Registration and Measurement of Right and Left Mediotrusion by using the Method of Electronic Axiography

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to register and measure lower jaw movements and to analyse the measured length of maximal right and left mediotrusion movement in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A symptomatic group consisted of 51 subjects with temporomandibular disorders. A control group consisted of 43 subjects without signs and symptoms of temporomandibular joint disorders. In the symptomatic group of subjects signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were crepitation, bruxism, sensitivity, pain in the temporomandibular joint and muscles, as well as pain and sensitivity in the region surround and anterior to the ear, together with difficulties while opening the mouth. Each subject was registered by the GAMMA CADIAX system for registration of positions and movement of the lower jaw, which consist of a convetional SAM axiograph, electronic device for drawing of curves with a computer. RESULTS. No significant differences were found between the groups of subject for the measured variables. CONCLUSION. The results of the length of the mandibular and condyle movements are important, alhough unreliable indicators of temporomandibular join function. Description analysis of a graphic recording of mandibular and TMJ movement remains a precise evaluation method for determination of TMJ dysfunction

Control and Correction of Occlusal Relations of Complete Dentures

Control and correction of occlusal relations are a constituent part of clinical and laboratory procedures of complete denture fabrication. Denture materials and fabrication procedures cannot ensure dimensionally correct complete dentures, and therefore it is necessary to check the occlusion. A remount procedure is carried out in order to establish correct occlusal contacts of denture teeth by mounting the finished dentures back on the articulator. There are several reasons for remounting: changed volume of the acrylic resin during polymerisation, dimensional changes in the early days of wearing due to water absorption in the acrylic base and placement of denture bases to the denture foundation area. Remounting starts with fabrication of transfer casts, determination and transfer of interarch relations to the articulator. When the dynamic concept of occlusion is chosen, priority is given to incisor or canine teeth guided occlusion. Remounting should be a constituent part of complete denture fabrication. Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology. Republic of Croatia, Project No. 065010

Control and Correction of Occlusal Relations of Complete Dentures

Control and correction of occlusal relations are a constituent part of clinical and laboratory procedures of complete denture fabrication. Denture materials and fabrication procedures cannot ensure dimensionally correct complete dentures, and therefore it is necessary to check the occlusion. A remount procedure is carried out in order to establish correct occlusal contacts of denture teeth by mounting the finished dentures back on the articulator. There are several reasons for remounting: changed volume of the acrylic resin during polymerisation, dimensional changes in the early days of wearing due to water absorption in the acrylic base and placement of denture bases to the denture foundation area. Remounting starts with fabrication of transfer casts, determination and transfer of interarch relations to the articulator. When the dynamic concept of occlusion is chosen, priority is given to incisor or canine teeth guided occlusion. Remounting should be a constituent part of complete denture fabrication. Supported by Ministry of Science and Technology. Republic of Croatia, Project No. 065010

Extracting non-linear integrate-and-fire models from experimental data using dynamic I–V curves

The dynamic I–V curve method was recently introduced for the efficient experimental generation of reduced neuron models. The method extracts the response properties of a neuron while it is subject to a naturalistic stimulus that mimics in vivo-like fluctuating synaptic drive. The resulting history-dependent, transmembrane current is then projected onto a one-dimensional current–voltage relation that provides the basis for a tractable non-linear integrate-and-fire model. An attractive feature of the method is that it can be used in spike-triggered mode to quantify the distinct patterns of post-spike refractoriness seen in different classes of cortical neuron. The method is first illustrated using a conductance-based model and is then applied experimentally to generate reduced models of cortical layer-5 pyramidal cells and interneurons, in injected-current and injected- conductance protocols. The resulting low-dimensional neuron models—of the refractory exponential integrate-and-fire type—provide highly accurate predictions for spike-times. The method therefore provides a useful tool for the construction of tractable models and rapid experimental classification of cortical neurons

Vibration stabilization for a cantilever magnet prototype at the subnanometer scale

In the future linear colliders, the size of the beams is in the nanometer range, which requires stabilization of the final magnets before the interaction point. In order to guarantee the desired luminosity, an absolute displacement lower than 1/3 of the beam size, above a few hertz, has to be obtained. This paper describes an adapted instrumentation, the developed feedback loops dedicated to the active compensation and an adapted modelling able to simulate the behaviour of the structure. The obtained results at the subnanometer scale at the free end of a cantilever magnet prototype with a combination of the developed active compensation method and a commercial active isolation system are described

Análisis espacial y ambiental de lecherías infectadas con Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis en Antioquia (Colombia)

The present study aimed to describe the spatial distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy herds, and to detail environmental variables taken as reference of the physical background of the study area, specifically those related to MAP-qPCR positive herds located in six municipalities of the Northern region of the Province of Antioquia (Colombia), based on environmental sampling and qPCR analysis. The study herds (n = 386) were located in 63 different districts from six municipalities. Participant herds were visited once between June and October (2016) to collect an environmental sample, and identification of MAP was achieved using a duplex quantitative real-time PCR method. Rainfall trends, day and nighttime surface temperature, and vegetation cover index were taken as environmental references of the physical background of the study area. In addition, distribution maps of MAP-qPCR positive and negative herds, as well as maps of temperature variations and vegetation cover, were constructed. As results, there was an increase in MAP-positive herds in the North-West, South, and Southeast of the study area. An overall high rainfall regime was found and day- and nighttime surface temperatures showed important variations during sampling months. No evidence of management of the vegetation cover was found, in both pastures and areas with native vegetation, except for a conservancy area. In conclusion, the general environmental conditions, where the detection of MAP-positive herds is most likely to happen, were reported herein, considering approaches using the same (or a very approximate) sample collection and handling, and molecular detection method.El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la distribución espacial de Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis (MAP) en hatos lecheros, y detallar variables ambientales tomadas como referencia de los antecedentes físicos del área de estudio, específicamente aquellas relacionadas con los hatos positivos por MAP-qPCR, ubicados en seis municipios de la región norte de la Provincia de Antioquia (Colombia), de acuerdo con el muestreo ambiental y análisis por qPCR. Los hatos del estudio (n = 386) se ubicaron en 63 distritos diferentes de seis municipios. Los hatos participantes fueron visitados una vez entre junio y octubre (2016) para recolectar una muestra ambiental, y la identificación de MAP se logró utilizando un método de PCR cuantitativa dúplex en tiempo real. Las tendencias de lluvia, la temperatura de la superficie diurna y nocturna, y el índice de cobertura vegetal se tomaron como referencias ambientales del entorno físico del área de estudio. Además, se construyeron mapas de distribución de hatos positivos y negativos a MAP-qPCR, así como mapas de variaciones de temperatura y cobertura vegetal. Como resultado, hubo un aumento en los hatos positivos para MAP en el noroeste, sur y sudeste del área de estudio. Se encontró un régimen general de alta precipitación y las temperaturas superficiales diurnas y nocturnas mostraron variaciones importantes durante los meses de muestreo. No se encontró evidencia de manejo de la cubierta vegetal, tanto en pastizales como en áreas con vegetación nativa, excepto en un área de conservación. En conclusión, se reportan las condiciones Recibido: mmmm_AAAA / Aceptado: mmmm_AAAA 11ambientales generales, donde es más probable que ocurra la detección de hatos positivospara MAP, considerando enfoques que utilizan el mismo método de recolección (o uno muyaproximado), el manejo de muestras y el método de detección molecular

Spatial and environmental analysis of Mycobacterium avium infected dairies in Antioquía (Colombia)

The present study aimed to describe the spatial distribution of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in dairy herds, and to detail environmental variables taken as refer- ence of the physical background of the study area, specifically those related to MAP-qPCR positive herds located in six municipalities of the northern region of the Province of Antioquia (Colombia), based on environmental sampling and qPCR analysis. The study herds (n = 386) were located in 63 different districts from six municipalities. Participant herds were visited once between June and October (2016) to collect an environmental sample, and iden- tification of MAP was achieved using a duplex quantitative real-time PCR method. Rainfall trends, day and nighttime surface temperature, and vegetation cover index were taken as environmental references of the physical background of the study area. In addition, distribution maps of MAP-qPCR positive and negative herds, as well as maps of temperature variations and vegetation cover, were constructed. As a result, there was an increase in MAP-positive herds in the North-West, South, and Southeast of the study area. An overall high rainfall regime was found and day- and nighttime surface temperatures showed important variations during sampling months. No evidence of management of the vegetation cover was found, in both pastures and areas with native vegetation, except for a conservancy area. In conclusion, the general environmental conditions, where the detection of MAP-positive herds is most likely to happen, were reported herein, considering approaches using the same (or a very ap- proximate) sample collection and handling, and molecular detection method

Influence of Occlusal Interference on the Prevalence of Temporomandibular Disorders

The significance of occlusal interference in the etiology of temporomandibular disorders has been questioned in numerous recent articles. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of the clinical signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders in a young male nonpatient population and to investigate a possible association between the signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders and occlusal interference. A questionnaire including data from history and clinical functional examination was used in the study. All subjects (a total of 230) were male (army recruits), of 19 to 28 years of age (mean 21.3). Temporomandibular joint clicking was reported in 91 subjects, temporomandibular joint pain on palpation and functional loading in 78 subjects, masticatory muscle pain on palpation and functional loading in 58 subjects, tension type headache in 30 subjects, and mandibular deviation on opening and closing movements greater than 2 mm in 43 subjects. The prevalence of occlusal interference in percentage in 230 young adults, 65% had no occlusal interference during examination of the functional state of occlusion, while 14%subjects had centric slide between centric relation and maximum intercuspation, 5% subjects had working side interference and 16% subjects had non-working side interference during lateral and protrusive mandibular movements. Clinical signs and symptoms were correlated with occlusal interference, although their correlation cannot be considered unique or dominant in definition of a temporomandibular disorder population

The location of the axon initial segment affects the bandwidth of spike initiation dynamics

The dynamics and the sharp onset of action potential (AP) generation have recently been the subject of intense experimental and theoretical investigations. According to the resistive coupling theory, an electrotonic interplay between the site of AP initiation in the axon and the somato-dendritic load determines the AP waveform. This phenomenon not only alters the shape of AP recorded at the soma, but also determines the dynamics of excitability across a variety of time scales. Supporting this statement, here we generalize a previous numerical study and extend it to the quantification of the input-output gain of the neuronal dynamical response. We consider three classes of multicompartmental mathematical models, ranging from ball-and-stick simplified descriptions of neuronal excitability to 3D-reconstructed biophysical models of excitatory neurons of rodent and human cortical tissue. For each model, we demonstrate that increasing the distance between the axonal site of AP initiation and the soma markedly increases the bandwidth of neuronal response properties. We finally consider the Liquid State Machine paradigm, exploring the impact of altering the site of AP initiation at the level of a neuronal population, and demonstrate that an optimal distance exists to boost the computational performance of the network in a simple classification task. Copyright