Health Citizenship Attitudes among Social Studies Teachers of Post-Primary Education in Sultanate of Oman: Role of the Demographic Variables in the COVID-19 Pandemic Context

ملخص: أجريت هذه الدراسة لاستكشاف اتجاهات المواطنة الصحيّة لدى معلمي الدراسات الاجتماعية في مرحلة التعليم ما بعد الأساسي في سلطنة عُمان، ولفحص أثر بعض المتغيرات الديموغرافية والشخصية في سياق جائحة كوفيد-19. تكوّنت عينة الدراسة من (ن=200) معلّم ومعلمّة دراسات اجتماعية يعملون في أربع محافظات: مسقط، والباطنة شمال، والباطنة جنوب، والداخلية. واستندت الدراسة إلى المنهج الوصفي التحليلي. وبُني مقياس اتجاهات المواطنة الصحيّة وطوّر بحيث تضمن ثلاثة أبعاد: المعرفة بالمواطنة الصحيّة، والتزام قيم المواطنة الصحيّة، والمشاركة في تعزيز قيم المواطنة الصحيّة. أُجري التحقق من الصدق الظاهري والثبات لأداة الدراسة باستخدام صدق المُحكّمين ومعامل الاتساق الداخلي، فبلغت قيمة ألفا كرونباخ (0.90=α). وأظهرت النتائج أن مستوى اتجاهات المواطنة الصحيّة لدى المعلمين كان إيجابيًّا ومرتفعًا، فقد بلغ المتوسط الحسابي والنسبة المئوية للدرجة الكلية (م=3.88، 77.6%)، وللمعرفة بالمواطنة الصحيّة (م=4.17، 83.4%)، وللمشاركة في تعزيز قيم المواطنة الصحيّة (م=3.93، 78.6%)، وللالتزام بسلوكيات المواطنة الصحيّة (م=3.54، 70.8%). كما كشفت النتائج وجود فروق دالّة إحصائياً في مستوى اتجاهات المواطنة الصحيّة تعود إلى متغيرات الجنس، ومعدل متابعة أخبار كوفيد-19، والمحافظة التعليمية، وعدم وجود فروق تُعزى إلى متغيري التخصص، ومدى التزام الإجراءات الوقائية.Abstract: This study explored the Health Citizenship Attitudes among social studies teachers in post-primary education stage in Sultanate of Oman, besides examining the impact of some demographic and personal variables. The sample consisted of (N =200) teachers. The descriptive analytical design method was used. Health Citizenship Attitudes Scale was developed to include knowledge of health citizenship, commitment to health citizenship values, and participation in promoting health citizenship values. The Face validity, and reliability of scale were also verified, using expert judges and the internal consistency coefficient that showed a reliable value of Cronbach's alpha (α =0.90). The results showed that the level of health citizenship attitudes among teachers was positive and high, with the mean and percentage of the total scale score (M = 3.88, 77.6%), and for knowledge of health citizenship (M = 4.17, 83.4%), for participation in promoting values of Health citizenship (M=3.93, 78.6%), and commitment to health citizenship behaviors (M=3.54, 70.8%). The results also revealed that there were statistically significant differences to variables of gender, rate of following Covid-19 news, educational governorate, and no differences were found regarding the variables of major and extent of commitment to preventive measures

Startegi Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar Siswa SD X di Salatiga Ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar dan Kedisiplinan

Pendidikan formal dimulai dari tahap sekolah dasar dimana seorang anak mendapatkan semua informasi yang dialami dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Luas wilayah Indonesia yang sangat luas menjadi salah satu faktor kurangnya kemerataan kualitas, mutu dan sumberdaya yang ada. Kualitas pendiidkan dapat dilihat dari hasil belajar siswa. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil belajar adalah motivasi belajar dan kedisiplinan. Kedua hal tersebut memiliki keterkaitan satu sama lain terhasap hasil belajar. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan sebuah penelitian tentang apa strategi yang dilakukan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa SD X di Salatiga ditinjau dari motivasi belajar dan kedisiplinan. Untuk mendapatkan jawaban dari pertanyaan di atas maka dilakukan sebuah penelitian dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara dan pengambilan nilai sebagai hasil belajar siswa. Setelah data dianalisis dapat diketahui bahwa data tersebut normal sehingga dilakukan tindak lanjut dengan medan ggunakan uji normalitas data menggunakan metode stepwise. Uji tersebut menghasilkan faktor yang paling mempengaruhi hasil belajar siswa adalah disiplin. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang dilakukan, maka perlu dilakukan treatment khusus pada disiplin siswa sehingga dapat berpengaruh juga pada hasil belajar

Tele Alert System Based on ECG Signal Using Virtual Instruments Environment

This manuscript addresses the design and implementation of a portable PC-based ECG device. Three electrodes are often employed for ECG recording, with two of them being connected to the patient's chest via the ECG amplifiers' differential inputs. Therefore, every stage of the design takes into account factors like low cost, low power consumption, portability, and simplicity of usage. In this system, the ATMEL Company's ATMEGA 328 low-power microcontroller is investigated for signal processing and delivering digital format to a PC through a serial connection, where it is then displayed utilizing LabVIEWTM SP1 software ( The released version in Feb. 2022). A portable tool that can capture, amplify, filter, and analyze biological signals is this one ECG. The intended device's target beneficiary was the intensive care unit

Morphological identification of scorpion species from Jazan and Al-Medina Al-Munawara regions, Saudi Arabia

The present work is a complementary contribution to the comprehensive study of the scorpion sting syndrome in Saudi Arabia. It deals with the identification and determination of medically important scorpions and the other ones, which were collected from two regions (Jazan and Al-Medina Al-Munawara), based on their morphology (the molecular phylogeny and venom characteristics will appear in subsequent publications). The specimens collected from those two regions were brought to the Research Center laboratories in several batches. Morphological identification of the collected specimens was done employing identification keys. There were 646 specimens collected from Jazan Region. A single species, Nebo hierichonticus (Family Diplocentridae), and five genera with four identified species, Parabuthus liosoma, Hottentotta jayakari (salei?), Compsobuthus werneri, Leiurus quinquestriatus (Vachoniolus globimanus?), Vachoniolus spp. (other species) and Orthochirus innesi (Family Buthidae), were classified as extant scorpions in the region. Three hundred and ninety-six specimens from Al-Medina Al-Munawara Region were categorized into eight groups; four of them were identified. Three buthids, Leiurus quinquestriatus, Androctonus crassicauda, Orthochirus innesi and one scorpion specimen, Scorpio maurus, were identified and classified as extant scorpions in this region. The other four species are still not completely identified. They are Vachoniolus (Buthacus minipectinibus?) globimanus? (Unidentified-1), Compsobuthus spp (arabicus?) (Unidentified-2), Compsobuthus spp (werneri?) (Unidentified-3) and a single specimen of Androctonus spp (australis?) (Unidentified-4), all of which belong to the family Buthidae

Antibiotic resistant bacteria in terrestrial and aquatic environments: A review

Antibiotic resistant bacteria have become increasingly widespread in environment and their prevalence is a serious problem for health. The rise and spread of this resistance is primarily due to overuse of antibiotics in clinical therapeutics and as growth promoters for livestock. Overuse undermines the usefulness of antibiotics by giving a selective advantage to microbes that are resistant. The problem has been exacerbated by the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to multiple antibiotics, and by the ability of these resistance determinants to spread horizontally between different bacteria via horizontal gene transfer. Such transfer can, for example, take place in the guts of farm animals, which can become reservoirs of multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria (MARB). Antibiotics and MARB enter the environment via wastewater, especially from hospitals and pharmaceutical plants, and through agricultural runoff, leading to contamination of surface and ground water. This is a serious problem in arid regions such as Oman where wastewater is recycled for irrigation and recharging aquifers. Even treatment with chlorine does not completely remove bacteria from wastewater or prevent their re-growth in downstream distribution systems. MARB can reach humans via contaminated food and drinking water, or directly from the environment. Agricultural runoff and sewage, either treated or untreated, are also the main sources of antibiotic resistant bacteria in coastal sea water. It is necessary to use antibiotics more prudently in medicine, treat wastewater more effectively, eliminate the discharge of untreated waste into the environment, and curtail the profligate use of antibiotics as growth promoters for livestock.Â

A study of Immunoglobulins,Complements and Some Hematological Parameters Levels in Thalassemic Patients in Related Bacterial Infections

Background: Thalassemia and abnormal hemoglobin are the most common genetic disorders and are considered health problems in many developing countries. Beta-Thalassemia major is the most familiar type, in which the beta-globin chain synthesis is impaired. Objective: To evaluation the concentrations of immunoglobulins  IgM, IgG and  IgA also the complements  C3 and C4 between β-Thalassimic children patients and control group, and find the differences of some hematological parameters between the two  groups, finally, isolation of some bacterial species causes the bacterial infections. Patients and Methods: The present study was performed on 40 β-thalassemia major children who were registered in the thalassemia center at Al-Karama teaching hospital in Baghdad and 20 healthy children as a control group from the period of September 2015-Augest 2016, the serum immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA) and complement C3, C4 levels were measured also blood culture was done to identify the causative infection. Results: The mean serum concentrations of IgM, IgG and IgA in β-thalassemia major children were 1834.1 ± 312.2, 134.5 ± 40.3 and 212.7±89.6, respectively, and they were increased significantly (p≤0.05). The mean serum concentrations of C3 and C4 were consistently decreased in children and there were no significant differences (p≤0.05) between the two groups. The mean Hb of β- thalassemic children was 8.32±0.91 g/dl  and this lower from the level of control, RBC count is also low 3.7±0.7 but the levels of  WBCs  was higher in β- thalassemic children 10.4±1.67, several types of bacterial specious were isolated included  Staphylococcus aureus 30% (12 patients) , Escherichia coli 25%(10 patients) , Streptococcus pneumoniae 17.5% (7 patients), Salmonella enteritidis 10% (4 patients), Serratia  marcescens  7.5% (3 patients), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 5%(2 patients), Klebsiella pneumoniae 2.5%(1 patients) and Haemophilus influenza 2.5%(1patients).  Conclusion: The alteration in serum immunoglobulins and complements levels in thalassemia major children probably can be due to marked heterogeneity of the patients,

Impact of plastic surgery medical training on medical students' knowledge, attitudes, preferences, and perceived benefits: Comparative study

Introduction: Misconceptions surrounding the discipline of plastic surgery are widespread among not only the public, but medical students and professionals, as well. The purpose of this study was to explore how the inclusion of plastic surgery rotation into the medical curriculum affects medical students’ knowledge, attitudes and preferences regarding plastic surgery specialization and referral.  Design and Methods: A descriptive-correlational design was utilized to collect data from 200 medical students in the final two years of education from two separate six-year medical programs in Jordan. Data was collected using self-reported questionnaires regarding knowledge of surgical procedures allocation, attitude towards plastic surgery, preference of specialization, and benefits of plastic surgery to physicians and patients.Results: Analysis showed that medical students of plastic surgery integrate rotation (program A) had a higher average score of correct procedure-allocation (M = 12.57, SD = 3.14), compared to non-integrated plastic survey rotation program (program B) (M = 8.29, SD = 3.05) 8.29. About 83% of students in program A had their knowledge on plastic surgery from direct exposure to a plastic surgeon, compared to 43% of program B, and 24% of students in program A reported that their perception of plastic surgery influenced by media compared to 62% of those in program B.Conclusions: medical students who have been exposed to plastic surgery education are more confident about procedures of plastic surgery specialty and had more reliable sources of knowledge about plastic surgery than those who were not exposed to plastic surgery rotation

Microbial Enhanced Heavy Oil Recovery by the Aid of Inhabitant Spore-Forming Bacteria: An Insight Review

Crude oil is the major source of energy worldwide being exploited as a source of economy, including Oman. As the price of crude oil increases and crude oil reserves collapse, exploitation of oil resources in mature reservoirs is essential for meeting future energy demands. As conventional recovery methods currently used have become less efficient for the needs, there is a continuous demand of developing a new technology which helps in the upgradation of heavy crude oil. Microbial enhanced oil recovery (MEOR) is an important tertiary oil recovery method which is cost-effective and eco-friendly technology to drive the residual oil trapped in the reservoirs. The potential of microorganisms to degrade heavy crude oil to reduce viscosity is considered to be very effective in MEOR. Earlier studies of MEOR (1950s) were based on three broad areas: injection, dispersion, and propagation of microorganisms in petroleum reservoirs; selective degradation of oil components to improve flow characteristics; and production of metabolites by microorganisms and their effects. Since thermophilic spore-forming bacteria can thrive in very extreme conditions in oil reservoirs, they are the most suitable organisms for the purpose. This paper contains the review of work done with thermophilic spore-forming bacteria by different researchers