Effect Of Surgical Treatment On The Cellular Immune Response Of Gastric Cancer Patients.

Patients with gastric cancer have a variety of immunological abnormalities. In the present study the lymphocytes and their subsets were determined in the peripheral blood of patients with gastric cancer (N = 41) both before and after surgical treatment. The percent of helper/inducer CD4 T cells (43.6 +/- 8.9) was not different after tumor resection (43.6 +/- 8.2). The percent of the cytotoxic CD8+ T cell population decreased significantly, whether patients were treated surgically (27.2 +/- 5.8%, N = 20) or not (27.3 +/- 7.3%, N = 20) compared to individuals with inflammatory disease (30.9 +/- 7.5%) or to healthy individuals (33.2 +/- 7.6%). The CD4/CD8 ratio consequently increased in the group of cancer patients. The peripheral blood lymphocytes of gastric cancer patients showed reduced responsiveness to mitogens. The defective blastogenic response of the lymphocytes was not associated with the production of transforming growth factor beta (TGF- ) since the patients with cancer had reduced production of TGF- Beta1 (269 +/- 239 pg/ml, N = 20) in comparison to the normal individuals (884 +/- 175 pg/ml, N = 20). These results indicate that the immune response of gastric cancer patients was not significantly modified by surgical treatment when evaluated four weeks after surgery and that the immunosuppression observed was not due to an increase in TGF- 1 production by peripheral leukocytes.36339-4

Postoperative outcomes in oesophagectomy with trainee involvement

BACKGROUND: The complexity of oesophageal surgery and the significant risk of morbidity necessitates that oesophagectomy is predominantly performed by a consultant surgeon, or a senior trainee under their supervision. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of trainee involvement in oesophagectomy on postoperative outcomes in an international multicentre setting. METHODS: Data from the multicentre Oesophago-Gastric Anastomosis Study Group (OGAA) cohort study were analysed, which comprised prospectively collected data from patients undergoing oesophagectomy for oesophageal cancer between April 2018 and December 2018. Procedures were grouped by the level of trainee involvement, and univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to compare patient outcomes across groups. RESULTS: Of 2232 oesophagectomies from 137 centres in 41 countries, trainees were involved in 29.1 per cent of them (n = 650), performing only the abdominal phase in 230, only the chest and/or neck phases in 130, and all phases in 315 procedures. For procedures with a chest anastomosis, those with trainee involvement had similar 90-day mortality, complication and reoperation rates to consultant-performed oesophagectomies (P = 0.451, P = 0.318, and P = 0.382, respectively), while anastomotic leak rates were significantly lower in the trainee groups (P = 0.030). Procedures with a neck anastomosis had equivalent complication, anastomotic leak, and reoperation rates (P = 0.150, P = 0.430, and P = 0.632, respectively) in trainee-involved versus consultant-performed oesophagectomies, with significantly lower 90-day mortality in the trainee groups (P = 0.005). CONCLUSION: Trainee involvement was not found to be associated with significantly inferior postoperative outcomes for selected patients undergoing oesophagectomy. The results support continued supervised trainee involvement in oesophageal cancer surgery

Videolaparoscopic surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: modified Nissen technique - clinical and functional results

BACKGROUND: Gastroesophageal reflux disease is highly common worldwide and surgical treatment is being indicated more frequently. Currently, laparoscopic is the access of choice and several antireflux techniques may be used. We prefer a modified Nissen technique. PURPOSE: To analyze preoperative clinical and functional parameters and compare with postoperative outcome of a modified valve technique performed by laparoscopy. METHODS: A group of 59 patients underwent laparoscopic modified Nissen valve. Preoperative diagnosis was made by radiological contrast exams and endoscopy in all patients. Esophagus manometry was performed in 35 patients and scintigraphy scan in 15 patients. Complicated esophagitis occurred in 54.2%, with 21 (35.6%) patients presenting a Barrett's epithelium. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in all patients with no conversion to open surgery, with an average time of 123.9 minutes. RESULTS: There were no intraoperative complications. Hospital discharge occurred in an average of 47.6 hours. Symptoms as dysphagia, pain, regurgitation and flatus occurred in 48.1% of the patients in the first thirty days. Average follow-up was 20.8 months. Postoperative radiological, endoscopic, manometric and scintigrafic scan exams showed a significant improvement, as well as clinical assessment using Visick's classification, which showed excellent and good results in 93.1% of the patients. CONCLUSION: Comparative analysis of clinical assessment and exam results lad us to conclude that modified Nissen surgery by laparoscopic access corrects gastroesophageal reflux in most patients followed-up.A doença do refluxo gastroesofagiano é muito freqüente na população e o tratamento cirúrgico é indicado em um número respeitável de pacientes. A escolha da via de acesso é a laparoscopia. Várias técnicas anti-refluxo podem ser empregadas e preferimos a técnica de Nissen modificada. OBJETIVO: Analisar os parâmetros clínicos e funcionais pré-operatórios comparados com os mesmos parâmetros pós-operatórios com a técnica empregada. MÉTODOS: Um grupo de 59 pacientes foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico pela técnica de Nissen modificada videolaparoscópica. O diagnóstico pré-operatório foi feito por exame radiográfico contrastado e endoscopia digestiva alta em todos os pacientes. A manometria do esôfago realizada em 35 e a cintilografia em 15. Esofagite complicada ocorreu em 54,2% sendo 21 pacientes (35,6%) com epitélio de Barrett. A técnica cirúrgica laparoscópica foi concluída em todos os pacientes. O tempo médio de cirurgia foi de 123,9 minutos. RESULTADOS: Não ocorreram complicações intra-operatórias. A alta se deu em média com 47,6 horas. Sintomas de disfagia, dor, epigastralgia, regurgitação e flatulência até o 30° dia ocorreram em 48,1% dos pacientes. Ocorreu uma reoperação por recurrência da doença e um óbito por necrose do fundo gástrico. O seguimento médio foi de 20,8 meses. Os exames pós-operatórios radiográficos, endoscópicos, manométricos e de cintilografia mostraram melhora significativa, bem como a avaliação clínica, que mostrou excelentes e bom resultados em 93,1% dos pacientes. CONCLUSÃO: A cirurgia de Nissen modificada videolaparoscópica corrigiu a doença do refluxo gastroesofagiano na maioria dos doentes acompanhados, associada à baixa morbimortalidade.14114

[videolaparoscopic Surgical Treatment Of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Modified Nissen Technique - Clinical And Functional Results].

Gastroesophageal reflux disease is highly common worldwide and surgical treatment is being indicated more frequently. Currently, laparoscopic is the access of choice and several antireflux techniques may be used. We prefer a modified Nissen technique. To analyze preoperative clinical and functional parameters and compare with postoperative outcome of a modified valve technique performed by laparoscopy. A group of 59 patients underwent laparoscopic modified Nissen valve. Preoperative diagnosis was made by radiological contrast exams and endoscopy in all patients. Esophagus manometry was performed in 35 patients and scintigraphy scan in 15 patients. Complicated esophagitis occurred in 54.2%, with 21 (35.6%) patients presenting a Barrett's epithelium. Laparoscopic surgery was performed in all patients with no conversion to open surgery, with an average time of 123.9 minutes. There were no intraoperative complications. Hospital discharge occurred in an average of 47.6 hours. Symptoms as dysphagia, pain, regurgitation and flatus occurred in 48.1% of the patients in the first thirty days. Average follow-up was 20.8 months. Postoperative radiological, endoscopic, manometric and scintigrafic scan exams showed a significant improvement, as well as clinical assessment using Visick's classification, which showed excellent and good results in 93.1% of the patients. Comparative analysis of clinical assessment and exam results lad us to conclude that modified Nissen surgery by laparoscopic access corrects gastroesophageal reflux in most patients followed-up.47141-