199 research outputs found
Implementation of a novel antimicrobial stewardship strategy for rural facilities utilising telehealth
A significant portion of healthcare takes place in small hospitals, and many are located in rural and regional areas. Facilities in these regions frequently do not have adequate resources to implement an onsite antimicrobial stewardship programme and there are limited data relating to their implementation and effectiveness. We present an innovative model of providing a specialist telehealth antimicrobial stewardship service utilising a centralised service (Queensland Statewide Antimicrobial Stewardship Program) to a rural Hospital and Health Service. Results of a 2-year post-implementation follow-up showed an improvement in adherence to guidelines [33.7% (95% CI 27.0â40.4%) vs. 54.1% (95% CI 48.7â59.5%)] and appropriateness of antimicrobial prescribing [49.0% (95% CI 42.2â55.9%) vs. 67.5% (95% CI 62.7â72.4%) (P < 0.001). This finding was sustained after adjustment for hospitals, with improvement occurring sequentially across the years for adherence to guidelines [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.44, 95% CI 1.70â3.51] and appropriateness of prescribing (aOR = 2.48, 95% CI 1.70â3.61). There was a decrease in mean total antibiotic use (DDDs/1000 patient-days) between the years 2016 (52.82, 95% CI 44.09â61.54) and 2018 (39.74, 95% CI 32.76â46.73), however this did not reach statistical significance. Additionally, there was a decrease in mean hospital length of stay (days) from 2016 (3.74, 95% CI 3.08â4.41) to 2018 (2.55, 95% CI 1.98â3.12), although this was not statistically significant. New telehealth-based models of antimicrobial stewardship can be effective in improving prescribing in rural areas. Programmes similar to ours should be considered for rural facilities
cDNA cloning of a 30 kDa erythrocyte membrane protein associated with Rh (Rhesus)-blood-group-antigen expression
Protein-sequence studies on Rh-related polypeptides suggest the presence of at least two groups of proteins which associate in the human red-cell membrane
Isolation of cDNA clones for a 50 kDa glycoprotein of the human erythrocyte membrane associated with Rh (rhesus) blood-group antigen expression
The Great Separation: Top Earner Segregation at Work in High-Income Countries
Analyzing linked employer-employee panel administrative databases, we study the evolving isolation of higher earners from other employees in eleven countries: Canada, Czechia, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Japan, Norway, Spain, South Korea, and Sweden. We find in almost all countries a growing workplace isolation of top earners and dramatically declining exposure of top earners to bottom earners. We compare these trends to segregation based on occupational class, education, age, gender, and nativity, finding that the rise in top earner isolation is much more dramatic and general across countries. We find that residential segregation is also growing, although more slowly than segregation at work, with top earners and bottom earners increasingly living in different distinct municipalities. While work and residential segregation are correlated, statistical modeling suggests that the primary causal effect is from work to residential segregation. These findings open up a future research program on the causes and consequences of top earner segregation.En nous appuyant sur des donnĂ©es administratives longitudinales employeurâemployĂ©s, nous analysons lâĂ©volution de la sĂ©grĂ©gation sociale des salariĂ©s Ă hauts salaires dans onze pays: Allemagne, Canada, CorĂ©e du Sud, Danemark, Espagne, France, Hongrie, Japon, NorvĂšge, RĂ©publique tchĂšque et SuĂšde. Nous constatons dans presque tous les pays une forte augmentation de lâentre soi des salariĂ©s bien payĂ©s sur le lieu de travail et une diminution spectaculaire de leur exposition aux bas salaires. Nous comparons ces tendances Ă lâĂ©volution de la sĂ©grĂ©gation fondĂ©e sur la catĂ©gorie sociale, lâĂ©ducation, lâĂąge, le sexe et le statut migratoire, et nous constatons que lâaugmentation de lâentre soi des hauts salaires est celle qui est la plus prononcĂ©e et la plus gĂ©nĂ©rale. Nous montrons que la sĂ©grĂ©gation rĂ©sidentielle se dĂ©veloppe aussi, bien que plus lentement que la sĂ©grĂ©gation au travail, avec les hauts et les bas salaires vivant de plus en plus dans des municipalitĂ©s distinctes. SĂ©grĂ©gation au travail et sĂ©grĂ©gation rĂ©sidentielle sont corrĂ©lĂ©es. Mais nos modĂšles statistiques suggĂšrent aussi que la principale relation de causalitĂ© va de la sĂ©grĂ©gation au travail vers la sĂ©grĂ©gation rĂ©sidentielle. Ces rĂ©sultats ouvrent la voie Ă un futur programme de recherche sur les causes et les consĂ©quences de la sĂ©grĂ©gation des hauts salaires.1 Introduction 2 From ethnic residential segregation to earnings segregation at work 3 Administrative data for estimating exposure measures 4 A strong increase in earnings segregation at work 5 A robust trend 17 French robustness tests 6 A specific trend 7 The link between work and residential segregation 8 Elements for a research program on the causes and consequences of increasing segregation at work The roots of growing earnings segregation at work The consequences of growing earnings segregation at work Appendices A1 Data sources and sample definition A2 Demonstration of the symmetry of relative exposure gRh = hRg A3 Figure construction A4 French robustness checks Supplementary figures and tables Reference
Structures of tetrasilylmethane derivatives (XMe2Si)2C(SiMe3)2 (X = H, Cl, Br) in the gas phase, and their dynamic structures in solution
The structures of the molecules (XMe2Si)2C(SiMe3)2, where X = H, Cl, Br, have been determined by gas electron diffraction (GED) using the SARACEN method of restraints, with all analogues existing in the gas phase as mixtures of C1- and C2-symmetric conformers. Variable temperature 1H and 29Si solution-phase NMR studies, as well as 13C NMR and 1H/29Si NMR shift correlation and 1H NMR saturation transfer experiments for the chlorine and bromine analogues, are reported. At low temperatures in solution there appear to be two C1 conformers and two C2 conformers, agreeing with the isolated-molecule calculations used to guide the electron diffraction refinements. For (HMe2Si)2C(SiMe3)2 the calculations indicated six conformers close in energy, and these were modeled in the GED refinement
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Robots and Organization Studies: Why Robots Might Not Want to Steal Your Job
A number of recent high-profile studies of robotics and artificial intelligence (or AI) in economics and sociology have predicted that many jobs will soon disappear due to automation, with few new ones replacing them. While techno-optimists and techno-pessimists contest whether a jobless future is a positive development or not, this paper points to the elephant in the room. Despite successive waves of computerization (including advanced machine learning), jobs have not disappeared. And probably wonât in the near future. To explain why, some basic insights from organization studies can make a contribution. I propose the concept of âbounded automationâ to demonstrate how organizational forces mould the application of technology in the employment sector. If work does not vanish in the age of AI, then poorly paid jobs will most certainly proliferate, I argue. Finally, a case is made for the scholarly community to engage with wider social justice concerns. This I term public organization studies
The double [3+2] photocycloaddition reaction
One of a synthetic organic chemistsâ greatest challenges is to create step-efficient routes toward compounds with high molecular complexity. Therefore, reactions such as the meta
photocycloaddition of an olefin to a benzene derivative, which provide more than one bond in a single step are of significant importance. It this remarkable reaction three new Ï bonds, three new rings and up to six new stereocenters are formed simultaneously. Additional complexity can be added by tethering the two reacting partners together and this form of the reaction has found many uses in natural product synthesis.
In this work a remarkable double [3+2] photocycloaddition reaction is reported that results in the formation of a complex cis, cis, cis, trans-[5, 5, 5, 5] fenestrane derivative from a simple flat aromatic acetal with two branching alkenes. During this dramatic transformation four carboncarbon bonds, five new rings and seven new stereocenters are created in a single one-pot process using only UV light. The reaction occurs in a sequential manner from the linear meta photocycloadduct, via a secondary [3+2] addition of the alkene across the cyclopropane of the adduct. In addition, an angular meta photocycloadduct also produced in the initial addition step, undergoes an alternative fragmentation-translocation photoreaction to afford a silphinene-like angular tricyclic compound.
In this work the investigation of this newly discovered process is discussed via the synthesis and subsequent irradiation of a series of photosubstrates containing different functional groups in the arene-alkene tether. In addition, attempts toward the synthesis of alternative structures using the same double [3+2] photocycloaddition are reported
Intensive community care services for children and young people in psychiatric crisis: an expert opinion.
BACKGROUND: Children and young people's (CYP) mental health is worsening, and an increasing number are seeking psychiatric and mental health care. Whilst many CYPs with low-to-medium levels of psychiatric distress can be treated in outpatient services, CYPs in crisis often require inpatient hospital treatment. Although necessary in many cases, inpatient care can be distressing for CYPs and their families. Amongst other things, inpatient stays often isolate CYPs from their support networks and disrupt their education. In response to such limitations, and in order to effectively support CYPs with complex mental health needs, intensive community-based treatment models, which are known in this paper as intensive community care services (ICCS), have been developed. Although ICCS have been developed in a number of settings, there is, at present, little to no consensus of what ICCS entails. METHODS: A group of child and adolescent mental health clinicians, researchers and academics convened in London in January 2023. They met to discuss and agree upon the minimum requirements of ICCS. The discussion was semi-structured and used the Dartmouth Assertive Community Treatment Fidelity Scale as a framework. Following the meeting, the agreed features of ICCS, as described in this paper, were written up. RESULTS: ICCS was defined as a service which provides treatment primarily outside of hospital in community settings such as the school or home. Alongside this, ICCS should provide at least some out-of-hours support, and a minimum of 90% of CYPs should be supported at least twice per week. The maximum caseload should be approximately 5 clients per full time equivalent (FTE), and the minimum number of staff for an ICCS team should be 4 FTE. The group also confirmed the importance of supporting CYPs engagement with their communities and the need to remain flexible in treatment provision. Finally, the importance of robust evaluation utilising tools including the Children's Global Assessment Scale were agreed. CONCLUSIONS: This paper presents the agreed minimum requirements of intensive community-based psychiatric care. Using the parameters laid out herein, clinicians, academics, and related colleagues working in ICCS should seek to further develop the evidence base for this treatment model
Hormonal signaling in cnidarians : do we understand the pathways well enough to know whether they are being disrupted?
Author Posting. © The Author, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Springer for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Ecotoxicology 16 (2007): 5-13, doi:10.1007/s10646-006-0121-1.Cnidarians occupy a key evolutionary position as basal metazoans and are ecologically
important as predators, prey and structure-builders. Bioregulatory molecules (e.g.,
amines, peptides and steroids) have been identified in cnidarians, but cnidarian signaling
pathways remain poorly characterized. Cnidarians, especially hydras, are regularly used
in toxicity testing, but few studies have used cnidarians in explicit testing for signal
disruption. Sublethal endpoints developed in cnidarians include budding, regeneration,
gametogenesis, mucus production and larval metamorphosis. Cnidarian genomic
databases, microarrays and other molecular tools are increasingly facilitating mechanistic
investigation of signaling pathways and signal disruption. Elucidation of cnidarian
signaling processes in a comparative context can provide insight into the evolution and
diversification of metazoan bioregulation. Characterizing signaling and signal disruption
in cnidarians may also provide unique opportunities for evaluating risk to valuable
marine resources, such as coral reefs
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