Virus MERS-Coronavirus (CoV): preguntes més freqüents

MERS-CoV; Coronavirus; Preguntes freqüentsMERS-CoV; Coronavirus; Preguntas frecuentesMERS-CoV; Coronavirus; Frequently asked questionsAquest informe recull informació de preguntes i respostes sobre el virus MERS-Coronavirus (CoV)

Informació per als professionals sanitaris en relació amb el pelegrinatge a La Meca: l’umra i el hagg 2019

Pelegrinatge; La Meca; Trobades massivesPeregrinación; La Meca; Encuentros masivosPilgrimage; Mecca; Mass encountersL’objectiu d’aquest document és presentar els requisits i recomanacions sanitàries del Ministeri de Salut a l’Aràbia Saudita per als pelegrins durant el hagg i l’umra i avaluar els possibles riscos per a la salut relacionats amb malalties transmissibles i altres amenaces per a la salut dels ciutadans de la UE en el transcurs del pelegrinatge durant el hagg entre el 9 i el 14 d’agost de 2019 a l’Aràbia Saudita

El xarampió, la rubèola postnatal i la síndrome de rubèola congènita a Catalunya: informe 2012

Xarampió; Rubèola postnatal; Síndrome rubèola congènitaMeasles; Postnatal rubella; Congenital rubella syndromeSarampión; Rubéola postnatal; Síndrome rubéola congénitaEl xarampió és una malaltia vírica altament contagiosa que, malgrat que estigui en vies dʼeliminació, encara es pot trobar a diverses zones del món. La rubèola és una malaltia infecciosa lleu, tot i que pot tenir conseqüències greus en les dones embarassades. La vacunació és la mesura fonamental per prevenir tant el xarampió com la rubèola.Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that, although is on the verge of elimination, it can still be found in various parts of the world. Rubella is a mild infectious disease, although it can have serious consequences in pregnant women. Vaccination is a fundamental measure to prevent both measles and rubella.El sarampión es una enfermedad vírica altamente contagiosa que, aunque esté en vías de eliminación, todavía se puede encontrar en diversas zonas del mundo. La rubéola es una enfermedad infecciosa leve, aunque puede tener consecuencias graves en las mujeres embarazadas. La vacunación es la medida fundamental para prevenir tanto el sarampión como la rubéola

Vigilància del xarampió, la rubèola i la síndrome de la rubèola congènita: programa d’eliminació del xarampió, la rubèola postnatal i la síndrome de la rubèola congènita a Catalunya; informe 2018

Eradicació de malalties; Planificació; VirosiDiseases eradication; Planning; VirosisErradicación de enfermedades; Planificación; VirosisEl xarampió és una malaltia vírica altament contagiosa que pot trobar-se a tot el món. La vacunació és la mesura fonamental per prevenir el xarampió. Aquesta pràctica és molt eficaç i ha comportat una davallada espectacular del nombre de casos en països desenvolupats. L’administració de la vacuna contra el xarampió, la rubèola i la parotiditis (XRP) és important per a les persones individualment, però també per a la població, perquè permet assolir l’eliminació de la malaltia. En alguns països, els programes de vacunació són incomplets i la malaltia pot transmetre’s fàcilment per mitjà dels viatgers internacionals.El sarampión es una enfermedad vírica altamente contagiosa que puede encontrarse en todo el mundo. La vacunación es la medida fundamental para prevenir el sarampión. Esta práctica es muy eficaz y ha comportado un descenso espectacular del número de casos en países desarrollados. La administración de la vacuna contra el sarampión, la rubéola y la parotiditis (SRP) es importante para las personas individualmente, pero también para la población, porque permite alcanzar la eliminación de la enfermedad. En algunos países, los programas de vacunación son incompletos y la enfermedad puede transmitirse fácilmente por medio de los viajeros internacionales.Measles is a highly contagious viral disease that can be found all over the world. Vaccination is the fundamental measure to prevent measles. This practice is very effective and has led to a spectacular decline in the number of cases in developed countries. The administration of the vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps (SRP) is important for individuals, but also for the population, because it allows to achieve the elimination of the disease. In some countries, vaccination programs are incomplete and the disease can be easily transmitted through international travelers

Epidemiology of measles virus outbreaks in Catalonia: importance of immunization in the elimination era

Podeu consultar el llibre complet a: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/63704Eradicating measles represents a major public health achievement, yet outbreaks still occur in territories where endemic measles virus (MV) had been eliminated. In Catalonia from the year 2000 cases have occurred as isolated cases or small outbreaks, both linked to imported cases up to the end of 2006 when a large outbreak started out affecting mainly children ≤15m. In consequence, immunization schedule was amended lowering first dose to 12m. Again new MV importations from neighboring countries triggered another outbreak on November 2010 with a different age distribution sparing small children from infection. Differences in incidence (IR), rate ratio (RR) and 95% CI and hospitalization rate (HR) by age group were determined. Statistic z was used for comparing proportions. Total number of confirmed cases was 305 vs 381 in 2006; mean age 20 yrs (SD 14.8yrs; 3m -51yrs) vs 15m (SD13.1yrs; 1m-50yrs). Highest proportion of cases was set in ≥25yrs (47%) vs 24.2% in 2006 (p<0.001). Difference in IR for ≤ 15m was statistically significant (49/100,000 vs 278.2/100,000; RR:3.9; 95%CI 2.9-5.4) and in HR 30.2% vs 15.7% (p<0.001). The change of the month of administration of the first dose proved successful. Given the current epidemiological situation, continued awareness and efforts to reach young adult population are needed to stop the spread of the virus

Casos de malaltia per Virus Chikungunya, Dengue i Zika a Catalunya: informe 2018

Virus Chikungunya; Dengue; ZinkaChikungunya virus; Dengue; ZinkaVirus Chikungunya; Dengue; ZinkaDocument que ofereix el resum dels casos de malaltia per Virus Chikungunya, Dengue i Zika a Catalunya durant un període de l'any 2018

Real-time predictive seasonal influenza model in Catalonia, Spain

Influenza surveillance is critical to monitoring the situation during epidemic seasons and predictive mathematic models may aid the early detection of epidemic patterns. The objective of this study was to design a real-time spatial predictive model of ILI (Influenza Like Illness) incidence rate in Catalonia using one- and two-week forecasts. The available data sources used to select explanatory variables to include in the model were the statutory reporting disease system and the sentinel surveillance system in Catalonia for influenza incidence rates, the official climate service in Catalonia for meteorological data, laboratory data and Google Flu Trend. Time series for every explanatory variable with data from the last 4 seasons (from 2010-2011 to 2013-2014) was created. A pilot test was conducted during the 2014-2015 season to select the explanatory variables to be included in the model and the type of model to be applied. During the 2015-2016 season a real-time model was applied weekly, obtaining the intensity level and predicted incidence rates with 95% confidence levels one and two weeks away for each health region. At the end of the season, the confidence interval success rate (CISR) and intensity level success rate (ILSR) were analysed. For the 2015-2016 season a CISR of 85.3% at one week and 87.1% at two weeks and an ILSR of 82.9% and 82% were observed, respectively. The model described is a useful tool although it is hard to evaluate due to uncertainty. The accuracy of prediction at one and two weeks was above 80% globally, but was lower during the peak epidemic period. In order to improve the predictive power, new explanatory variables should be included

Does knowing the influenza epidèmic threshold has been reached influence the performance of influenza case definitions?

Background: Disease surveillance using adequate case definitions is very important. The objective of the study was to compare the performance of influenza case definitions and influenza symptoms in the first two epidemic weeks with respect to other epidemic weeks. Methods: We analysed cases of acute respiratory infection detected by the network of sentinel primary care physicians of Catalonia for 10 seasons. We calculated the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the first two epidemic weeks and for other epidemic weeks. Results: A total of 4,338 samples were collected in the epidemic weeks, of which 2,446 (56.4%) were positive for influenza. The most predictive case definition for laboratory-confirmed influenza was the WHO case definition for influenza-like illness (ILI) in the first two epidemic weeks (DOR 2.10; 95% CI 1.57-2.81) and in other epidemic weeks (DOR 2.31; 95% CI 1.96-2.72). The most predictive symptom was fever. After knowing that epidemic threshold had been reached, the DOR of the ILI WHO case definition in children aged <5 years and cough and fever in this group increased (190%, 170% and 213%, respectively). Conclusions: During influenza epidemics, differences in the performance of the case definition and the discriminative ability of symptoms were found according to whether it was known that the epidemic threshold had been reached or not. This suggests that sentinel physicians are stricter in selecting samples to send to the laboratory from patients who present symptoms more specific to influenza after rather than before an influenza epidemic has been declared