N,N,N′,N′-Tetra­methyl-N,N′-dipropyl­ethane-1,2-diaminium tetra­chlorido­cobaltate(II)

The crystal structure of the title compound, (C12H30N2)[CoCl4], is composed of discrete (C12H30N2)2+ cations and [CoCl4]2− anions. The asymmetric unit contains a half-cation and a half-anion. The atoms of the cation occupy general positions about an inversion centre, which is located at the midpoint of the central C—C bond. The Co atoms lie on a twofold rotation axis. The slightly distorted tetra­hedral coordination environment around the metal atom consists of two Cl atoms and their symmetry-related pairs

Real-time measurements of dissipative solitons in a mode-locked fiber laser

Dissipative solitons are remarkable localized states of a physical system that arise from the dynamical balance between nonlinearity, dispersion and environmental energy exchange. They are the most universal form of soliton that can exist in nature, and are seen in far-from-equilibrium systems in many fields including chemistry, biology, and physics. There has been particular interest in studying their properties in mode-locked lasers producing ultrashort light pulses, but experiments have been limited by the lack of convenient measurement techniques able to track the soliton evolution in real-time. Here, we use dispersive Fourier transform and time lens measurements to simultaneously measure real-time spectral and temporal evolution of dissipative solitons in a fiber laser as the turn-on dynamics pass through a transient unstable regime with complex break-up and collision dynamics before stabilizing to a regular mode-locked pulse train. Our measurements enable reconstruction of the soliton amplitude and phase and calculation of the corresponding complex-valued eigenvalue spectrum to provide further physical insight. These findings are significant in showing how real-time measurements can provide new perspectives into the ultrafast transient dynamics of complex systems.Comment: See also M. Narhi, P. Ryczkowski, C. Billet, G. Genty, J. M. Dudley, Ultrafast Simultaneous Real Time Spectral and Temporal Measurements of Fibre Laser Modelocking Dynamics, 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Europe & European Quantum Electronics Conference, paper EE-3.5 (2017

Effect of slow-release FSH on embryo recovery in dairy cows

AETE, Bath, UK, 8-9 September, 2017201

N,N′-Dibutyl-N,N,N′,N′-tetra­methyl­ethane-1,2-diaminium μ-oxido-bis­[trichloridoferrate(III)]

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C14H34N2)[Fe2Cl6O], contains one complete cation, two half-cations and two anions. The two half-cations are completed by crystallographic inversion symmetry. The FeIII atoms adopt fairly regular FeCl3O tetra­hedral geometries, although the bridging Fe—O—Fe bond angles differ significantly in the two anions, which both adopt an eclipsed conformation. In the crystal, the components are linked by C—H⋯Cl and C—H⋯O inter­actions

Bis(tetra­phenyl­phospho­nium) di-μ-iodido-bis[di­iodido­tellurate(II)]

The structure of the title compound, (C24H20P)2[Te2I6], is composed of discrete PPh4 + cations and centrosymmetric [Te2I6]2− anions. The tellurium(II) atom shows a sligthly distorted square-planar TeI4 geometry and is coordinated to two bridging and two terminal iodine atoms. The planar [Te2I6]2− ions are isolated by the cations and no inter­molecular tellurium–halogen or halogen–halogen inter­actions are present

Oral health assessment in domiciliary care service planning of older people

ObjectivesThe aim was to examine importance and consideration of oral health‐related issues (OHRIs) during service planning by the case managers (CMs).Methods and resultsThe study was conducted in a major Finnish city. All 25 CMs, supervising over 450 domiciliary care employees who are caring for 4600 domiciliary care clients, received a multiple‐choice questionnaire with additional open‐ended questions. CMs were dichotomized by age and educational background. Differences were compared with the chi‐square test and Fisher´s exact test. Response rate was 88%. All CMs considered OHRIs important. However, OHRIs were not routinely considered during service planning, especially by the CMs with a social service than health background (0% vs 30%, P ConclusionOHRIs are not routinely considered in service planning. This study indicated a need for structured guidelines and further education for assess the need for oral home care assistance.</div

Real-time measurements of spontaneous breathers and rogue wave events in optical fibre modulation instability

Modulation instability is a fundamental process of nonlinear science, leading to the unstable breakup of a constant amplitude solution of a physical system. There has been particular interest in studying modulation instability in the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, a generic model for a host of nonlinear systems including superfluids, fibre optics, plasmas and Bose–Einstein condensates. Modulation instability is also a significant area of study in the context of understanding the emergence of high amplitude events that satisfy rogue wave statistical criteria. Here, exploiting advances in ultrafast optical metrology, we perform real-time measurements in an optical fibre system of the unstable breakup of a continuous wave field, simultaneously characterizing emergent modulation instability breather pulses and their associated statistics. Our results allow quantitative comparison between experiment, modelling and theory, and are expected to open new perspectives on studies of instability dynamics in physics

SOX9 has distinct roles in the formation and progression of different non-small cell lung cancer histotypes

The transcription factor SOX9 is a key regulator of multiple developmental processes and is frequently re-expressed in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Its precise role in the progression of NSCLC histotypes has, however, remained elusive. We show that SOX9 expression relates to poor overall survival and invasive histopathology in human non-mucinous adenocarcinoma and is absent in murine early minimally invasive and low in human in situ adenocarcinoma. Interestingly, despite wide SOX9 expression across advanced NSCLC histotypes, its genetic deletion in the murine Kras(G12D);Lkb1(fl/fl) model selectively disrupted only the growth of papillary NSCLC, without affecting the initiation of precursor lesions or growth of mucinous or squamous tissue. Spatial tissue phenotyping indicated a requirement of SOX9 expression for the progression of surfactant protein C-expressing progenitor cells, which gave rise to papillary tumours. Intriguingly, while SOX9 expression was dispensable for squamous tissue formation, its loss in fact led to enhanced squamous tumour metastasis, which was associated with altered collagen IV deposition in the basement membrane. Our work therefore demonstrates histopathology-selective roles for SOX9 in NSCLC progression, namely as a promoter for papillary adenocarcinoma progression, but an opposing metastasis-suppressing role in squamous histotype tissue. This attests to a pleiotropic SOX9 function, linked to the cell of origin and microenvironmental tissue contexts. (c) 2021 The Authors. The Journal of Pathology published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. on behalf of The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.Peer reviewe