47 research outputs found

    Measurements of sideward flow around the balance energy

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    Sideward flow values have been determined with the INDRA multidetector for Ar+Ni, Ni+Ni and Xe+Sn systems studied at GANIL in the 30 to 100 A.MeV incident energy range. The balance energies found for Ar+Ni and Ni+Ni systems are in agreement with previous experimental results and theoretical calculations. Negative sideward flow values have been measured. The possible origins of such negative values are discussed. They could result from a more important contribution of evaporated particles with respect to the contribution of promptly emitted particles at mid-rapidity. But effects induced by the methods used to reconstruct the reaction plane cannot be totally excluded. Complete tests of these methods are presented and the origins of the ``auto-correlation'' effect have been traced back. For heavy fragments, the observed negative flow values seem to be mainly due to the reaction plane reconstruction methods. For light charged particles, these negative values could result from the dynamics of the collisions and from the reaction plane reconstruction methods as well. These effects have to be taken into account when comparisons with theoretical calculations are done.Comment: 27 pages, 15 figure

    Non-Local Fokker-Planck Equation of Imperfect Impulsive Interventions and its Effectively Super-Convergent Numerical Discretization

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    19th Asia Simulation Conference, AsiaSim 2019, Singapore, October 30 – November 1, 2019.Human interventions to control environmental and ecological system dynamics are efficiently described as impulsive interventions by which the system state suddenly transits. Such interventions in applications are imperfect in the sense that the state transition is not exactly controllable and thus uncertain. Mathematical description of the imperfect impulsive interventions, despite relevance in practical problems of environmental and ecological engineering, has not been addressed so far to the best of the authors’ knowledge. The objectives and contributions of this research are formulation and numerical computation of single-species population dynamics controlled through imperfect impulsive interventions. We focus on a management problem of a waterfowl population as a model problem where the population dynamics follows a stochastic differential equation subject to impulsive harvesting. We show that the stationary probability density function of the population dynamics is governed by a 1-D Fokker-Planck equation with a special non-locality, which potentially becomes an obstacle in analyzing the equation. We demonstrate that the equation is analytically solvable under a simplified condition, which is validated through a Monte-Carlo simulation result. We also demonstrate that a simple finite volume scheme can approximate its solution in a stable, conservative, and super-convergent manner
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