14 research outputs found
Amélioration de la qualité de l'effluent d'une station d'épuration des eaux usées via l'élevage de carpes
Lâeffet dâun Ă©levage de carpes argentĂ©es (Hypophthamichthys molitrix Val.) et de carpes herbivores (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) sur la qualitĂ© de lâeffluent dâun systĂšme de traitement de type technologie des bassins Ă haut rendement (TBHR) a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ© durant une pĂ©riode de 100 jours. LâexpĂ©rience a Ă©tĂ© menĂ©e au niveau dâun bassin dâĂ©levage de carpes argentĂ©es et herbivores recevant lâeffluent de la station dâĂ©puration des eaux usĂ©es de lâInstitut Agronomique et VĂ©tĂ©rinaire Hassan II Ă Rabat (Maroc). Ce bassin dâĂ©levage des carpes sâest avĂ©rĂ© efficace dans lâamĂ©lioration de la qualitĂ© de lâeffluent de la TBHR. Les matiĂšres en suspension (MES) ont connu un taux dâabattement de 42%, avec une rĂ©duction de leur fraction organique de 44%. Le phytoplancton (99.95% du plancton total) et le zooplancton ont connu des taux dâabattement plus importants (75%). Les taux dâabattement des demandes chimique et biochimique en oxygĂšne (DCO et DBO5) et de leurs fractions particulaires sont restĂ©s trĂšs proches (42 Ă 49%). Lâazote total (NT) a connu un taux dâabattement faible (24%). Par contre, le taux dâabattement de sa fraction particulaire a atteint 56%
Impact du sédiment des bassins de maturation sur les performances d'abattement des coliformes fécaux
La station dâĂ©puration des eaux usĂ©es domestiques de lâInstitut Agronomique et VĂ©tĂ©rinaire Hassan II de Rabat comprend une unitĂ© anaĂ©robie, un chenal algal Ă haut rendement (CAHR) et deux bassins de maturation (M1 et M2) en sĂ©rie. Au dĂ©part en 1997, M1 et M2 rĂ©unis assuraient un taux dâabattement moyen de 1,5 unitĂ© logarithmique (U.log10) avec une concentration rĂ©siduelle moyenne de 5800 CF/100 ml. Mais une chute progressive des performances des deux bassins au cours du temps a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. De 1997 Ă 2001, le taux dâabattement est passĂ© de 0,98 Ă 0,2 U.log10 pour M1 et de 0,55 Ă 0,003 U.log10 pour M2 avec une concentration rĂ©siduelle de 105 CF/100 ml. Le curage de ces bassins, Ă la fin de 2001, a permis le retour aux performances de 1997. LâhypothĂšse dâune attĂ©nuation des conditions dĂ©favorables Ă la survie des CF suite Ă la formation du sĂ©diment est avancĂ©e. En fait, au niveau du sĂ©diment constituĂ© principalement dâalgues mortes, une activitĂ© hĂ©tĂ©rotrophe est constatĂ©e. Celle-ci du CO2 et consomme de lâO2. Elle sâoppose ainsi aux fortes remontĂ©es des valeurs de pH et de lâoxygĂšne dissous qui sont Ă lâorigine de la mortalitĂ© des CF. La durabilitĂ© des performances de ce systĂšme dans lâabattement des CF passe donc impĂ©rativement par un meilleur contrĂŽle de la croissance algale et par une minimisation du sĂ©diment dans les bassins de maturation
Ălevage de la carpe argentĂ©e (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) et de la carpe herbivore (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) dans des eaux usĂ©es domestiques Ă©purĂ©es
The possibility of silver (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.)
breeding in a pond of fish culture receiving the HRPTS [High Rate Ponds Technology System] effluent was
studied. The experiment was achieved at the wastewater treatment plant of the "Institut Agronomique &
Vétérinaire Hassan II" in Rabat (Morroco). No supplementary food was added to the fish pond. During a study
period of 100 days, the silver carp production was very important (1.2 kg.m-3), with a low mortality rate (12%).
The individual mean weight increased from 13 to 113 g, with a mean weight gain of 1 g.day-1. The grass carp
production showed a very low production (0.05 kg.m-3) and a high mortality rate (up to 46%). The individual meanweight changed from 2 to 36 g, with a mean weight gain of 0.34 g.day-1.
Key words: Treated wastewater - Silver carp - Grass carp - Fish production - MoroccoLa possibilitĂ© de rĂ©aliser lâĂ©levage de la carpe argentĂ©e (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Val.) et de la carpe herbivore (Ctenopharyngodon idella Val.) dans un bassin alimentĂ© par lâeffluent dâune station dâĂ©puration de type technologie des bassins Ă haut rendement (TBHR) sans utilisation de nourriture supplĂ©mentaire a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e Ă la station dâĂ©puration des eaux usĂ©es de lâInstitut Agronomique et VĂ©tĂ©rinaire Hassan II Ă Rabat. Durant une pĂ©riode dâĂ©levage de 100 jours, la production en carpe argentĂ©e a Ă©tĂ© trĂšs importante (1,2 kg.m-3), avec un taux de mortalitĂ© trĂšs faible (12%). Le poids moyen par individu est passĂ© de 13 Ă 113 g, avec un gain de poids moyen de 1 g.j-1. La production de la carpe herbivore a Ă©tĂ© trĂšs faible (0,05 kg.m-3) avec un taux de mortalitĂ© de 46%. Le poids moyen par individu est passĂ© de 2 Ă 36 g, avec un gain de poids moyen de 0,34 g.j-1.
Mots clés: Eaux usées épurées - Carpe argentée - Carpe herbivore - Production de poisson - Maro
Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study
Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised
Global variation in postoperative mortality and complications after cancer surgery: a multicentre, prospective cohort study in 82 countries
Background: 80% of individuals with cancer will require a surgical procedure, yet little comparative data exist on early outcomes in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared postoperative outcomes in breast, colorectal, and gastric cancer surgery in hospitals worldwide, focusing on the effect of disease stage and complications on postoperative mortality. Methods: This was a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of consecutive adult patients undergoing surgery for primary breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer requiring a skin incision done under general or neuraxial anaesthesia. The primary outcome was death or major complication within 30 days of surgery. Multilevel logistic regression determined relationships within three-level nested models of patients within hospitals and countries. Hospital-level infrastructure effects were explored with three-way mediation analyses. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03471494. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and Jan 31, 2019, we enrolled 15 958 patients from 428 hospitals in 82 countries (high income 9106 patients, 31 countries; upper-middle income 2721 patients, 23 countries; or lower-middle income 4131 patients, 28 countries). Patients in LMICs presented with more advanced disease compared with patients in high-income countries. 30-day mortality was higher for gastric cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (adjusted odds ratio 3·72, 95% CI 1·70â8·16) and for colorectal cancer in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (4·59, 2·39â8·80) and upper-middle-income countries (2·06, 1·11â3·83). No difference in 30-day mortality was seen in breast cancer. The proportion of patients who died after a major complication was greatest in low-income or lower-middle-income countries (6·15, 3·26â11·59) and upper-middle-income countries (3·89, 2·08â7·29). Postoperative death after complications was partly explained by patient factors (60%) and partly by hospital or country (40%). The absence of consistently available postoperative care facilities was associated with seven to 10 more deaths per 100 major complications in LMICs. Cancer stage alone explained little of the early variation in mortality or postoperative complications. Interpretation: Higher levels of mortality after cancer surgery in LMICs was not fully explained by later presentation of disease. The capacity to rescue patients from surgical complications is a tangible opportunity for meaningful intervention. Early death after cancer surgery might be reduced by policies focusing on strengthening perioperative care systems to detect and intervene in common complications. Funding: National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit