Um estudo sobre a percepção dos moradores de uma área de ocupação irregular, no município de Angra dos Reis, RJ, a respeito das arboviroses dengue, Zika e Chikungunya

Os assentamentos irregulares constituem um desafio ao desenvolvimento das cidades, apresentando um cenário de carência dos serviços públicos e políticas que gerenciem o uso e a ocupação do solo. Como consequência, observa-se impactos ambientais relacionados à circulação de doenças e a proliferação dos seus vetores, como, por exemplo, o Aedes aegypti. Sabendo que a circulação dessas doenças está relacionada à forma como o ser humano intervém no meio e aos hábitos cotidianos, estudos que busquem relacionar os fatores sociais e ambientais com a re-emergência dessas arboviroses fornecem importantes subsídios que norteiam o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas condizentes com as necessidades reais da população. Partindo desse princípio, o presente estudo busca analisar a percepção dos moradores de uma área de assentamento irregular, na região do Bracuí, Angra dos Reis, RJ, a respeito das arboviroses Dengue, Zika e Chikungunya. Busca-se, assim, através de um estudo de caso, reforçar a importância da compreensão das relações entre a natureza e a sociedade para o direcionamento de políticas públicas. Essa região, em particular o bairro Itinga, é resultado de um processo de invasão e grilagem potencializado na década de 90, onde essas ocupações tornaram-se cada vez mais expressivas e trouxeram consigo problemas relacionados ao uso inadequado do solo, riscos ambientais e a precariedade nos serviços públicos prestados à comunidade. Em 2016 um Diagnóstico Ambiental Participativo foi desenvolvido no bairro, o qual forneceu importantes dados sobre as condições ambientais e a qualidade de vida da população. O presente estudo consiste em uma pesquisa qualitativa relacionada as arboviroses, suas formas de transmissão e as ações preventivas a partir da percepção dos moradores. Diante disso, verifica-se que o conhecimento prévio dos moradores entrevistados a respeito dessas doenças está relacionado tanto as informações transmitidas pelas campanhas sanitárias difundidas pelos veículos midiáticos, como aquelas que circulam através da interação entre a população. Observou-se que os moradores entrevistados possuem métodos naturais para o controle dessas doenças e apontam, também, os principais problemas que estão relacionados a proliferação do vetor na comunidade. Conclui-se, assim, que essa percepção deve ser valorizada na elaboração de projetos relacionados não só ao combate das doenças estudadas, mas a promoção de saúde em todos os seus âmbitos

Verbreitung und Abundanz von Beta patula Aiton und anderen mit Kulturrüben verwandten Wildarten auf Madeira

In the Archipelago of Madeira four crop wild relatives of beets are native: Beta patula, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, Patellifolia procumbens, and Patellifolia patellaris. All species are valuable genetic resources for the sugar beet breeding. Only in the very eastern part of the Madeira Island on the islet Ilhéu do Desembarcadouro and Ilhéu Chão the endemic species Beta patula can be found. On both islets the plant number of this very rare species, and of the two widely distributed species B. vulgaris subsp. maritima and P. procumbens was established and the habitat described. The results of the species census are presented. The establishment of a genetic reserve for Beta patula is suggested in this paper with the objective to protect this species more effectively.Auf Madeira und benachbarten Inseln sind vier mit Kulturrüben verwandte Wildarten heimisch: Beta patula, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, Patellifolia procumbens, and Patellifolia patellaris. Alle Arten sind wertvolle genetische Ressourcen für die Zuckerrübenzüchtung. Die endemische Art Beta patula kommt nur im östlichen Teil von Madeira auf den Schären Ilhéu do Desembarcadouro und Ilhéu Chão vor. Auf beiden Schären wurde die Anzahl der Individuen dieser sehr seltenen Art sowie von zwei weiter verbreiteten Arten, B. vulgaris subsp. maritima und P. procumbens, ermittelt und ihr Lebensraum beschrieben. Die Einrichtung eines genetischen Schutzgebietes für Beta patula wird in diesem Beitrag vorgeschlagen, um diese Art effektiver schützen zu können.PNM (Parque Natural da Madeira), Dra. Rosa Pires, the Nature Wardens of PNM (Claudio Alves, Gil Pereira, João Paulo Mendes, Nelson Santos, Isamberto Silva and Filipe Viveiros), Paulo Costa, as well as the Portuguese Navy for the safety navigation to “Ilhéu Chão” and back to the Madeira Island. We would also like to thank DRIGOT for providing us with all the necessary maps. This work is part of Workpage 6, case study Beta, of the EU project “An integrated European in situ management work plan: implementing genetic reserves and on farm concepts”, AGRI GENRES 057, coordinated by the Julius Kühn-Institute and co-funded by the EU Commission, DG AGRI within the framework of council regulation 870/2004.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Distribution and abundance of Beta patula Aiton and other crop wild relatives of cultivated beets on Madeira

Auf Madeira und benachbarten Inseln sind vier mit Kulturrüben verwandte Wildarten heimisch: Beta patula, Beta vulgaris subsp. maritima, Patellifolia procumbens, and Patellifolia patellaris. Alle Arten sind wertvolle genetische Ressourcen für die Zuckerrübenzüchtung. Die endemische Art Beta patula kommt nur im östlichen Teil von Madeira auf den Schären Ilhéu do Desembarcadouro und Ilhéu Chão vor. Auf beiden Schären wurde die Anzahl der Individuen dieser sehr seltenen Art sowie von zwei weiter verbreiteten Arten, B. vulgaris subsp. mari­tima und P. procumbens, ermittelt und ihr Lebensraum beschrieben. Die Einrichtung eines genetischen Schutzgebietes für Beta patula wird in diesem Beitrag vorgeschlagen, um diese Art effektiver schützen zu können.In the Archipelago of Madeira four crop wild relatives of beets are native: Beta patula, Beta vulgaris subsp. mari­tima, Patellifolia procumbens, and Patellifolia patellaris. All species are valuable genetic resources for the sugar beet breeding. Only in the very eastern part of the Madeira Island on the islet Ilhéu do Desembarcadouro and Ilhéu Chão the endemic species Beta patula can be found. On both islets the plant number of this very rare species, and of the two widely distributed species B. vulgaris subsp. maritima and P. procumbens was established and the habitat described. The results of the species census are presented. The establishment of a genetic reserve for Beta patula is suggested in this paper with the objective to protect this species more effectively

Morphological evaluation of common bean diversity on the Island of Madeira

The variability of fifty populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), representing a wide range of ecological conditions on the Island of Madeira, was evaluated based on morphological and reproductive traits. Individual data of 58 traits related to earliness, plant and tassel structure and the shape of the ear and grain were analysed using multivariate analysis. The populations belonging to two major common varieties were clustered into fifteen groups by their degree of dissimilarity, based on discriminant analysis. The dissimilarity of these groups was con- firmed by one way ANOVA. The racial rank of these groups was proposed and a brief description of the common bean landraces was presented. This work represents the first morphological characterization and analysis of diversity of bean germplasm from the Archipelago of Madeira, where the traditional agricultural practices are still keeping this Portuguese region free from improved bean varieties. The description of the Madeiran bean landraces allows the preservation of the existing bean biodiversity and could be used for their registration as conservation landraces, or for conservation and breeding purposes worldwide.The European Union has sponsored this work through the INTERREG IIIB programme, through the project Germobanco Agrı´cola da Macarone´sia, 05/MAC/4.1/ C15. The Authors are grateful to the Madeiran farmers who assisted with collection of bean samples.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Breve revisão sobre uso de fauna medicinal no Brasil: aspectos históricos, farmacológicos e conservacionistas

The treatment of human and animal aliments by using drugs based on extracts obtained from animals, or ultimately derivedfrom them, is known as zootherapy. Although this is a relatively common practice, studies on this subject are relativelyscarce when compared to those that are focused on traditional plant-based medicines. In Brazil, 326 animals are exploitedfor medicinal purposes, most of which are wild species. The number of literature records on the medicinal uses of animalsis much lower than those on the use of medicinal plants and their implications, which suggests the need to develop moreresearch on the topic. Among the many factors that highlight the importance of a greater understanding of zootherapy, are:historical perspectives, aspects related to conservation, the validation of traditional medicines, and the difficulties indeveloping research on the medicinal fauna. In this study, we provide a brief discussion of each topic.O tratamento de doenças em humanos e em animais por meio do uso de remédios obtidos de animais ou departes destes é conhecido como zooterapia. Apesar de constituir uma prática relativamente comum, estudos sobre estetema são relativamente escassos quando comparados àqueles que abordam a temática de remédios tradicionais obtidos deplantas. No Brasil, já foram registrados 326 animais explorados para finalidades medicinais, a maioria das quais é silvestre.A literatura acerca dos usos de animais medicinais é numericamente bastante inferior aos registros da utilização de plantasmedicinais e suas implicações, o que potencializa a necessidade do desenvolvimento de mais pesquisas sobre o tema. Entreos diversos fatores que ressaltam a importância de uma maior compreensão da zooterapia, destacam-se: perspectivashistóricas, aspectos relacionados à conservação e à validação desses medicamentos tradicionais e dificuldades nodesenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre fauna medicinal. No presente trabalho, nós construímos uma breve discussão sobrecada um destes tópicos

Phenotyping the ideotypes of two maize landraces from Madeira archipelago using morpho-agronomic traits and zein pattern

Madeira Archipelago holds specific maize genetic resources whose populations, representing field diversity, were previously classified into four main landrace groups. The ISOPs 0061 and 0070, with common names of “Milho Sequeiro” and “Milho Branco” yellow and white maize, respectively, represent the ideotypes of two of these landraces. These ideotypes have now been analyzed using morpho-agronomic and biochemical traits, to phenotype these landraces. The variation of nine of the ten morpho-agronomic traits was used to separate the landraces ideotypes. However, the seven traits of seed biochemical composition did not allow to segregate the landraces ideotypes. This is not the case of zein pattern, which polymorphism shows to be specific for each ideotype. The original ideotypes populations were regenerated twice under low input conditions. Zein patterns of the original and regenerated accessions were compared, using two electrophoresis techniques. The lab-on-a-chip electrophoresis showed that the standard SDS-PAGE zein pattern with six fractions could be separated into eighteen (ISOP 0061) and twenty (ISOP 0070) protein bands. In contrast, no significant changes were detected in the zein pattern structure of the initial and regenerated accessions of both landraces ideotypes. The chip electrophoresis showed to be a suitable technique to screen and characterize a large number of individuals and accessions of the germplasm collections, due to its reproducibility. In particular, the zein patterns can be used to phenotype ideotypes and establish a formula representing their structure, allowing to detect changes in landrace structure, occurring as a result of gene bank management actions.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Phenotypic flexibility and drought avoidance in taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott)

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is a substantial staple food in most of the tropical regions. Prolonged exposure to drought impairs crop production worldwide. Tolerant crops have the best capability to cope and avoid drought, through phenotypic flexibility mechanisms. The water use efficiency (WUE) is well known in taro crops, but very scarce information is available relating to their nutrient efficiency (NER) in drought conditions. Our work provided pertinent information about the physiological variation of seven taro accessions subjected to seven months of drought, by recording the differences for nutrient allocation, chlorophyll canopy, biomass loss, and stress intensity. Significant relationships between control and drought treatments on WUE (+85%), total plant biomass (TPB, -26.8%), chlorophyll content index (CCI, +1.8%), and nutrient harvest index (NHI, +0.2%) were detected. Drought led to a generalized loss of TPB as drought avoidance strategy, although distinct phenotypic flexibility was observed through the root: shoot ratio (R:S) and stress index (SI) from the corm and shoot organs. The nutrient allocation from the corms to shoots, with NER increase registered in drought conditions, can be a valuable tool to complement the TPB and WUE productivity traits, to be used in taro breeding programs.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Anticipating the Climate Change Impacts on Madeira’s Agriculture: The Characterization and Monitoring of a Vine Agrosystem

Climate—Madeira Strategy (CMS) foresees two models to describe the climate scenarios for the Madeira region in 2050 and 2070. These scenarios anticipate an average temperature rise of 1.4 to 3.7 ◦C and a decrease in precipitation by 30 to 40%. Consequently, Madeira’s agriculture will suffer the impacts of climate change. To understand these impacts, a baseline of major agrosystem components needs to be established, with the ultimate goal to monitor its consequences in its functioning. CASBio project used the 1961–1991 and 2010–2020 meteorological data series to modulate climate conditions and characterize and monitor six agrosystems for 2 years. One of them was a vineyard, Quinta das Vinhas, representing a typical agrosystem in the Mediterranean climate. The annual and seasonal variation in climatic parameters, soil conditions, microbiological communities, floristic and insect diversity, and crop production was assessed, using a total of 50 parameters. The results were used to establish a baseline of the agrosystem components and their seasonal and annual variation. The major findings are: (i) winter and summer extreme events show a trend in temperature and precipitation supporting a fast change in climate; (ii) a critical imbalance between nitrogen fixing and denitrifying bacteria was identified, especially in summer, that could be determined by the rise in temperature and drought; (iii) among floristic diversity, the therophytes and geophytes confirm to be the most suitable indicators for the rise in temperature and reduction in precipitation in the agrosystems; (iv) an imbalance in favor of C. capitata plague was observed, associated with the summer rise in temperature and decrease in precipitation; (v) despite an increase in most of the grape varieties production, the Madeiran wine local varieties were shown to be less stable in productivity under observed climate conditions. The agrosystem baseline is a starting point for long term monitoring and allows for further quantifying the influence of climate change on agrosystem productivity, resilience, and sustainability.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio