N,N′-Bis(2-ammonio­benz­yl)ethane-1,2-diammonium–nitrate–perchlorate (1/1.5/2.5)

The title compound, C16H26N4 4+·2.5ClO4 −·1.5NO3 −, is an organic salt in which the cation is a fully protonated tetra­mine. The cation lies on an inversion center and, as a consequence, both benzene rings are parallel. The central chain is found in an all-trans arrangement, a conformation different from that observed in the crystal structure of the non-protonated mol­ecule. The charges are balanced by a mixture of nitrate and perchlorate ions. One site is occupied by an ordered perchlorate ion, while the other contains both nitrate and perchlorate ions, with occupancies of 0.75 and 0.25, respectively. In the crystal, the NH2 + groups of the cation form N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds with the anions. The NH3 + groups also behave as donor groups, allowing the building of chains along [100], alternating cations and disordered anions being connected via N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

Polyaza macroligands as potential agents for heavy metal removal from wastewater

Two polyaza macroligands N,N´-bis(2-aminobenzyl)-1,2- ethanediamine (L1) and 3,6,9,12-tetraaza-4(1,2),11(1,2)-dibenzo-1(1,3)- piridinaciclotridecafano (L2) were characterized and investigated for their metal ion extraction capabilities. The nature of all complexes was established by spectroscopic techniques. The equilibrium constants were determined by spectrophotometric and potentiometric techniques and the residual concentration of metals in the solutions by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS). The capacity of the ligands to remove heavy metals such as Cu(II), Ni(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Pb(II) as insoluble complexes was evaluated in wastewater from industrial effluents. These agents showed high affinity for the studied metals. The values of equilibrium constants of the isolated complexes (between 1 x 104 and 2 x 107) demonstrated the feasibility of applying these chelating agents as an alternative to remove heavy metals from industrial effluents

Comparación de la calidad de tabletas de patente, genéricas y elaboradas para el sector salud para control de diabetes

La calidad de los productos farmacéuticos es sin duda un factor de suma importancia para asegurar el pronto restablecimiento de la salud de los individuos, su bienestar y calidad de vida. Se llevó a cabo un estudio para comparar la calidad de tabletas de patente, genéricas y producidas para el sector salud de metformina y tolbutamida, medicamentos utilizados para el control de la diabetes mellitus. Se determinaron los perfiles de disolución, uniformidad de peso y contenido, valoración de principio activo y desintegración, tomando como base al producto de referencia Rastinon Hoechst para tolbutamida y Dabex en el caso de metformina para la comparación de los productos genéricos y elaborados para el sector salud. Los resultados muestran diferencias en el perfil de disolución in vitro para metformina del sector salud al compararse con el medicamento de referencia. En el caso de tolbutamida tanto el producto genérico como el elaborado para el sector salud mostraron perfiles de disolución similares al producto de referencia. Todos los productos estudia- dos cumplieron satisfactoriamente con los requerimientos de control de calidad, lo que se traduce en buena calidad de los medicamentos analizados

2,2′-(2,6-Pyridinedi­yl)diquinoline

The title mol­ecule, C23H15N3, is a terpyridine derivative resulting from the Friedländer annulation between 2,6-diacetyl­pyridine and N,N′-bis­(2-amino­benz­yl)ethyl­ene­di­amine. The asymmetric unit contains one half-mol­ecule, the complete mol­ecule being generated by a mirror plane (one N atom and one C atom lie on the plane). The mol­ecule, although aromatic, is deformed from planarity as a result of crystal packing forces: mol­ecules are stacked along the short c axis, with a short separation of 3.605 (1) Å between the mean planes. The bent mol­ecular shape is reflected in the dihedral angle of 16.10 (5)° between the essentially planar quinoline groups. In addition to π⋯π inter­actions, the crystal structure features weak inter-stack C—H⋯N contacts involving atoms of the central pyridine rings which lie in a common crystallographic m plane

N,N′-Bis(2-aza­niumylbenz­yl)ethane-1,2-diaminium tetra­chloride

The title compound, C16H26N4 4+·4Cl−, is based on a fully protonated tetra­amine. In the cation, both benzene rings are connected by an all-trans chain, and the rings are almost parallel, with an angle between the mean planes of 8.34 (12)°. The benzene rings are arranged in such a way that the NH3 + substituents are oriented cis with respect to the central chain. This arrangement is a consequence of multiple N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, involving all N—H groups in the cation and the four independent Cl− anions. These contacts have strengths ranging from weak to strong (based on H⋯Cl separations), and generate a complex three-dimensional crystal structure with no preferential crystallographic orientation for the contacts

The Implementation of a Hanbook to Improve Segundo Año de Bachillerato Técnico en Infraestructura Tecnológica y Servicios Informaticos Students' Productive Skills at the Instituto Nacional de El Congo, year 2020

The research team carried out the Holistic Projective Research “The Implementation of a Handbook to improve Segundo Año de Bachillerato Técnico en Infraestructura Tecnológica y Servicios Informáticos Students’ Productive Skills at the Instituto Nacional de El Congo, year 2020.” The purpose of this research is to enhance student’s productive skills through the implementation of a handbook which contains worksheets, readings, role plays, and practices. The study was conducted under the selective sampling procedure. In addition, the researchers stablished one main objective: To propose a handbook to improve students’ productive skills; consequently, three research questions were originated as well. Moreover, the research team carried out the diagnosis by means to identify the opinions students and teacher have about the English subject, and it allowed the investigators to find out the main problem students face. According to the information gathered, the difficulties with productive skills the students have is due to the way the activities are developed in class, and the lack of extra material that is provided. The study involves the use of different tools to gather data such as an observation guide, teacher’s interview guide, and a student questionnaire. Thus, the researchers propose a project to better students’ productive skills through the implementation of the handbook

N,N′-Bis(2-amino­benz­yl)ethane-1,2-diaminium bis­(4-methyl­benzene­sulfonate)

The title salt, C16H24N4 2+·2C7H7O3S−, crystallizes with the dication situated on an inversion center and the anion in a general position. The cation contains two ammonium and two free amine groups, and the observed conformation for the chain linking the benzene rings is different from that found in the free tetra­amine and in the fully protonated tetra­amine. All amine and ammonium H atoms of the cation form hydrogen bonds with eight symmetry-related anions, using the sulfonate O atoms as acceptors. This arrangement for the ions precludes any π–π contacts between benzene rings in the crystal

Impact of Biological Agents on Postsurgical Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease : A Multicentre Study of Geteccu

Background: The impact of biologics on the risk of postoperative complications (PC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still an ongoing debate. This lack of evidence is more relevant for ustekinumab and vedolizumab. Aims: To evaluate the impact of biologics on the risk of PC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 37 centres. Patients treated with biologics within 12 weeks before surgery were considered "exposed". The impact of the exposure on the risk of 30-day PC and the risk of infections was assessed by logistic regression and propensity score-matched analysis. Results: A total of 1535 surgeries were performed on 1370 patients. Of them, 711 surgeries were conducted in the exposed cohort (584 anti-TNF, 58 vedolizumab and 69 ustekinumab). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2-2.0), urgent surgery (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2-2.2), laparotomy approach (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1-1.9) and severe anaemia (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3-2.6) had higher risk of PC, while academic hospitals had significantly lower risk. Exposure to biologics (either anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab) did not increase the risk of PC (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.97-1.58), although it could be a risk factor for postoperative infections (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.03-2.27). Conclusions: Preoperative administration of biologics does not seem to be a risk factor for overall PC, although it may be so for postoperative infections

Impact of Biological Agents on Postsurgical Complications in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Multicentre Study of Geteccu

Background: The impact of biologics on the risk of postoperative complications (PC) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is still an ongoing debate. This lack of evidence is more relevant for ustekinumab and vedolizumab. Aims: To evaluate the impact of biologics on the risk of PC. Methods: A retrospective study was performed in 37 centres. Patients treated with biologics within 12 weeks before surgery were considered “exposed”. The impact of the exposure on the risk of 30-day PC and the risk of infections was assessed by logistic regression and propensity score-matched analysis. Results: A total of 1535 surgeries were performed on 1370 patients. Of them, 711 surgeries were conducted in the exposed cohort (584 anti-TNF, 58 vedolizumab and 69 ustekinumab). In the multivariate analysis, male gender (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.2–2.0), urgent surgery (OR: 1.6; 95% CI: 1.2–2.2), laparotomy approach (OR: 1.5; 95% CI: 1.1–1.9) and severe anaemia (OR: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.3–2.6) had higher risk of PC, while academic hospitals had significantly lower risk. Exposure to biologics (either anti-TNF, vedolizumab or ustekinumab) did not increase the risk of PC (OR: 1.2; 95% CI: 0.97–1.58), although it could be a risk factor for postoperative infections (OR 1.5; 95% CI: 1.03–2.27). Conclusions: Preoperative administration of biologics does not seem to be a risk factor for overall PC, although it may be so for postoperative infections