Business not as usual: how multisectoral collaboration can promote transformative change for health and sustainable development

Shyama Kuruvilla and colleagues present findings across 12 country case studies of multisectoral collaboration, showing how diverse sectors intentionally shape new ways of collaborating and learning, using “business not as usual” strategies to transform situations and achieve shared goals

Global action for training in malaria elimination

The Rethinking Malaria Leadership Forum, held at Harvard Business School in February 2017 with collaboration of the Barcelona Institute for Global Health and the Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, identified this training gap as a high priority for both analysis and action. The gap in human resource training for malaria elimination needs to be addressed in order to assure continued progress. This paper identifies major gaps in skills and human resources, suggests institutions that can assist in filling the training gaps, and proposes global actions to implement expanded training for malaria elimination in endemic countries

Comparació de dos métodes de detecció de l'activitat motora en petits rosegadors

L'estudi de l'activitat motora en animals d'experimentació ha estat objecte d'interès, especialment en els camps de psicofarmacologia i l'etologia. Cada cop les tècniques que es fan servir en aquest tipus d'estudis van aconseguint una més gran precisió tant pel que fa al tractament dels resultats com a l'obtenció de les mesures experimentals. És per això que resulta d'una gran importància conèixer exactament la naturalesa del mètode experimental, per saber quin paràmetre es mesura i quan és millor fer servir un mètode o altre

Fish pass assessment in the rivers of Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula). A case study of weirs associated with hydropower plants and gauging stations

This study evaluated the effectiveness of fish passes in Catalan rivers (NE Iberian Peninsula). The aim was to test current functionality to enhance these structures for the purpose of optimising their management. We analysed river connectivity and fish pass facilities to generate information to improve the design, construction, management and assessment of solutions related to fish passage in Catalan rivers according to international best practices. In 2006, a preliminary evaluation of the locations and effectiveness of fish pass facilities in Catalonia was conducted through direct inspection of 78 fishways. Most of them were retro-fitted solutions using broad-spectrum technical structures, mainly pool fishway or pool pass facilities. An analysis of the effectiveness of 7 of the new fish passes (4, 2 and 1 passes in the Ter, Ebro and Tordera rivers, respectively) was performed between 2006 and 2009. The fish passes were located in weirs associated with hydropower plants and gauging stations. Our preliminary assessment of fish connectivity was based on a field visit and collection of information to populate a database of existing obstacles and associated fishways and calculation of the new version of the ICF index (river connectivity index) for all of them. Several methodologies were used to check the effectiveness of a selection of fish pass solutions, most of which were based on passage rates directly or indirectly estimated for each species. Direct estimation techniques involved the installation of fish traps upstream of the facility at the exit of the fish pass and visual counts. Indirect estimation techniques compared the fish population structure on each side of the obstacle in river sections with equivalent hydrology and habitat characteristics using electric fishing or trapping systems, group mark-recapture methods and individual mark-recapture methods (PIT tags). The results showed that (1) existing solutions to improve fish migration in Catalonia are insufficient (only present at approximately 8% of obstacles), and where they do exist, the fish passes are usually inadequate or poorly maintained. (2) Fish passes are generally inadequate or insufficient for the total native fish fauna from each water body. Additionally, with few exceptions, fish passage rates are too low, and in most cases, only fish with a high capacity to overcome obstacles or the largest individuals succeed in migrating. (3) Fish pass effectiveness agrees with the results of the new version of the ICF index.Este estudio evalua la eficacia de dispositivos o soluciones de paso para peces en los ríos de Catalunya (NE de la Península Ibérica). Se realizó con el propósito de comprobar su funcionalidad actual y también para poder mejorar elementos constructivos y/o para optimizar aspectos de gestión. El objetivo del estudio era analizar la conectividad de los ecosistemas fluviales y generar información para mejorar el diseño, construcción, gestión y evaluación de soluciones para el paso de peces en los ríos de Catalunya, de acuerdo con los estándares internacionales. El año 2006 se realizó un estudio de localización y evaluación preliminar de la eficacia de los dispositivos de paso para peces existentes en Catalunya mediante la inspección directa de 78 dispositivos. La mayor'ıa eran soluciones de rehabilitación por medio de estructuras técnicas de amplio espectro, como dispositivos de paso de estanques sucesivos. Entre 2006 y 2009 se efectuó un análisis de la eficacia de 7 de estos elementos (4, 2 y 1 en los ríos Ter, Ebro y Tordera, respectivamente). Los dispositivos de paso para peces estaban localizados en azudes para uso hidroeléctrico y estaciones de aforo. La evaluación preliminar de la connectividad para los peces se basó en una visita de campo y la recolección de información para completar una base de datos sobre los obstáculos existentes y las soluciones de paso para peces associadas. Para cada uno de estos casos analizados se calculó la nueva versión del Índice de Conectividad Fluvial (ICF). Posteriormente, se usaron varias metodologías para comprobar la eficacia de una selección de soluciones de paso para peces, la mayoría basadas en la estimación de la tasa de franqueo de cada especie. Las t'ecnicas de estimación directa consistieron en la instalación de trampas aguas arriba del obstáculo, a la salida del dispositivo de paso para peces, y los recuentos visuales. La estimación indirecta permitió la comparación de las estructuras poblacionales por especie de ambos lados del obstáculo en tramos fluviales de características hidrológicas y de hábitat equivalentes, a partir de muestreos con pesca eléctrica o trampeo, métodos de marcaje y recaptura de grupo, y métodos de marcaje y recaptura individualizados (con marcas PIT). Los resultados obtenidos indicaron (1) Las soluciones existentes en Catalunya para mejorar las migraciones de los peces resultan insuficientes (están presentes sólo alrededor del 8 % de los obstáculos). Cuando los hay, en general, los dispositivos de paso son inadecuados o con un mal mantenimiento. (2) Los dispositivos de paso para peces son generalmente inadecuados o insuficientes para el conjunto de las especies autóctonas de fauna piscícola de cada masa de agua. Las tasas de franqueo de los dispositivos de paso para peces son, con algunas excepciones, demasiado bajas y, en la majoría de los casos, sólo facilitan las migraciones de los peces con gran capacidad de superar obst'aculos o los individuos de mayor talla. (3) La eficacia de los dispositivos de paso para peces coincide con los resultados de la nueva versión del índice ICF

Longitudinal connectivity in hydromorphological quality assessments of rivers. The ICF index : a river connectivity index and its application to Catalan rivers

The Water Framework Directive urges assessment of river continuity as an input for the evaluation of hydromorphological quality. The existence of transverse obstacles in river beds has serious ecological consequences because it blocks the natural flow of water, sediments and biota, and this is considered one of the major causes of declines in many continental fish species. The index of river connectivity (ICF, from the Catalan name Index de Connectivitat Fluvial) evaluates obstacle effects on fish movement alone and does not take into account other elements affected by the obstacles. However, it can be used as a complementary element in hydromorphological condition assessments. The index is based on comparison of obstacle and fish pass (if any) characteristics with the capabilities of the fishes potentially present in the considered river section to overcome the obstacle. In this study, we present a new version of the ICF improved from its earlier version that was tested by different consultants and research centres for several obstacles from 2006 to 2009. The new version of the ICF is divided into three blocks that encompass assessment of (1) the obstacle and (2) the fish pass (if any) as well as (3) the estimation of certain modulators. Finally, the ICF classifies connectivity into five levels from very good to bad depending on the degree of permeability for different fish groups. This new version of the ICF has been tested for 101 transverse obstacles in rivers in Catalonia (NE Iberian Peninsula) both with and without fish passes, obtaining representation of the five expected quality levels (from very good to bad), and it is considered coherent with the real permeability of the obstacles. Its ease of application compared to in situ measurements of fish movements and the detailed information recorded by the index make it a very useful tool for the diagnosis of the longitudinal connectivity of rivers and for guiding measures for hydromorphological quality improvement.La Directiva Marco del Agua define que para evaluar la calidad hidromorfológica de los ríos hay que valorar, entre otros factores, la continuidad fluvial. La existencia de obstáculos transversales al cauce fluvial tiene importantes consecuencias ecológicas, y se considera una de las causas principales del declive de muchas especies continentales de peces. Por ello se ha diseñado el Índice de Conectividad Fluvial (ICF), que aunque sólo considera los peces y no otros compartimentos afectados (agua y sedimentos), puede ser utilizado como parte integrante del protocolo completo de evaluación de la calidad hidromorfológica de los ríos en Catalunya (protocolo HIDRI). El ICF se basa en la comparación de las características de un determinado obstáculo y de los dispositivos de paso para peces (si dispone de ellos) con las capacidades para superarlo de las distintas especies de peces autóctonos potencialmente presentes en el tramo. En este estudio se presenta una versión mejorada del ICF, que ha sido probada por distintos equipos de consultorías y centros de investigación entre 2006 y 2009. La nueva versión consta de tres grandes bloques que incluyen la evaluación de (1) el obstáculo, (2) el o los dispositivos de paso de peces, en caso que los haya, y (3) la estimación de distintos moduladores. Finalmente, el ICF clasifica el nivel de conectividad en cinco rangos, de muy bueno a malo, en función del grado de franqueabilidad para los distintos grupos de especies potencialmente presentes en el tramo. La nueva versión del ICF ha sido aplicada en 101 obstáculos transversales de distintos ríos de Catalunya (NE de la península Ibérica), con y sin dispositivos de paso para peces. En los resultados se encuentran representados los cinco rangos de calidad posibles (desde muy bueno a malo), resultados que se consideran coherentes con la permeabilidad real del obstáculo. Su fácil aplicación, en comparación con la evaluación in situ de los movimientos de los peces, así como los detalles de la información recogida en las hojas de campo, sugieren que el ICF es una buena herramienta tanto para diagnosticar la conectividad longitudinal como para orientar las medidas a tomar para la mejora de la calidad hidromorfológica

Operacions bàsiques al laboratori químic en xarxa : una nova eina per a estudiants i professors

Un conjunt de professors de les facultats de Química i Farmàcia de la Universitat de Barcelona hem elaborat un material docent en suport electrònic, d'accés lliure a la xarxa, que descriu el procediment pràctic de diverses operacions bàsiques de treball al laboratori químic. L'objectiu principal és crear un material docent que serveixi de suport a l'aprenentatge dels estudiants i a la tasca docent del professorat involucrat en l'ensenyament del treball pràctic en l'etapa d'inici dels estudis universitaris.A group of lecturers from the Chemistry and Pharmacy faculties at the University of Barcelona has prepared an electronically supported teaching material, of free access on-line, which shows the procedure for several basic chemical laboratory techniques. The main goal of the project was to offer an electronic aid for the student’s learning as well as for the lecturers involved in the teaching process, both at the high school and the graduate levels

Training through malaria research: building capacity in good clinical and laboratory practice in Liberia

Background: Limited health research capacities (HRC) undermine a country’s ability to identify and adequately respond to local health needs. Although numerous interventions to strengthen HRC have been conducted in Africa, there is a need to share the lessons learnt by funding organizations, institutes and researchers. The aim of this report is to identify best practices in HRC strengthening by describing a training programme conducted between 2016 and 2017 at the Saint Joseph’s Catholic Hospital (SJCH) in Monrovia (Liberia). Methods: A call for trainees was launched at the SJCH, the Liberia Medicines and Health Products Regulatory Author‑ ity (LMHRA), the Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, the Mother Pattern College of Health Sciences (MPCHS) and community members. Selected trainees participated in four workshops on Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP), standard operating procedures (SOP) and scientifc communication, as well as in a 5-months eLearning mentoring programme. After the training, a collectively-designed research project on malaria was conducted. Results: Twenty-one of the 28 trainees (14 from the SJCH, 3 from LMHRA, one from MPCHS, and 10 community representatives) completed the programme satisfactorily. Pre- and post-training questionnaires completed by 9 of the trainees showed a 14% increase in the percentage of correct answers. Trainees participated in a mixed-methods crosssectional study of Plasmodium falciparum infection among pregnant women at the SJCH. Selected trainees dissemi‑ nated activities and research outcomes in three international meetings and three scientifc publications. Conclusion: This training-through-research programme successfully involved SJCH staf and community members in a practical research exercise on malaria during pregnancy. The challenge is to ensure that the SJCH remains active in research. Harmonization of efectiveness indicators for HRC initiatives would strengthen the case for investing in such eforts

The first Global Pneumonia Forum: recommendations in the time of coronavirus

For 3 days in late January, 2020, 350 government, UN and multilateral agencies, companies, non-profit organisations, and academic health leaders from more than 55 countries gathered in Barcelona, Spain, to strategise more effective ways to fight the leading infectious threat to child survival—pneumonia. The inaugural Fighting for Breath Global Forum on Childhood Pneumonia (the Global Forum) culminated in a consensus declaration outlining the steps necessary to end preventable child deaths from pneumonia in every country by 2030. The declaration is now in wider circulation and can be signed by organisations who want to join the fight against pneumonia.1 Highlights of this declaration, and of actions derived from some of the key points, are summarised in the appendix

Where is the 'global' in the European Union's Health Research and Innovation Agenda?

Global Health has not featured as prominently in the European Union (EU) research agenda in recent years as it did in the first decade of the new millennium, and participation of low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) in EU health research has declined substantially. The Horizon Europe Research and Innovation Framework adopted by the European Parliament in April 2019 for the period 2021-2027 will serve as an important funding instrument for health research, yet the proposed health research budget to be finalised towards the end of 2019 was reduced from 10% in the current framework, Horizon 2020, to 8% in Horizon Europe. Our analysis takes the evolvement of Horizon Europe from the initial framework of June 2018 to the framework agreed on in April 2019 into account. It shows that despite some improvements in terms of Global Health and reference to the Sustainable Development Goals, European industrial competitiveness continues to play a paramount role, with Global Health research needs and relevant health research for LMICs being only partially addressed. We argue that the globally interconnected nature of health and the transdisciplinary nature of health research need to be fully taken into account and acted on in the new European Research and Innovation Framework. A facilitated global research collaboration through Horizon Europe could ensure that Global Health innovations and solutions benefit all parts of the world including EU countries