To study outcome of surgical management of distal 3rd and proximal 3rd fractures of tibia in adults using expert tibial nails

Background: Tibia is most commonly fractured long bone. Within few years population of India and number of vehicles has increased very much. This has lead to manifold increase in not only rate of tibia fracture but also in complexity of fracture. Using interlocking nail in tibial fracture with short proximal and distal fragment render it unstable leading to frequent loss of reduction causing malunion. Multidirectional interlocking screws ensure that alignment can be well maintained and stability preserved in short proximal or distal tibial segments.Methods: A prospective, non randomized study was conducted comprising of 30 patients of proximal and distal 1/3rd fracture of tibia in, Department of Orthopaedics, Bokaro General Hospital. The method used for fracture fixation was open/closed reduction and internal fixation with expert tibial nail. The duration of study was June 2013 to June 2016. The data thus obtained was evaluated in terms of mode of injury, associated injury, fracture pattern, etc. Also outcome was measured and complication were evaluated and treated. Functional outcome was evaluated using hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score.Results: All 30 patient were followed up successfully during period of 3 years. The mean duration of radiological union in this study was 20.6 weeks, though it ranged from 18 to 26 weeks. 8 patients developed some complication in form of superficial infection, malunion etc but none of the patient had non-union of fractured bone. On the basis of hospital for special surgery (HSS) knee score13 patients had excellent results; 9 had good results, 05 had fair results and 3 had poor result. Mean HSS knee score was 82.3 (SD 15.3) after 3 years of follow up.Conclusions: Expert tibial interlocking nail is good treatment option for distal and proximal 1/3 fracture of tibia especially in non intra-articular facture. It can be used in simple intra-articular fracture but additional hardware is required

Chebyshev Type Inequalities Involving the Fractional Integral Operator Containing Multi-Index Mittag-Leffler Function in the Kernel

Recently, several authors have investigated Chebyshev type inequalities for numerous fractional integral operators. Being motivated by the work done by earlier researchers and their numerous applications in probability, transform theory, numerical quadrature, statistical problems and its significance in fractional boundary value problems. We aim to evaluate Chebyshev type inequalities involving fractional integral operator containing multi-index Mittag-Leffler function in the kernel. Admissible connections of the results mentioned in this article to those associated with previously established familiar fractional integral operators have been pointed out

Rare earth (RE - Ce, Gd) modified Nd<inf>1-x</inf>RE<inf>x</inf>FeAsO<inf>0.7</inf>F<inf>0.3</inf> superconductor with enhanced magneto-transport properties

The influence of rare earth (RE – Ce, Gd) doping at the Nd site in the NdFeAsO0.7F0.3 superconductor wherein Ce and Gd have ionic radii in the order Ce &gt; Nd &gt; Gd is investigated.The authors P. M. Aswathy J. B. Anooja and Neson Varghese acknowledge the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) for providing fellowship. The authors acknowledge CSIR 12th Five Year Plan Project, “Sustainable technologies for the Utilization of Rareearths (SURE),” (No. CSC0132) and Department of Science & Technology (DST) for financial support.This is the accepted manuscript. The final version is available at http://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2015/RA/c5ra02499d#!divAbstract

Buffer pellets for high-yield, top-seeded melt growth of large grain Y-Ba-Cu-o superconductors

Single-grain, (RE)–Ba–Cu–O [(RE)BCO)] bulk high-temperature superconductors have significant potential for application as trapped field magnets in a range of engineering devices. However, it is not trivial to fabricate single grains of (RE)BCO due to the complexity of the growth process, especially when the sample diameter exceeds 25 mm. In particular, difficulties associated with the seed crystal can lead to poor grain growth or to complete growth failure. We have employed an optimized buffer technique, which was determined by optimizing targeted critical parameters of the buffer pellet, including the choice of the buffer pellet composition and its aspect ratio, for the reliable fabrication of large, single grains of (RE)BCO. Potential candidates for the buffer pellet composition have been identified to yield successful grain growth and good superconducting properties. The optimum aspect ratio of the buffer pellet was also determined as part of this study. The optimized buffer pellet capped with the seed crystal has been demonstrated to work effectively as an efficient seed crystal and to aid significantly the growth of the Y-123 phase. We show that this optimized buffer technique ameliorates problems associated with both interfacial stress (commonly occurring at the seed/sample interface) and problems of grain contamination. We have fabricated a 40.8 mm diameter single-grain bulk superconductor and more than 25 single-grain YBCO samples with diameters in the range 25–35 mm by a significantly improved top-seeded melt growth process.The authors are grateful to the King Abdulaziz City of Science and Technology (KACST), Saudi Arabia, and to the Engineering and Physical Sciences research Council (EPSRC) for financial support of this research.This is the final published version. It first appeared at http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/cg501813y

Development and validation of new analytical method for the simultaneous estimation of omeprazole and domperidone in pharmaceutical dosage form by UV spectrophotometry

A simple, rapid and precise method was developed for the quantitative simultaneous determination of Omeprazole and Domperidone in combined pharmaceutical-dosage forms. The method was based on UV-Spectrophotometric determination of two drugs, using simultaneous equation method. It involves absorbance measurement at 291 nm (λmax of Omeprazole) and 289 nm (λmax of Domperidone) in Methanol: Acetonitrile (30:70 v/v). For UV Spectrophotometric method, linearity was obtained in concentration range of 1-15 µg/ml for Domperidone and 1-50 µg/ml for Omeprazole respectively, with regression 0.999 and 0.999 for Domperidone and Omeprazole respectively. Recovery was in the range of 99 -103%; the value of standard deviation and %R.S.D were found to be &lt; 2 %; shows the high precision of the method., in accordance with ICH guidelines. The method has been successively applied to pharmaceutical formulation and was validated according to ICH guidelines

Electric Vehicle Energy Management: Charging in Sustainable Urban Settings for Smart Cities

The evolution of smart cities has ushered in a new era of sustainable urban living, with energy management at its core. This paper offers a comprehensive review of the energy-related planning and operational models within the smart city framework, categorizing them into five primary intervention areas: generation, storage, infrastructure, facilities, and transport. The intricate relationship between smart cities and electric vehicles (EVs) is explored, emphasizing the need for robust charging infrastructures and forecasting peak loads. As the adoption of EVs surges, challenges such as power grid strain, voltage fluctuations, and power losses become more pronounced. Innovative solutions leveraging machine learning, including techniques like LSTM, DNN, and SVM, have been proposed to manage EV charging, ensuring efficiency and minimizing costs. Furthermore, the integration of EVs into smart cities is not without its challenges. Beyond the technical aspects, economic, social, and environmental challenges arise, necessitating a holistic approach for seamless integration. This review underscores the importance of a multifaceted strategy, encompassing all aspects of EV integration, to realize the vision of truly sustainable and smart urban centres

Use of thiopurines in inflammatory bowel disease : an update

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), once considered a disease of the Western hemisphere, has emerged as a global disease. As the disease prevalence is on a steady rise, management of IBD has come under the spotlight. 5-Aminosalicylates, corticosteroids, immunosuppressive agents and biologics are the backbone of treatment of IBD. With the advent of biologics and small molecules, the need for surgery and hospitalization has decreased. However, economic viability and acceptability is an important determinant of local prescription patterns. Nearly one-third of the patients in West receive biologics as the first/initial therapy. The scenario is different in developing countries where biologics are used only in a small proportion of patients with IBD. Increased risk of reactivation of tuberculosis and high cost of the therapy are limitations to their use. Thiopurines hence become critical for optimal management of patients with IBD in these regions. However, approximately one-third of patients are intolerant or develop adverse effects with their use. This has led to suboptimal use of thiopurines in clinical practice. This review article discusses the clinical aspects of thiopurine use in patients with IBD with the aim of optimizing their use to full therapeutic potential.Peer reviewe

Recent Ancestry of Kyasanur Forest Disease Virus

Clinicians in Asia should consider this disease when diagnosing acute febrile illnesses

MDA5 and PTPN2, two candidate genes for type 1 diabetes, modify pancreatic β-cell responses to the viral by-product double-stranded RNA

β-Cell destruction in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is at least in part consequence of a ‘dialog’ between β-cells and immune system. This dialog may be affected by the individual's genetic background. We presently evaluated whether modulation of MDA5 and PTPN2, two candidate genes for T1D, affects β-cell responses to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), a by-product of viral replication. These genes were selected following comparison between known candidate genes for T1D and genes expressed in pancreatic β-cells, as identified in previous array analysis. INS-1E cells and primary fluorescence-activated cell sorting-purified rat β-cells were transfected with small interference RNAs (siRNAs) targeting MDA5 or PTPN2 and subsequently exposed to intracellular synthetic dsRNA (polyinosinic–polycitidilic acid—PIC). Real-time RT–PCR, western blot and viability assays were performed to characterize gene/protein expression and viability. PIC increased MDA5 and PTPN2 mRNA expression, which was inhibited by the specific siRNAs. PIC triggered apoptosis in INS-1E and primary β-cells and this was augmented by PTPN2 knockdown (KD), although inhibition of MDA5 did not modify PIC-induced apoptosis. In contrast, MDA5 silencing decreased PIC-induced cytokine and chemokine expression, although inhibition of PTPN2 induced minor or no changes in these inflammatory mediators. These findings indicate that changes in MDA5 and PTPN2 expression modify β-cell responses to dsRNA. MDA5 regulates inflammatory signals, whereas PTPN2 may function as a defence mechanism against pro-apoptotic signals generated by dsRNA. These two candidate genes for T1D may thus modulate β-cell apoptosis and/or local release of inflammatory mediators in the course of a viral infection by acting, at least in part, at the pancreatic β-cell level