HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE: CURRENT ADVANCES AND FUTURE PROSPECTS

Huntington’s disease is a neurodegenerative disease which is caused by dominantly inherited cytosine-adenine-guanine trinucleotide repeat expansion in the huntingtin gene of chromosome 4. Present survey reveals 2.7 per 100000 people are affected by huntington’s disease worldwide. The symptoms present with these patients are progressive motor, cognitive and psychiatric disorders. The early symptoms are chorea and loss of balance. This review aims to observe the present data available concerning huntington’s disease, symptoms, age of onset, risk factors, benefits of early diagnosis and genetic attribution. There is no cure for the disease. The article searched, selected and reviewed were from google scholar, medscape, NIH MedlinePlus, PubMed database using MeSH terms huntington’s disease, recent therapeutic advancement from 2003 to July 2021 with no language restriction and additional studies were included from the reference lists of relevant articles. The present review provides clinical features, diagnosis, symptomatic management and ongoing research. Hence this review will have an impact to create awareness for the society and researchers to find future treatment for Huntington’s disease

Concurrent Chemoradiation for Vaginal Cancer

Background: It is not known whether the addition of chemotherapy to radiation therapy improves outcomes in primary vaginal cancer. Here, we review clinical outcomes in patients with primary vaginal cancer treated with radiation therapy (RT) or concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CRT). Methods: Seventy-one patients with primary vaginal cancer treated with definitive RT with or without concurrent chemotherapy at a single institution were identified and their records reviewed. A total of 51 patients were treated with RT alone; 20 patients were treated with CRT. Recurrences were analyzed. Overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analysis was performed. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 61 years (range, 18–92 years) and the median follow-up time among survivors was 3.0 years. Kaplan-Meier estimates for OS and DFS differed significantly between the RT and CRT groups (3-yr OS = 56% vs. 79%, log-rank p = 0.037; 3-yr DFS = 43% vs. 73%, log-rank p = 0.011). Twenty-three patients (45%) in the RT group had a relapse at any site compared to 3 (15%) in the CRT group (p = 0.027). With regard to the sites of first relapse, 10 patients (14%) had local only, 4 (6%) had local and regional, 9 (13%) had regional only, 1 (1%) had regional and distant, and 2 (3%) had distant only relapse. On univariate analysis, the use of concurrent chemotherapy, FIGO stage, tumor size, and date of diagnosis were significant predictors of DFS. On multivariate analysis, the use of concurrent chemotherapy remained a significant predictor of DFS (hazard ratio 0.31 (95% CI, 0.10–0.97; p = 0.04)). Conclusions: Vaginal cancer results in poor outcomes. Adequate radiation dose is essential to ensure curative management. Concurrent chemotherapy should be considered for vaginal cancer patients

Pengembangan Materi Keberfungsian Keluarga Bagi Siswa SMA

The purpose ofthis research is the complete of family function material of class XI senior high school and determine the quality of family function material is resulted, in terms of aspects of clarity, systematics, image support, freshness, completeness of material, and support for video and games. The method of material are research method and the development (R & D). This material is valid by the first and second counselor, the teacher of counseling guidance, as well as 31student of class XI senior high school 12 Pekanbaru. This material tried to students along 3 hours lesson in class( 3x 45\u27). The result of this research is the compiled material about family function, with the material quality in category “good” with the score aspect 4,09

A radiopaque polymer hydrogel used as a fiducial marker in gynecologic-cancer patients receiving brachytherapy

We assessed a novel Food and Drug Administration–approved hydrogel, synthesized as absorbable iodinated particles, in gynecologic-cancer patients undergoing computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance (MR) based brachytherapy after external beam radiation

Sea grass like arranged TiO2 nanorods sensitized by natural dyes for solar cell applications

Rutile phase sea grass like arranged TiO2 nanorods have been synthesized by low temperature template free hydrothermal method. These TiO2 nanorods have been sensitized by flowers of Sesbania grandiflora, leaves of Camellia sinensis and roots of Rubia tinctorum. The sensitized TiO2 nanorods based films have been used as photoanode in natural dye sensitized solar cells. The films were photoelectrochemically active and the fabricated solar cells had short circuit photocurrent densitiy(JSC) lying in the range of 3.7mAcm-2 to 4.7mAcm-2. The efficiency of the fabricated natural dye sensitized solar cells were found to lie in the range of 0.6% to 1.036% respectively

NRG Oncology/RTOG 0921: A phase 2 study of postoperative intensity-modulated radiotherapy with concurrent cisplatin and bevacizumab followed by carboplatin and paclitaxel for patients with endometrial cancer.

BACKGROUND: The current study was conducted to assess acute and late adverse events (AEs), overall survival (OS), pelvic failure, regional failure, distant failure, and disease-free survival in a prospective phase 2 clinical trial of bevacizumab and pelvic intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with chemotherapy in patients with high-risk endometrial cancer. METHODS: Patients underwent a hysterectomy and lymph node removal, and had ≥1 of the following high-risk factors: grade 3 carcinoma with \u3e50% myometrial invasion, grade 2 or 3 disease with any cervical stromal invasion, or known extrauterine extension confined to the pelvis. Treatment included pelvic IMRT and concurrent cisplatin on days 1 and 29 of radiation and bevacizumab (at a dose of 5 mg/kg on days 1, 15, and 29 of radiation) followed by adjuvant carboplatin and paclitaxel for 4 cycles. The primary endpoint was grade ≥3 AEs occurring within the first 90 days (toxicity was graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events [version 4.0]). RESULTS: A total of 34 patients were accrued from November 2009 through December 2011, 30 of whom were eligible and received study treatment. Seven of 30 patients (23.3%; 1-sided 95% confidence interval, 10.6%-36.0%) developed grade ≥3 treatment-related nonhematologic toxicities within 90 days; an additional 6 patients experienced grade ≥3 toxicities between 90 and 365 days after treatment. The 2-year OS rate was 96.7% and the disease-free survival rate was 79.1%. No patient developed a within-field pelvic failure and no patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage I to IIIA disease developed disease recurrence after a median follow-up of 26 months. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative bevacizumab added to chemotherapy and pelvic IMRT appears to be well tolerated and results in high OS rates at 2 years for patients with high-risk endometrial carcinoma

IDENTIFICATION OF ANTIULCER ACTIVITY BY INSILICO METHOD IN SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS

Ulcer occurs when stomach acid damages the lining of the digestive tract caused by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori. Many pharmacological activities such as antiulcer activity can act against ulcer. Medicinal plants like Mimosa pudica and Vachellia nilotica has the antiulcer activity in a wide range. To study the antiulcer activity in medicinal plants using insilco studies by comparing the phytocompounds of plants with histamine 2 receptor as a binding protein, which is present in the stomach lining of homosapiens. Histamine 2 receptor was modelled using Swiss model and the ligand structures are obtained from PUB-CHEM, viewed easily via PYMOL. All the phytocompounds showed good binding energy with modelled protein on the docking methodology. Specifically ascorbic acid exhibited the lower binding energy of value -3.24 kcal/mol, indole and catechin shows highest binding energy of value -4.99 kcal/mol and -4.98 kacl/mol respectively. The results can be useful for the design and development of phytocompounds having better inhibitory activity against several types of ulcer

Biochemical & Hematological parameters to predict severity and mortality in COVID 19 patients – a retrospective study

Introduction: Coronavirus diseases (COVID-19), the global pandemic has posed a serious threat to the health of individuals across the world and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Several biochemical and hematological parameters are found to be altered in these patients and there is a need to identify a suitable biomarker that can help in better risk stratification of these patients. Hence in this study, we intend to evaluate the clinical utility of these parameters to predict severity and mortality in COVID-19 patients. Material & Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital involving Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) positive COVID-19 patients (n-322). Data about patient\u27s age, gender, co-morbidities, duration of hospital and intensive care unit (ICU) stay, need for mechanical ventilation and laboratory investigations were obtained from the Hospital Information System (HIS). Results: The average duration of hospital stay was 10 days, and the ICU stay of these patients was 6.5 days.[M1] [DSS2] There was a statistically significant increase in C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), neutrophils, and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and lower mean lymphocytic count (p=0.05), in patients who required ICU admission when compared to those who didn’t and[M3] [DSS4] also among non-survivors compared to survivors. Conclusion: Among the various biochemical & hematological markers, CRP, ferritin, LDH AST, and NLR were found to be better predictors of severity and mortality in COVID 19 patients. Timely monitoring of these markers would therefore help in better management and improved outcome for these patients

Radiation Dose–Volume Effects of the Urinary Bladder

An in-depth overview of the normal-tissue radiation tolerance of the urinary bladder is presented. The most informative studies consider whole-organ irradiation. The data on partial-organ/nonuniform irradiation are suspect because the bladder motion is not accounted for, and many studies lack long enough follow-up data. Future studies are needed