Security analysis of the Milenage-construction based on a PRF

This paper analyses the security of the so-called Milenage construction, developed by ETSI SAGE, when it is based on a non-one-to-one pseudo-random function (PRF) rather than a one-to-one pseudo-random permutation (PRP). It is shown that Milenage based on an $n$-bit random function and producing $t$ $n$-bit outputs, is indistinguishable from a random $tn$-bit function up to $q = O(2^{n/2}/t)$ queries. We also extend the existing security proof for PRP-based Milenage due to Gilbert by generalising the model and incorporating the Milenage message authentication function in the proof

Gender differences in trends of acute myocardial infarction events: The Northern Sweden MONICA study 1985 – 2004

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The registration of non-fatal and fatal MI events initiated 1985 in the WHO MONICA project has been ongoing in northern Sweden since the end of the WHO project in 1995. The purpose of the present study was to analyze gender differences in first and recurrent events, case fatality and mortality in myocardial infarction (MI) in Northern Sweden during the 20-year period 1985 – 2004.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Diagnosed MI events in subjects aged 25–64 years in the Counties of Norrbotten and Västerbotten were validated according to the MONICA protocol. The total number of events registered up to January 1, 2005 was 11,763: 9,387 in men and 2,376 in women.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The proportion of male/female events has decreased from 5.5:1 to 3:1. For males the reductions were 30% and 70% for first and recurrent MI, respectively, and for women 0% and 40% in the 55–64 year group. For both sexes a 50% reduction in 28-day case fatality was seen in the 25–64 year-group. Mortality was reduced by 69% and 45% in men and women, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>First and recurrent events of myocardial infarction was markedly reduced in men over the 20-year observation period, but for women the reduction was seen only for recurrent infarctions. Case fatality, on the other hand, was markedly reduced for both sexes. As a result of the positive effects on incidence and case fatality a substantial reduction was seen in total mortality, most pronounced for men.</p

Better long-term survival in young and middle-aged women than in men after a first myocardial infarction between 1985 and 2006. an analysis of 8630 patients in the Northern Sweden MONICA Study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is conflicting and only scant evidence on the effect of gender on long-term survival after a myocardial infarction (MI). Our aim was to analyse sex-specific survival of patients for up to 23 years after a first MI in northern Sweden and to describe time trends.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The Northern Sweden MONICA Myocardial Infarction Registry was linked to The Swedish National Cause of Death Registry for a total of 8630 patients, 25 to 64 years of age, 6762 men and 1868 women, with a first MI during 1985-2006. Also deaths before admission to hospital were included. Follow-up ended on August 30, 2008.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Median follow-up was 7.1 years, maximum 23 years and the study included 70 072 patient-years. During the follow-up 45.3% of the men and 43.7% of the women had died. Median survival for men was 187 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 179-194) and for women 200 months (95% CI 186-214). The hazard ratio (HR) for all cause mortality after adjustment for age group was 1.092 (1.010-1.18, <it>P </it>= 0.025) for females compared to males, <it>i.e</it>. 9 percent higher survival in women. After excluding subjects who died before reaching hospital HR declined to 1.017 (95%CI 0.93-1.11, <it>P </it>= 0.7). For any duration of follow-up a higher proportion of women were alive, irrespective of age group. The 5-year survivals were 75.3% and 77.5%, in younger (<57 years) men and women and were 65.5% and 66.3% in older (57-64 years) men and women, respectively. For each of four successive cohorts survival improved. Survival time was longer for women than for men in all age groups.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Age-adjusted survival was higher among women than men after a first MI and has improved markedly and equally in both men and women over a 23-year period. This difference was due to lower risk for women to die before reaching hospital.</p

Cryptographically Secure CRC for Lightweight Message Authentication

A simple and practical hashing scheme based on Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) is presented. Similarly to previously proposed cryptographically secure CRCs, the presented one detects both, random and malicious, errors without increasing bandwidth. However, we use a product of irreducible polynomials instead of a single irreducible polynomial for generating the CRC. This is an advantage since smaller irreducible polynomials are easier to compute. The price we pay is that the probability that two different messages map into the same CRC increases. We provide a detailed quantitative analysis of the achieved security as a function of message and CRC sizes. The presented method seems to be particularly attractive for the authentication of short messages

Formation of the Scandinavian Obesity Surgery Registry, SOReg.

Obesity surgery is expanding, the quality of care is ever more important, and learning curve assessment should be established. A large registry cohort can show long-term effects on obesity and its comorbidities, complications, and long-term side effects of surgery, as well as changes in health-related quality of life (QoL). Sweden is ideally suited to the task of data collection and audit, with universal use of personal identification numbers, nation-wide registries permitting cross-matching to analyze causes of death, in-hospital care, and health-related absenteeism

Remotely Managed Logic Built-In Self-Test for Secure M2M Communications

A rapid growth of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications is expected in the coming years. M2M applications create new challenges for in-field testing since they typically operate in environments where human supervision is difficult or impossible. In addition, M2M networks may be significant in size. We propose to automate Logic Built-In Self-Test (LBIST) by using a centralized test management system which can test all end-point M2M devices in the same network. Such a method makes possible transferring some of the LBIST functionality from the devices under test to the test management system. This is important for M2M devices which have very limited computing resources and commonly are battery-powered. In addition, the presented method provides protection against both random and malicious faults including some types of hardware Trojans

Bit Extraction, Hard-Core Predicates, and the Bit Security Of RSA

This thesis presents results on bit security and bit extraction. 1. A functio