Rule Extraction from Support Vector Machines: Measuring the Explanation Capability Using the Area under the ROC Curve

Recently, the area of rule extraction from support vector machines (SVMs) has been explored. One important indication of the success of a rule extraction method is the performance of extracted rules as compared to the original SVM. In this paper, we describe the use of the area under the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC) to assess the quality of rules extracted from an SVM. In particular, we directly compare AUC to the more commonly used measures of accuracy and fidelity and show that AUC is both a more reliable and meaningful measure to use

Interferometric studies in curved thin films

If we consider the general case of two intersecting spherical surfaces of different radii of curvature, then as each of the radii of curvature increases without limit along the line joining the centre of the corresponding sphere to a fixed point on the line of intersection, the two intersecting surfaces tend in the limit to two planes forming a wedge. If one of the radii of curvature increases without limit and the other remains constant, the first surface tends to a plane and we have the case of an interferometer consisting of a plane and a spherical surface. A lens-plate interferometer is a special case when the plane is tangential to the spherical surface. An arbitrary surface and a plane could be considered to be an extension of the previous simple case. If the two spherical surfaces are concentric, we have a spherically curved thin film of uniform thickness, a central section through which is identical with the section perpendicular to the axis of a cylindrically curved thin film. As the radii of curvature increase without limit, the interferometer tends to two planeparallel surfaces. By evaporating a highly reflecting semi transparent metallic film on Both components of these interferometers, multiple beam interference fringes are obtained. Their intensity distribution approaches a Fabry-Perot distribution with the result that there is extreme sharpness of the fringes.Localization arises from the difference in angles of emergence of the beams leaving the two sides of the interferometer. This depends on the difference in angles of incidence at the first and second surfaces of the interferometer. In the case of a wedge, for incident parallel light, the angles of incidence at the first and second surfaces are constant and their difference is equal to the wedge angle. The interferometer gap t varies along the wedge. It satisfies the linear relation t = y tan where y is the distance measured from the apex along one of the components. In the case of a lens-plate interferometer, a slight variation in the angle of incidence occurs along the curved surface. The interferometer gap t is related to y by the second order equation t2- 2Rt = y2. For cylindricallycurved thin films, the angles of incidence at bothsurfaces vary from nearly while theirdifference as well as the interferometer gap remain constant. Tolansky (1) applied and developed multiple bean interference to both the cases of a lens-plate and an arbitrary surface plate interferometers. The latter is case of Fizeau fringes.The present work deals with the theory of formation and properties of localized fringes obtained by cylindrically curved thin films. Their application to isotropic, uniaxial and biaxial media is considered in detail.<p

Polymorphisme de l’apolipoprotéine E dans la population du nord du Maroc: fréquence et influence sur les paramètres lipidiques

Introduction: L'objectif de ce travail est de déterminer les fréquences alléliques et génotypiques des sites polymorphes situés dans le gène de l'apolipoprotéine E (apo E) ainsi que leur impact sur les paramètres cliniques et lipidiques dans un échantillon de la population du nord du Maroc cliniquement diagnostiqué ADH. Méthodes: Le génotype de l'apo E a été analysé par séquençage direct chez 46 patients cliniquement diagnostiqués ADH selon les critères standards. Résultats: Les fréquences des allèles epsilon 3, epsilon 2 et epsilon 4 ont été respectivement 78.3%, 2.2% et 19.6%. La fréquence de l'allèle epsilon 4 est très élevée chez la population du nord du Maroc en comparaison avec les populations des autres régions marocaines. Elle est similaire à celle rapportée dans les pays de l'Europe du nord. Les taux du cholestérol total, du cholestérol LDL ainsi que la présence des xanthomes et les maladies cardiovasculaires ne différent pas entre les génotypes de l'apoE. En revanche, les résultats ont montré une influence de l'allèle epsilon4 sur le taux des triglycérides chez les sujets obèses. Conclusion: Le génotype de l'apoE ne peut expliquer le phénotype clinique et biochimique présenté par des patients du Nord du Maroc cliniquement diagnostiqués ADH.Key words: Paramètres lipidiques, Maladies cardiovasculaires, Polymorphisme génétique, Gène APO

Pressurization of Liquid Oxygen Containers Progress Report No. 7, Nov. 1963 - Nov. 1964

Pressurization of liquid oxygen containers - cryogenic fluid boiling under high and low gravity, liquid hydrogen boiling, injection cooling, and two-dimensional heat transfe

Criterion for polynomial solutions to a class of linear differential equation of second order

We consider the differential equations y''=\lambda_0(x)y'+s_0(x)y, where \lambda_0(x), s_0(x) are C^{\infty}-functions. We prove (i) if the differential equation, has a polynomial solution of degree n >0, then \delta_n=\lambda_n s_{n-1}-\lambda_{n-1}s_n=0, where \lambda_{n}= \lambda_{n-1}^\prime+s_{n-1}+\lambda_0\lambda_{n-1}\hbox{and}\quad s_{n}=s_{n-1}^\prime+s_0\lambda_{k-1},\quad n=1,2,.... Conversely (ii) if \lambda_n\lambda_{n-1}\ne 0 and \delta_n=0, then the differential equation has a polynomial solution of degree at most n. We show that the classical differential equations of Laguerre, Hermite, Legendre, Jacobi, Chebyshev (first and second kind), Gegenbauer, and the Hypergeometric type, etc, obey this criterion. Further, we find the polynomial solutions for the generalized Hermite, Laguerre, Legendre and Chebyshev differential equations.Comment: 12 page

Antiknock Properties and Volatility Criteria of Some Gasoline-Butanol Blends

Antinock properties and volatility criteria were studied for all-hydrocarbon gasoline before and after blending with 8 and 12 volume percent n-and iso-butanol. Composition and specifications of the hydrocarbon- base gasoline and the formulated gasoline- oxygenate blends, were determined through gas chromatographic analysis and the standard test methods. The effects of n-and iso-butanol addition on driveability performance and volatility criteria, were studied. Keywords: oxygenated gasoline, gasoline-butanol blend volatility criteria, antiknock properties.

Exercise during pregnancy. A narrative review asking: What do we know?

Although there is no consensus as to whether exercise is beneficial during pregnancy, most studies report it poses no risk to either the mother or the fetus, and many suggest it to be beneficial to both. This review, which examines the evidence available, also reveals the many differences in study design followed, the type of exercise undertaken and the variables measured, which make it difficult to compare results. Advances in our understanding of the effects of exercise during pregnancy might best be made by undertaking randomised clinical trials with standardised protocols. However, most of the studies examining the relationship between exercise and pregnancy report no complications on maternal or fetal well-being. This is also in line with recent review studies advising that the pregnant population without obstetric contraindications should be encouraged to exercise during pregnancy. Therefore, the results of the present review stimulate those responsible for the healthcare of the pregnant woman to recommend moderate exercise throughout pregnancy without risk to maternal and fetal health

On the dilaton and the axion potentials

We extend the Vecchia-Veneziano-Witten (VVW) model of QCD in the chiral limit and for large colour number $N_c$, by introducing an effective dilaton-gluon coupling from which we derive both the axion and dilaton potentials. Furthermore, using a string inspired model, we determine a new interquark potential as a perturbative series in terms of the interquark distance $r$. Our potential goes beyond Dick one obtained in [8] and shares the same features as the Bian-Huang-Shen potential $V_{BHS}$ which depends only on odd powers of $r$ [22].Comment: 15 pages, Late

EFFECT OF LEAD AND CADMIUM IN IRRIGATION WATER AND FOLIAR APPLIED MALIC ACID ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH, FLOWERING AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SALVIA SPLENDENS PLANTS (B) EFFECT OF CADMIUM

The present study was carried-out at Antoniadis Botanical Garden Research Branch, Horticultural Research Institute, A.R.C. Alexandria, Egypt during the two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of irrigation water contaminated with cadmium on Salvia splendens plants grown in a sandy soil, for possibilities of using malic acid spray treatments to overcome the effects of lead pollution. Seedlings of Salvia splendens were individually planted in plastic pots (20 cm diameter) filled with 5 kg of sandy soil. Four concentrations of cadmium 0,100, 200 and 300 mg/l were applied in the irrigation water. The plants were sprayed with malic acid at concentrations of 0, 250 and 500 mg/l at monthly internals in both seasons. The results showed that for vegetative and flowering growth parameters, there was no significant interaction between cadmium concentrations and foliar spray by malic acid, while significant reduction were observed in all parameters after irrigation with contaminated water with cadmium and significant increase in vegetative and flowering growth parameters were observed after 250 mg/l malic acid application. For chlorophyll and carbohydrate content the significantly highest value was obtained from plants irrigated with tap water and sprayed with 500 mg/l malic acid while the significantly highest cadmium content in leaves, stem and roots was obtained due to the treatment of 300 mg/l without application of malic acid