Transmission control of schistosomiasis mansoni in a low endemicity area through a single intervention with rigorous prospection of infected cases treated with praziquantel: evaluation after 7 years of intervention

A prospective cohort study with rigorous searching for schistosomiasis cases was conducted among residents of Pedra Preta, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, seven years after an intervention. Kato-Katz (KK), Saline Gradient, Miracidia Hatch and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used as the diagnostic methods in 2008. In the period of 2013-2016, 175 patients remaining in the area were examined using the diagnostic methods Kato-Katz (24 slides, 1 g of feces) and Saline Gradient (2 procedures, 1 g of feces). Sixty-eight out of the 69 infected and treated individuals in 2008 tested negative. The percentage of new cases was 2.29% (4/175), and the 4 infected individuals presented low parasitic load [1, 6, 7 and 19 eggs per gram (EPG)]. All the participants answered epidemiological questionnaires on risky behavior. All residences had pit latrines and domiciliary water supply. The primary transmission focus (lake) was dry for several months. Malacological surveys showed a few non-infected specimens of Biomphalaria glabrata. A clear dominance of Biomphalaria straminea was observed. It can be inferred that a significant decrease in the disease transmission occurred after a single action through an intense search for infected and treated cases under the ecoepidemiological conditions of this area

Raiva em morcegos Artibeus lituratus em Montes Claros, Estado de Minas Gerais Rabies in Artibeus lituratus bats in Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais

Apresentam-se os primeiros isolamentos do vírus da raiva em morcegos frugívoros, espécie Artibeus lituratus em Montes Claros, Minas Gerais. Diagnosticou-se através da reação de imunofluorescência direta, prova biológica e tipificação viral. Embora a raiva canina esteja controlada na cidade, o vírus rábico continua circulante em morcegos na área urbana.The first isolation of the rabies virus in frugivorous bats of the species Artibeus lituratus in Montes Claros, State of Minas Gerais, is presented. The diagnosis was obtained through the direct immunofluorescence reaction, biological tests and viral profiling. Although canine rabies is under control in this city, the rabies virus continues to circulate in bats in the urban area

O uso de SIG para estudo da esquistossomose em uma área endêmica de Minas Gerais

This study intends to identify the spatial distribution of patients infected with Schistosoma mansoni before and after treatment as well as to define areas of disease transmission at the location. The study was carried out in Pedra Preta, a village in the municipality of Montes Claros, Minas Gerais in the year 2008. The Kato Katz technique was applied for the parasitological survey. A GPS receiver was used for the spatial location of the participants residences and possible breeding sites of Biomphalaria spp. snails. A total number of 55 participants infected with schistosomiasis were identified among the inhabitants of the locality, indicating a prevalence of 28%. The patients were re-examined 30, 90, 180 and 360 days after treatment with Praziquantel and showed a prevalence of 13%, 2%, 46% and 19%, respectively. All infected patients are living in a mean distance of 250-1000 meters to the same little pond, where a considerable number of B. glabrata was found. This little pond is used for recreational activities and its drainage cuts a road that serves as passage for the residents. The results show that GIS is a useful tool in the control of schistosomiasis, which can reduce costs and lead the fieldwork.Pages: 8592-859

Evaluation of two coproscopic techniques for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in a low-transmission areain the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2014-07-09T18:54:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluation of two .pdf: 359758 bytes, checksum: 2ce69d9aa51d2712b9842754ccd39461 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-09T18:54:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluation of two .pdf: 359758 bytes, checksum: 2ce69d9aa51d2712b9842754ccd39461 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Helmintologia e Malacologia Médica. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil / Universidade Vale do Rio Doce. Laboratório de Parasitologia Governador Valadares. Governador Valares, MG, Brasil.This population study, which evaluated two parasitological methods for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis mansoni, was performed in a low-transmission area in Pedra Preta, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil. A total of 201 inhabitants of the rural area participated in this research. Four stool samples were obtained from all participants and analysed using the Kato-Katz method (18 slides) and a commercial test, the TF-Test®, which was performed quantitatively. The data were analysed to determine prevalence, the sensitivity of the diagnostic methods, the worm burden and the definition of the "gold standard", which was obtained by totalling the results of all samples examined using the Kato-Katz technique and the TF-Test®. The results showed that the prevalence obtained from the examination of one Kato-Katz slide (the methodology adopted by the Brazilian control programme) was 8% compared to 35.8% from the "gold standard", which was a 4.5-fold difference. This result indicates that the prevalence of schistosomiasis in so-called low-transmission areas is significantly underestimated

Improvement of POC-CCA Interpretation by Using Lyophilization of Urine from Patients with Schistosoma mansoni Low Worm Burden: Towards an Elimination of Doubts about the Concept of Trace.

BACKGROUND:Accurate diagnostic techniques for schistosomiasis are essential for prevalence determination and identification of positive patients. A point-of-care test for detecting schistosome circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) has been evaluated for its accuracy in different endemic regions. This reagent strip/dipstick based assay has showed high sensitivity for individuals with high or moderate worm burden, but the interpretation of light infections is less clear, especially for trace readings. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS:We introduced a urine lyophilization step to the POC-CCA assay to improve its sensitivity and clarify the interpretation of traces. We evaluated POC-CCA sensitivity and specificity within individuals with low parasite burdens in a Brazilian endemic area where a high number of traces were detected. Patients that were positive for other helminths were also evaluated for cross reactions. In all cases, a combined parasitological diagnosis using Kato-Katz (24 slides) and Saline Gradient (1 g of feces) were used as reference. At baseline, diagnosis by POC-CCA (1-2 cassettes) showed 6% sensitivity, inaccurately predicting a low prevalence of Schistosoma mansoni infections (2 POC-CCA positives/32 egg positives). After urine lyophilization, the sensitivity was increased significantly (p < 0.05). Prevalence rates changed from 2% to 32% (27 POC-CCA positives/32 egg positives), equivalent to parasitological techniques. Most of the trace readings changed to positive after lyophilization while some negatives turned into traces. Cross reaction analysis confirmed the specificity of POC-CCA. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE:Trace readings cannot be primarily defined as positive or negative cases. It is critical to verify case-by-case by concentrating urine 10 fold by lyophilization for the diagnosis. Following lyophilization, persistent trace readings should be read as negatives. No trained technician is needed and cost is restricted to the cost of a lyophilizer and the electricity to run it

Transmission control of schistosomiasis mansoni in a low endemicity area through a single intervention with rigorous prospection of infected cases treated with praziquantel: evaluation after 7 years of intervention

Submitted by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2020-01-31T15:33:29Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Transmission control of schistosomiasis.pdf: 3308798 bytes, checksum: 1f5470d2c599e4496380006d1b88f114 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Nuzia Santos ([email protected]) on 2020-01-31T15:40:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Transmission control of schistosomiasis.pdf: 3308798 bytes, checksum: 1f5470d2c599e4496380006d1b88f114 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-31T15:40:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Transmission control of schistosomiasis.pdf: 3308798 bytes, checksum: 1f5470d2c599e4496380006d1b88f114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil / Centro de Controle de Zoonoses. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil / Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.Universidade Estadual de Montes Claros. Montes Claros, MG, Brasil.Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto René Rachou. Laboratório de Esquistossomose. Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil.A prospective cohort study with rigorous searching for schistosomiasis cases was conducted among residents of Pedra Preta, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, seven years after an intervention. Kato-Katz (KK), Saline Gradient, Miracidia Hatch and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used as the diagnostic methods in 2008. In the period of 2013-2016, 175 patients remaining in the area were examined using the diagnostic methods Kato-Katz (24 slides, 1 g of feces) and Saline Gradient (2 procedures, 1 g of feces). Sixty-eight out of the 69 infected and treated individuals in 2008 tested negative. The percentage of new cases was 2.29% (4/175), and the 4 infected individuals presented low parasitic load [1, 6, 7 and 19 eggs per gram (EPG)]. All the participants answered epidemiological questionnaires on risky behavior. All residences had pit latrines and domiciliary water supply. The primary transmission focus (lake) was dry for several months. Malacological surveys showed a few non-infected specimens of Biomphalaria glabrata. A clear dominance of Biomphalaria straminea was observed. It can be inferred that a significant decrease in the disease transmission occurred after a single action through an intense search for infected and treated cases under the ecoepidemiological conditions of this area

Schistosomiasis positivity based on POC-CCA, Kato-Katz and Saline Gradient among 84 individuals, Brazil.

<p>Schistosomiasis positivity based on POC-CCA, Kato-Katz and Saline Gradient among 84 individuals, Brazil.</p