two-parameter (equivariant) instanton expansion of gauge theories which reproduce the results of Nekrasov. The refined vertex is also expected to be related to Khovanov knot invariants.Comment: 70 Pages, 23 Figure

Analysis of two-player quantum games in an EPR setting using geometric algebra

The framework for playing quantum games in an Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) type setting is investigated using the mathematical formalism of Clifford geometric algebra (GA). In this setting, the players' strategy sets remain identical to the ones in the classical mixed-strategy version of the game, which is then obtained as proper subset of the corresponding quantum game. As examples, using GA we analyze the games of Prisoners' Dilemma and Stag Hunt when played in the EPR type setting.Comment: 20 pages, no figure, revise