Integration of streaming services and TCP data transmission in the Internet

We study in this paper the integration of elastic and streaming traffic on a same link in an IP network. We are specifically interested in the computation of the mean bit rate obtained by a data transfer. For this purpose, we consider that the bit rate offered by streaming traffic is low, of the order of magnitude of a small parameter \eps \ll 1 and related to an auxiliary stationary Markovian process (X(t)). Under the assumption that data transfers are exponentially distributed, arrive according to a Poisson process, and share the available bandwidth according to the ideal processor sharing discipline, we derive the mean bit rate of a data transfer as a power series expansion in \eps. Since the system can be described by means of an M/M/1 queue with a time-varying server rate, which depends upon the parameter \eps and process (X(t)), the key issue is to compute an expansion of the area swept under the occupation process of this queue in a busy period. We obtain closed formulas for the power series expansion in \eps of the mean bit rate, which allow us to verify the validity of the so-called reduced service rate at the first order. The second order term yields more insight into the negative impact of the variability of streaming flows

La adaptación del sujeto creativo a entornos nuevos y cambiantes: una integración decisiva

El presente artículo intenta dar cuenta del valor de la creatividad para el proceso de adaptación de las personas a contextos nuevos y desafiantes, propios de la sociedad actual. Más que establecer cuáles son las condiciones ambientales más propicias para el desarrollo creativo de los sujetos, el artículo en cuestión intenta explicar qué hace a las personas mantener su potencial creativo independiente de los cambios que se produzcan en el entorno inmediato. La intensión original ha sido repasar y vincular algunas teorías referidas a este enfoque, de modo de analizar el problema desde puntos de vista afines y complementarios. La pregunta de fondo, y que ha servido de guía para esta revisión, busca establecer cómo operan los elementos conductuales que favorecen la producción creativa de los individuos, sin importar el tipo de entorno en que se desarrollen, y que incluyen por lo demás, aquellos ambientes poco propicios para la creatividad

Chronicles of a disagreement foretold. CEPS Commentary, 28 November 2012

In the wake of the collapsed talks on a new EU budget for 2014-20, a new CEPS Commentary by Jorge Núñez Ferrer allows that there is a good chance that agreement will be reached before the summer but that the instrument will remain largely disconnected from the fundamental needs of the EU, foremost of which is the imperative to address imbalances in the eurozone

Local Life and Municipal Services in Spain at the Beginning of the 20 th Century.

The interpretation that still prevails of the political and economic history of Spain at the beginning of the century, emphasizes the basically rural and backward character of a society that grew and was modernized very slowly. Even as late as 1932-1936, during the Second Republic in Spain, political backwardness, industrial underdevelopment and engrained agrarian conflict are common factors stressed by many authors and, in contrast, there was a lack of a solid alternative politically and economically rooted in their as yet minority urban middle classes.3 And «perhaps the sole outstanding fact in 1898 was the extent and unanimity of the malaise in the middle class» [PAN-MONTOJO, 1998, p.262]. Recently these ideas are being revised in search of «more subtle interpretations of the political reality which is more prosaic, but not for that reason less complex». Political historians such as Forner and García argued that political fraud, corruption and backwardness cannot explain completely and convincingly early 20 th century Spain. On the contrary, they suggest that the implicit critical factor in the so-called «vieja política» (old politics) was a more general lack of civic maturity, that might have filled the established rules of the political game with democratic content [FORNER & GARCÍA, 1992, pp. 41 y ss.]; but in fact Spanish society only gradually began to fill this gap. They also add that, in such a process of growing maturity, cities played, as should be expected, a fundamental role.City and Town Life - Spain - History, Cities and Towns - Economic History – Spain – 1878-1944, Urban Life – Spain – 1878-1944, Urban policy, Urbanization - Spain.

A Framework for Complexity Classes in Membrane Computing

The purpose of the present work is to give a general idea about the existing results and open problems concerning the study of complexity classes within the membrane computing framework. To this aim, membrane systems (seen as computing devices) are briefly introduced, providing the basic definition and summarizing the key ideas, trying to cover the various approaches that are under investigation in this area – of course, special attention is paid to the study of complexity classes. The paper concludes with some final remarks that hint the reasons why this field (as well as other unconventional models of computation) is attracting the attention of a growing community.Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia TIN2005-09345-C04-01Junta de Andalucía TIC-58

All assignment games with the same core have the same nucleolus

There exist coalitional games with transferable utility which have the same core but different nucleoli. We show that this cannot happen in the case of assignment games. Whenever two assignment games have the same core, their nucleoli also coincide. To show this, we prove that the nucleolus of an assignment game coincides with that of its buyer-seller exact representativeExisteixen jocs cooperatius d'utilitat transferible que tot i tenir el mateix core tenen diferent nucleolus. En aquest treball es mostra que això no pot passar amb els jocs d'assignaciò és a dir que, en aquests jocs, el nucleolus ve determinat pel core del joc i per tant dos jocs d'assignació amb el mateix core tenen forçosament el mateix nucleolus. Per provar-ho mostrem que el nucleolus d'un joc d'assignació coincideix amb el de l'únic joc que el representa amb la propietat de ser 'buyer-seller' exact