Az Árpád-kori Magyarország történeti földrajza - Sáros és Somogy megyék = Historical Geography of Hungary in the Age of Árpáds - County Sáros and Somogy

A program célja Györffy György történeti földrajzi művének folytatása volt Györffy kéziratos adatgyűjtésének felhasználásával. A pályázat első évében a feladatot módosítottuk: Györffy anyaggyűjtéséből csak a jelzetek használtuk fel a munka során. A mű eredeti szerkezetét meghagytuk, de az adattári, a szöveges elbeszélő és a térképes részt jelentősen kibővítettük. A források mindegyikét eredeti szövegből közöltük. Az ezután következő kötetek készítőinek már az általunk kidolgozott új módszert kell követniük. Az így elkészült mű minőségében és mennyiségében felette áll a program beadásakor vállalt feladatnak: a 2000-es évek tudományos és technikai színvonalához méltó módon elkészítettük Sáros és Somogy megye Árpád-kori történeti földrajzát, ahhoz színes térképeket készítettünk. A kutatásra szánt összegeket csökkentettük, a pénzügyi tervet átcsoportosítottuk, így a program pénzügyi támogatásával a művet 2012 folyamán kiadjuk. | The aim of the program was to continue the series of historical geography of Hungary under the Árpáds originally launched by György Györffy, based on his manuscript collection. In the first year of the program the task was modified: from his collection of materials we have only used his references in the course of our work. Whereas the original structure of the work was left untouched, the sections containing the database, the narrative and the maps were considerably enlarged. All of the sources are published directly from the originals. The editors of the subsequent volumes will thus already be obliged to follow the methods we have elaborated here. The work we have thus prepared greatly surpasses in terms of both quantity and quality the task we undertook at the time when the program began: we have prepared in accordance with the technical and scientific requirements of the 2000s the historical geography of the counties of Sáros and Somogy in the Árpád period, and attached to them coloured maps. By a financial restructuring of the program, the work will be published in the course of 2012

Influencing the macro- and microcirculatory complications of nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia by complement C5a inhibitor treatments

Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) can develop in the absence of apparent anatomical obstruction of the mesenteric circulation in a variety of low flow states. The pathophysiology of NOMI is unexplored, the early diagnosis is challenging and the available treatments are of questionable effectiveness. In this respect, new experimental models are sought to clarify the exact pathomechanisms and new, effective therapeutic ways are needed to reduce the increasingly high mortality. Our first aim was to develop clinically relevant in vivo models to investigate the macro- and microcirculatory effects of NOMI. Also, we hypothesized the role of complement activation in the acute and subacute consequences of NOMI and our objectives were to characterize the effects of the inhibition of complement protein known as C5a during this condition. Acetyl-peptide-A (AcPepA) is an antisense-homology box-derived peptide, which is capable to inhibit the C5a effects by binding directly to the anaphylatoxin. We hypothesized that the inhibition of C5a can decrease the intensity of inflammatory reactions and in parallel, to normalize the impaired mesenteric circulation. Acute experimental pericardial tamponade (PT) was established in anesthetized minipigs, while partial aorta occlusion (PAO) was induced in rats to investigate the circulatory and inflammatory changes of NOMI in clinically relevant time frames. After the relief of PT, elevated levels of oxidative stress markers and inflammatory mediators were detected in association with the signs of diminished splanchnic microcirculation. 24 hours after PAO the macrocirculatory parameters improved significantly, while the intramural microcirculation was significantly impaired and accompanied by increased leukocyte infiltration. The in vivo histology confirmed the structural and microvascular damage of the mucosa. In both animal models of NOMI, the administration of AcPepA moderated the hemodynamic changes, improved the intramural microcirculation, reduced the inflammatory activations and the histological signs of mucosal damage. In conclusion we can say that our newly developed animal models provide a cross section for events in the short and long time frames and proved to be suitable for the investigations of the pathophysiology of NOMI. The hemodynamic changes in the acute PT together with those observed after PAO suggest that complement activation plays central role in the early and late macro- and microcirculatory disturbances during NOMI. The results suggest that C5a inhibitor treatment influences favourably the hemodynamic effects and reduces the potentially harmful inflammatory activation after experimental NOMI as well

Examination of the vascularization of fetal kidney with three-dimensional power Doppler technique in pregnancies complicated by increased maternal blood pressure

The goal of this study was to investigate the fetal renal vascularization during the third trimester of gestation and the perinatal outcome in pregnancies diagnosed with hypertension. Depending on the medical history, the cases were divided into two groups: chronic hypertension group and gestational hypertension group. The vascularization and the volume of kidneys were observed in prenatal period by three-dimensional ultrasound. We monitored gestations and perinatal complications. Renal volume and vascularization were detected in 45 cases complicated by gestational hypertension and 21 cases with chronic hypertension during the 20-month study period. The alteration in fetal renal volume and vascularization may be an in utero cause of subsequent intrauterine and neonatal complications, such as Cesarean section because of fetal distress (36%), perinatal infection (24%), treatment in neonatal intensive care unit (39%), or increased perinatal mortality (1%) in affected cases. The results demonstrate that fetuses with depressed vascularization of medullae had 1.5 times the risk of an abnormal outcome compared to the control group. The volume of kidneys had a strong correlation with their vascularization. Detailed ultrasound examinations of renal parenchyma appear to be useful for the prenatal diagnosis of intrauterine hypoxia, allowing the detection of potential pathological fetal conditions in utero

Humán és brojler csirke eredetű Salmonella Infantis törzsek antibiotikumrezisztenciája és klonalitása

A vizsgálat során emberi megbetegedésekből, brojler csirkék bélsár és húsmintáiból valamint néhány egyéb állati mintából izolált, 2004-2005-bål származó összesen 132 recens és 6 1994-ben izolált Salmonella Infantis törzsbål álló gyéjteményt jellemeztünk feno- és genotipizáló módszerekkel. Meghatároztuk a törzsek fágtípusát és vizsgáltuk a jelentősebb antibiotikumokkal szembeni érzékenységüket. Az egyes tapasztalt antibiotikumrezisztenciák hátterében álló géneket, valamit ezek esetleges integronos elhelyezkedését PCR módszerrel tártuk fel. A törzsek közötti genetikai rokonságot pulzáltatott mezejé gélelekroforézissel és plazmid mintázat analízissel határoztuk meg. A kimutatott plazmid átvihetåségét konjugációs kísérletekben vizsgáltuk. Az ország legkülönbözåbb helyeirål származó recens törzseink többsége – a régebbi izolátumokkal szemben – 2 egymáshoz közeli rokon fágtípusba, a 213 és 217 fágtípusokba tartozott és multirezisztensnek bizonyult, jellemzåen nalidixinsav-streptomycin-szulfonamid-tetraciklin rezisztenciaképpel. E rezisztenciák közül a streptomycin és szulfonamid rezisztenciákat egy 1-es típusú integron, a tetraciklin rezisztenciát pedig a tet(A) gén kódolja. Az integron és a tet(A) gén is – a törzsek zömében megtalálható – nagy plazmidon helyezkednek el, amely plazmid segítségével – konjugáció révén, horizontális géntranszferrel – más törzsekbe is átjuthatnak. A törzsek 66%-a ugyanabba a genetikai klónba tartozónak bizonyult emberi, illetve állati eredetüktål függetlenül. Eredményeink szerint úgy ténik, hogy a brojler csirke rezervoárja lehet a jellemzett multirezisztens Salmonella Infantis klónhoz tatozó törzseknek, amelyek a csirkehússal a fogyasztókig is eljuthatnak. In this study a Salmonella Infantis strain collection, which was set up from 132 recent (2004-2005) and 6 older (1994) isolates originating from broiler chicken faeces and meat as well as from human stool samples, was characterised by pheno- and genotyping methods. All strains were phage typed and their susceptibility to 10 important antimicrobial agents was tested. The presence of the antimicrobial resistance genes and their possible location on a class 1 integron was investigated by PCR. Genetic relatedness of the isolates was tested by PFGE and plasmid profiling. The transferability of the detected large plasmid was tested in conjugation experiments. In contrast to the older isolates the recent ones belonged to only two, closely related phage types, the phage types 213 and 217 and were characterised by nalidixic acid-streptomycin-sulphonamide-tetracycline resistance type. Out of these resistances the streptomycin and sulphonamide were encoded by the aadA1 and sul1 genes, both of which were located on a class 1 integron. In most cases the tetracycline resistance was coded by the tet(A) gene. The class 1 integron and the tet(A) gene were located on a large, conjugative plasmid, which can promote the spread of these resistance elements (e. g. via horizontal gene transfer). A 66% of the isolates represented one genetic clone, irrespectively of the origin, as determined by XbaI PFGE fingerprinting. It seems that broiler chicken constitute a reservoir for one large (and few smaller) multidrug-resistant Salmonella Infantis clones in Hungary, which might have spread to humans through chicken meat

A gyermek 6 (1912) 05

A gyermek A Magyar Gyermektanulmányi Társaság közlönye 6. évfolyam Budapest, 1912. A folyóirat 1908-ig a Gyermekvédelmi lap mellékleteként, 1909-től mint önálló lap jelent meg

A gyermek 3 (1909) 04

A gyermek A Magyar Gyermektanulmányi Társaság közlönye 3. évfolyam, 4. szám Budapest, 1909. A folyóirat 1908-ig a Gyermekvédelmi lap mellékleteként, 1909-től mint önálló lap jelent meg