Some aspects of free radical polymerisation in UV-curing

Various quinoxalines,in association with N-methyld-iethanolamine as synergist, were used to initiate the polymerisation of acrylates. It was found that the quinoxalines where used with amine synergist are efficient Type II initiators. It was also found that the cure of the acrylate is faster when oxygen is present in the reaction mixture than when it is absent.The photoinitiating efficiency of 2-Methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2- morpholinopropane-1-one (IRG-907) was compared to different initiators using RllRspectroscopy and N-Isopropylmorpholine(IPM) was used as a model to investigate the properties of the morpholino sustit.uent present in IRG-907. It was shown by RTIR spectroscopy, photocalorimetry,bulk polymerisation and the curing of thin films that 1PM acts as a physical quencher for the triplet state of IRG-907 and that it is a very poor hydrogen donor. Sensitisation of IRG-907 by lix was also investigated and it wasconfirmed that lix can sensitise the -cleavage of 1RG907. Photoinduced fragmentation of aminoalcohols by quinoxalines are discussed and the reactivity of the aminoalcohols reflect their ability to undergo electron transfer and to fragment.A wide range of aminoalcohols were synthesised and used as synergist in the polymerisation of a number of acrylates using different methods and the photoyellowing and photooxidation of aminoalcohols were also investigated.Some mixed acrylate-cinnamate systems were prepared to investigate a new dual cure system.The conversion percentage was found to be very low.The lack of cure is probably due to the cinnamates are scavenging the benzoyl radicals

erythro-2-Morpholino-1,2-diphenylethanol

The title compound, C18H21NO2, consists of two aromatic rings and a morpholine ring attached to an ethanol moiety. The molecule is non-planar. There is an intramolecular O-H...N hydrogen bond

erythro-2-Piperidinyl-1,2-diphenylethanol

The molecule of the title compound, C19H23NO, contains two phenyl rings and a piperidinyl ring. The dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 40.99 (5)degrees. The piperidine ring has a chair conformation. There is an intramolecular O-H...N hydrogen bond

Evaluation of specialist training in basic sciences in two university medical schools: Perspectives from both specialist residents and trainers [Ege ve dokuz eylül üniversitesi tip fakültelerinde temel tip bilimlerinde uygulanan uzmanlik egitiminin egitici ve egitilen bakiş açisi ile degerlendirilmesi]

PubMed ID: 17205691A questionnaire survey has been undertaken to evaluate the specialist training in basic sciences in view of both specialist residents (SpRs) and trainers of two university medical schools in İzmir, Turkey. Seventy four SpRs (39 from Dokuz Eylül and 35 from Ege Universities) and 15 basic science units (8 from Dokuz Eylül and 7 from Ege Universities) were joined in this survey. The response rate was 73% for SpRs and 86.7% for basic science units. Technical equipments, the number of trainers, education programmes and training equipments of basic science units have been found adequate both by SpRs and trainers. However, professional education has been found incapable. In basic science units, it was seen that the SpRs are permanently assessed and attended the investigation activities during educational process. The trainers expressed that the SpRs have got training knowledge, skills and attitute sufficiently, but SpRs answered that they have got them in moderate means. In conclusion, although the training programmes of SpRs in both of the university hospitals have been found competent, SpRs indicated that there is a need for development of trainers quality, assessing methods and rotational education programmes in basic science

Universality in gelation of epoxy acrylate with various photoinitiators: a photo differential scanning calorimetric study

Photo-differential scanning calorimetric (Photo-DSC) technique was used to study the gelation of P-3038 (epoxy acrylate (EA) 75% and tripropyleneglycoldiacrylate (TPGDA) 25%) in the presence of various thioxanthone-based initiators, namely, thioxanthone (TX), 5-thia-naphtacene-12-one (TX-NP), 2-(carboxymethoxy) thioxanthone (TX-OCH2COOH), 2-thioxanthone-thioacetic acid (TX-SCH2COOH), and 2-mercaptothioxanthone (TX-SH). Photopolymerization reactions were performed under identical conditions of temperature, initiator concentration, and UV light intensity. Photo-DSC technique allowed us to monitor the gelation, without disturbing the system mechanically, and to test the universality of the gelation as a function of some kinetic parameters like initiator concentration. During gelation, it was observed that all conversion curves present a good sigmoidal behavior by predicting to employ percolation model. Observations around the glass transition point, t(g) shows that the gel fraction exponents beta obeyed the percolation picture. On the other hand, t(g) was found to be much higher for the crosslinked networks obtained with TX-OCH2COOH and TX-SCH2COOH initiators than those with the other initiators

The Bad Bug is Back: Acinetobacter Baumannii Bacteremia Outbreak during the COVID-19 Pandemic in an Intensive Care Unit

Background: Epidemiology of nosocomial infections may show variability because of under-estimation of infection control measures (ICMs) in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) outbreak. Aim: To investigate the Acinetobacter bacteremia outbreak developed in an intensive care unit (ICU) between March 20 to May 15, 2020, examine the risk factors, and re-evaluate ICM retrospectively. Material and Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted to determine the risk factors, pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for analysis of the outbreak, ICM practices were observed by a team, and infection control interventions were undertaken. Results: Acinetobacter bacteremia developed in 17 patients (21.5%) within 79 COVID-19 patients included in the study. The mean age of the bacteremic patients was 67.3 (SD = 14.82) years, and 82.4% of them were male; of these, 15 died, leading to 88.2% mortality. The bacteremia rate was higher compared with a 14-month period preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (17/79 versus 12/580 patients, respectively). PFGE revealed that the outbreak was polyclonal. On multi-variate analysis, the bacteremia development rate was 13.7 and 5.06 times higher with central venous catheter (CVC) use and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), respectively. The mortality rate was higher in bacteremic patients (p = 0.0016). It was observed that ICMs were not followed completely, especially change of gloves and hand hygiene. Contamination of A. baumannii was observed in 38% of the gloves. Conclusion: COPD and CVC use were determined as risk factors for Acinetobacter bacteremia development, and failures in ICM may have led to cross-contamination of endemic A. baumannii. The outbreak could be controlled within 3 weeks of interventions