Recruiting and retaining children and families' social workers. The potential of work discussion groups

Current difficulties with the recruitment and retention of children and families' social workers have been formally acknowledged. However, although initiatives which focus on remuneration and career progression are clearly welcome, research and evidence from practice highlights how social workers themselves place high value on the availability of good quality supervision. Yet, questions remain about whether first-line managers have the time or are even in the best position to offer this support. This article draws on the experience and evaluation of one particular model of supervision — 'work discussion groups' —and explores its impact with residential social work staff and teachers as well as the potential for further developments of this kind

Four dimensional Lie symmetry algebras and fourth order ordinary differential equations

Realizations of four dimensional Lie algebras as vector fields in the plane are explicitly constructed. Fourth order ordinary differential equations which admit such Lie symmetry algebras are derived. The route to their integration is described.Comment: 12 page

Randomised, controlled trial of alternating pressure mattresses compared with alternating pressure overlays for the prevention of pressure ulcers : PRESSURE (pressure relieving support surfaces) trial

Objective To compare whether differences exist between alternating pressure overlays and alternating pressure mattresses in the development of new pressure ulcers, healing of existing pressure ulcers, and patient acceptability. Design Pragmatic, open, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Setting 11 hospitals in six NHS trusts. Participants 1972 people admitted to hospital as acute or elective patients. Interventions Participants were randomised to an alternating pressure mattress (n = 982) of- an alternating pressure overlay (n = 990). Main outcome measures The proportion of participants developing a new pressure ulcer of grade 2 or worse; time to development of new pressure ulcers; proportions of participants developing a new ulcer within 30 days; healing of existing pressure ulcers; and patient acceptability Results Intention to treat analysis found no difference in the proportions of participants developing a new pressure ulcer of grade 2 or worse (10.7% overlay patients, 10.3% mattress patients; difference 0.4%, 95% confidence interval - 23% to 3.1%, P = 0.75). More overlay patients requested change owing to dissatisfaction (23.3%) than mattress patients (18.9%, P = 0.02). Conclusion No difference was found between alternating pressure mattresses and alternating pressure overlays in the proportion of people who develop a pressure ulcer

The translation of indonesia west java at a glance

the focus of the book makes it particularly appropriate for require core courses in accounting, in which many of the studentsare not planning to take further elective accounting courses. we believe that if a core course stresses the more analytical uses of accounting information by managers and outside analysts rather than procedural details that practicing accountant needs to know, then thoose students who do not take further accounting course will be left with a positive view of the immportance of accounting rather than with the negative "bean counter" stereotype.table of contents1. Financial Accounting2. The Nature and Purpose of Accounting3. Basic Accounting Concepts: The Balance Sheet4. Basic Accounting Concepts: The Income Statement5. Accounting Records and Systems6. Revenue and Monetary Assets7. Cost of Sales and Inventories8. Long-lived Non-Monetary Assets9. Sources of Capital: Debt10. Sources of Capital: Owners' Equity11. Other Non-Owner Items that Affect Owner's Equity12. The Statement of Cash Flows13. Acquisitions and Consolidated Statements14. Financial Statement Analysis15. Understanding Financial Statements16. Management Accounting17. The Nature of Management Accounting18. The Behavior of Costs19. Full Costs and Their Uses20. Additional Aspects of Product Costing Systems21. Standard Costs, Variable Costing Systems, Quality Costs, and Joint Costs22. Production Cost Variances23. Analyzing Other Variances24. Control: The Management Control Environment25. Control: The Management Control Process26. Strategic Planning and Budgeting27. Reporting and Evaluation28. Short-Run Alternative Choice Decision29. Longer-Run Decisions: Capital Budgeting30. Management Accounting System Design31. Present Value of $1 Received N Years Hence32. Present Value of$1 Received Annually for N Yearsxxvi, 975 hlm. ; 26 cm

Constraints on the evolution of azole resistance in plant pathogenic fungi

The durability of azole fungicides in controlling agriculturally important pathogenic fungi is unique amongst modern single site fungicides. Today, azoles are still relied on to control pathogens of many crops including cereals, fruits and vegetables, canola and soybeans. Significantly, this widespread use continues despite many reports of azole-resistant fungal strains. In this review, recent reports of azole resistance and the mechanisms associated with resistant phenotypes are discussed. The example of the complex evolution of the azole target sterol 14-demethylase (CYP51) enzyme in modern European populations of the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola is used to describe the quantitative and epistatic effects on fungicide sensitivity and enzyme function of target site mutations, and to explore the hypothesis that constraints on CYP51 evolution have ensured the longevity of azoles. In addition, the threats posed by alternative resistance mechanisms causing cross-resistance to all azoles or even unrelated fungicides are discussed, and postulations are made on how using new genomic technologies to gain a greater understanding of azole resistance evolution should enhance the ability to control azole-resistant strains of plant pathogenic fungi in the future

Cowboy Obstetrics--A Calving Primer

Dystocia plagues cattle producers throughout Idaho. A team of Extension educators and specialists designed a curriculum and conducted calving schools to teach dystocia management principles and demonstrate methods to reduce stress during birth and enhance the potential for calf survival. Over 300 ranchers and ranch employees attended the intensive, 1-day schools. Pre- and post-tests showed a 47 to 58% increase in attendees\u27 knowledge about dystocia and dystocia management practices. Follow-up telephone surveys conducted 9 months later indicated attendees retained at least a portion of the information taught and saved an average of 1.6 calves per ranch

Microsatellite-stable diploid carcinoma: a biologically distinct and aggressive subset of sporadic colorectal cancer

Chromosomal instability and microsatellite instability represent the major pathways for colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. However, a significant percentage of CRC shows neither pattern of instability, and thus represents a potentially distinctive form of the disease. Flow cytometry was used to determine the degree of DNA aneuploidy in 46 consecutive sporadic colorectal cancers. Microsatellite status was determined by PCR amplification using standard markers, while immunostaining was used to examine the expression of p53. K- ras status was determined by restriction-mediated PCR assay. Twenty-five (54%) tumours were aneuploid, 14 (30%) were diploid and microsatellite-stable and seven (15%) were diploid and microsatellite-unstable. Tumours with microsatellite instability were more likely to be right sided, to occur in women and to be associated with an improved survival. Aneuploid tumours were significantly more common in men and were likely to be left sided. The diploid microsatellite-stable (MSS) tumours did not show a sex or site predilection, but were strongly associated with the presence of metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis. Our data suggests that diploid, MSS tumours represent a biologically and phenotypically distinct subset of colorectal carcinoma, and one that is associated with the early development of metastases. We suggest that the genetic stability that characterizes these tumours may favour the maintenance of an invasive phenotype, and thus facilitate disease progression. These findings may have important implications for treatment options in this disease subset. © 2001 Cancer Research Campaign http://www.bjcancer.co

The X-ray Properties of z>4 Quasars

We report on a search for X-ray emission from quasars with redshifts greater than four using the ROSAT public database. Our search has doubled the number of z>4 quasars detected in X-rays from 6 to 12. Most of those known prior to this work were radio-loud and X-ray selected sources; our study increases the number of X-ray detected, optically selected z>4 quasars from one to seven. We present their basic X-ray properties and compare these to those of lower redshift quasars. We do not find any evidence for strong broad-band spectral differences between optically selected z>4 quasars and those at lower redshifts.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures included, LaTeX emulateapj.sty, accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journa