Competencias ciudadanas en la educaci?n inicial

100 P?ginasRecurso Electr?nicoEl proyecto de investigaci?n se dio gracias a los aportes de diferentes te?ricos, e investigadores que permitieron reconocer la importancia de las competencias ciudadanas en la educaci?n. Esta propuesta, se desarroll? con ni?@s de nivel transici?n del Colegio Musical La Divina Infancia trav?s de un proceso de investigaci?n formativa y empleando la metodolog?a cualitativa de corte etnogr?fico as? como la Investigaci?n - Acci?n; logrando la caracterizaci?n de discursos y pr?cticas pedag?gicas que circulan en dicha instituci?n. A trav?s de este proceso, se realizaron actividades l?dico-pedag?gicas creadas en base a las necesidades de los ni?os y ni?as; despertando en ellos un gran inter?s, permitiendo as? la participaci?n din?mica y constante de los infantes, facilitando la interacci?n y socializaci?n, creando v?nculos y espacios que permitieran el reconocimiento del otro. De igual manera, se ejecutaron talleres empleando t?cnicas e instrumentos esenciales a la investigaci?n cualitativa, como lo es la observaci?n, la entrevista, Diario de Campo, revisiones documentales e interacci?n con los diferentes miembros de la comunidad educativa, especialmente con los responsables de fortalecer las competencias ciudadanas en los ni?os y ni?as, como lo son los docentes y padres de familia, concientiz?ndolos de la importancia de formar seres humanos con valores ?ticos y morales, los cuales aprendan a convivir en paz y armon?a. El proyecto pretende ofrecer distintas alternativas pedag?gicas para el desarrollo de las competencias ciudadanas en la educaci?n preescolar, como un trabajo conjunto entre escuela y familia, impactando con hechos reales y demostrando que si es posible una educaci?n de calidad.ABSTRACT. The project of research was carried out through the contributions of the different theorists, Pedagogues and researchers that allowed to recognize the importance of the citizenship skills in the Education. This purpose was developed with children of preschool level of the Musical School La Divina Infancia through a process of Formative Research and using the qualitative methodology of ethnographic section as the Research - Action; achieving the characterization of speeches and pedagogical practices that circulate in the above mentioned institution. Through this process, ludic - pedagogical activities were realized which were created on base of the needs of the children; evoking in them a great interest, thus allowing the dynamic and constant participation of the infants, facilitating the interaction and socialization, creating links and spaces which permit the recognition of the other one.INTRODUCCION 14 1. PLANTEAMIENTO DEL PROBLEMA 17 1.1 DESCRIPCI?N DEL PROBLEMA 17 1.2 FORMULACI?N DEL PROBLEMA 19 2. OBJETIVOS 20 2.1OBJETIVO GENERAL 20 2.2 OBJETIVOS ESPEC?FICOS 20 3. JUSTIFICACI?N 21 4. MARCO REFERENCIAL 24 4.1 ANTECEDENTES 24 4.2 MARCO TEORICO 27 4.2.1 Competencias ciudadanas 27 4.2.2 Grupos competencias ciudadanas 28 4.2.2.1 Pluralidad, identidad y valoraci?n de diferencias 30 4.2.3 Desde el preescolar, pluralidad, identidad y valoraci?n de diferencias 30 4.2.3.1 Pluralidad en el preescolar. 31 4.2.3.2 Identidad en el preescolar. 32 4.2.3.3 Valoraci?n de las diferencias en el preescolar 33 4.3 MARCO CONTEXTUAL 35 4.4 MARCO LEGAL 43 4.4.1 A nivel internacional 44 4.4.2 A nivel nacional 45 4.4.3 A nivel institucional 49 5. METODOLOG?A 52 5.1 ESTRUCTURA METODOLOGICA 52 5.1.2Descripci?n fase I. Caracterizaci?n de los discursos y pr?cticas pedag?gicas que circulan en la instituci?n educativa de ni?os menores de 7 a?os. 53 5.1.3 Descripci?n fase II. Intervenci?n: los sentidos pedag?gicos de los proyectos de intervenci?n. 57 5.2 AN?LISIS DE RESULTADOS 59 5.2.1 Validez. 60 5.2.2 Confiabilidad 63 5.3 EVALUACI?N Y SEGUIMIENTO 63 5.3.1 Fase 1.Caracterizaci?n de las pr?cticas que se ejercen y de los discursos que circulan sobre la educaci?n de los ni?os y ni?as menores de siete a?os 64 5.3.2 Fase 2.Los sentidos pedag?gicos de los proyectos de intervenci?n. 68 6. EL PROYECTO DE INTERVENCION PEDAGOGICA 73 6.1 ESQUEMA GENERAL 73 6.2 ACTIVIDADES INTEGRADORAS DEL PROYECTO DE INTERVENCION 74 6.2.1 Actividades para directivos y docentes. 74 6.2.2 Actividades para padres de familia. 76 6.2.3 Actividades integradoras para ni?os. 77 6.3EXPERIENCIA PEDAGOGICA 79 CONCLUSIONES 83 RECOMENDACIONES 86 REFERENCIAS 87 ANEXOS 9

Avaliação do desempenho de um modelo de estimativa de saldo de radiação em algumas culturas.

Avaliou-se o desempenho do método de estimativa do saldo de radiação proposto por ALLEN, 1998, em experimentos de culturas de girassol, amendoim, café, limão e grama, através de regressões lineares com base nos indicadores estatísticos coeficiente de correlação r?, índice de Willmott ?d? e índice de desempenho ?c?. Segundo os critérios de avaliação do índice ?c?, o método proposto por ALLEN, 1998 representa de forma satisfatória os dados de saldo de radiação, sendo obtidos os desempenhos equivalentes a 0,79 (muito bom) para as culturas de girassol e grama e de 0,96; 0,86 e 0,88 (ótimo) para as culturas de amendoim, café e limão, respectivamente.CBA 2009

Balanço de energia em amendoim irrigado.

O presente estudo utilizou o método do balanço de energia através da razão de Bowen para estimar os fluxos de calor latente (LE) e sensível (H) a partir de medidas do saldo de radiação (Rn), fluxo do calor do solo (G) e gradientes psicométricos (com termopares) em dois cultivares amendoim (Arachis hypogaea L.) irrigado. Os resultados indicam que a partição de Rn em fluxos de LE, H e G varia durante o ciclo, principalmente em função do desenvolvimento vegetativo da cultura. O método da razão de Bowen propiciou medidas de consumo hídrico coerentes com a cultura do amendoim (valores médios de 6 mm.dia-1 para ambos os cultivares).CBA 2009

Outbreak Of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella Pneumoniae In A Neonatal Unit In Colombia

Six multiresistant, NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were recovered from an outbreak that affected six neonatal patients in a Colombian hospital. Molecular analysis showed that all of the isolates harbored the blaNDM-1, qnrA, and intI1 genes and were clonally related. Multilocus sequence typing showed that the isolates belonged to a new sequence type (ST1043) that was different from the sequence types that had previously been reported. This is the first report of NDM-1-producing isolates in South America

Na+/Ca(2+ )Exchanger a Druggable Target to Promote beta -Cell Proliferation and Function

An important feature of type 2 diabetes is a decrease in <i>β</i> -cell mass. Therefore, it is essential to find new approaches to stimulate <i>β</i> -cell proliferation. We have previously shown that heterozygous inactivation of the Na <sup>+</sup> /Ca <sup>2+</sup> exchanger (isoform 1; NCX1), a protein responsible for Ca <sup>2+</sup> extrusion from cells, increases <i>β</i> -cell proliferation, mass, and function in mice. Here, we show that <i>Ncx</i> 1 inactivation also increases <i>β</i> -cell proliferation in 2-year-old mice and that NCX1 inhibition in adult mice by four small molecules of the benzoxyphenyl family stimulates <i>β</i> -cell proliferation both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> . NCX1 inhibition by small interfering RNA or small molecules activates the calcineurin/nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway and inhibits apoptosis induced by the immunosuppressors cyclosporine A (CsA) and tacrolimus in insulin-producing cell. Moreover, NCX1 inhibition increases the expression of <i>β</i> -cell-specific genes, such as <i>Ins1, Ins2,</i> and <i>Pdx</i> 1, and inactivates/downregulates the tumor suppressors retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and miR-193a and the cell cycle inhibitor p53. Our data show that Na <sup>+</sup> /Ca <sup>2+</sup> exchange is a druggable target to stimulate <i>β</i> -cell function and proliferation. Specific <i>β</i> -cell inhibition of Na <sup>+</sup> /Ca <sup>2+</sup> exchange by phenoxybenzamyl derivatives may represent an innovative approach to promote <i>β</i> -cell regeneration in diabetes and improve the efficiency of pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of the disease

STUDY OF THE O-18+Ni-64 TWO-NEUTRON TRANSFER REACTION AT 84 MeV BY MAGNEX

A study of the two-neutron transfer reaction of the O-18 + Ni-64 system at 84 MeV incident energy to the ground and first 2(+) excited state of the residual Ni-66 nucleus is presented. The experiment was performed at the INFN-LNS (Italy) by using the large acceptance MAGNEX spectrometer. Theoretical models are used in order to disentangle the competition between long-range and short-range correlations

Long-range versus short-range correlations in the two-neutron transfer reaction Ni 64 (O 18, O 16) Ni 66

Recently, various two-neutron transfer studies using the (18O,16O) reaction were performed with a large success. This was achieved because of a combined use of the microscopic quantum description of the reaction mechanism and of the nuclear structure. In the present work we use this methodology to study the two-neutron transfer reaction of the 18O+64Ni system at 84 MeV incident energy, to the ground and first 2+ excited state of the residual 66Ni nucleus. All the experimental data were measured by the large acceptance MAGNEX spectrometer at the Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare \u2013Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (Italy). We have performed exact finite range cross section calculations using the coupled channel Born approximation (CCBA) and coupled reaction channel (CRC) method for the sequential and direct two-neutron transfers, respectively. Moreover, this is the first time that the formalism of the microscopic interaction boson model (IBM-2) was applied to a two-neutron transfer reaction. From our results we conclude that for two-neutron transfer to the ground state of 66Ni, the direct transfer is the dominant reaction mechanism, whereas for the transfer to the first excited state of 66Ni, the sequential process dominates. A competition between long-range and short-range correlations is discussed, in particular, how the use of two different models (Shell model and IBM's) help to disentangle long- and short-range correlations

Aeromonas no processamento de queijos tipos Minas Frescal e Colonial.

Resumo: Com o objetivo de estabelecer, durante o processamento do queijo Minas Frescal e Colonial os possíveis pontos de contaminação e a forma de disseminação de bactérias do gênero Aeromonas, foram analisados, quanto à presença do micro-organismo, diferentes produtos e pontos do fluxograma de produção. Para o Queijo Minas Frescal, Aeromonas spp. foram isoladas no leite cru, leite pasteurizado, ambiente de produção e nas mãos dos manipuladores. A. caviae foi a espécie mais frequentemente identificada, sendo também isoladas A. sobria e A. schubertii. Durante o processamento do queijo Colonial, as espécies A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. sobria, A. veronii e A. jandaei foram isoladas a partir da água, mãos dos manipuladores, utensílios, leite cru e após tratamento térmico e de massa coagulada. Os resultados demonstram que o gênero Aeromonas encontra-se disseminado nas diferentes etapas do processamento de queijos, destacando-se o leite cru como principal fonte de contaminação para o processamento industrial e artesanal. [Aeromonas in processing line of Minas Frescal and Colonial cheeses]. Abstract: The aim of this study is to establish possible contamination points and dissemination forms of the bacteria genus Aeromonas during the processing of the Brazilian cheeses Minas Frescal and Colonial. Therefore, different products and production points of the process were analyzed to determine the presence of the microorganism. In Minas Frescal cheese, Aeromonas spp. was isolated in raw and pasteurized milk, in the environment and on the handlers? hands. A. caviae was the most frequently identified species, but A. sobria and A. schubertii were also isolated. During the processing of Colonial cheese, the species A. hydrophila, A. caviae, A. sobria, A. veronii and A. jandaei were isolated in the water, raw milk, after thermal treatment and curd, as well as on the handlers' hands and utensils. The results showed that the genus Aeromonas is disseminated throughout different stages of both cheese processes while the raw milk stands out as the main source of contamination in the industrial and handmade processing