Atribución causal en educación física y estilo de vida saludable en el alumnado de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria del Ayuntamiento de Oleiros

El presente trabajo se centra en varios aspectos relacionados con la motivación de logro y el estilo de vida saludable en los jóvenes. Se aborda el análisis de elementos que se sitúan dentro del pensamiento del alumno: las atribuciones causales, el autoconcepto fisico y la actitud hacia las clases de educación fisica; factores que se pueden vincular a la participación de los jóvenes. Por otro lado, también se estudia cómo es esa participación, describiéndola y examinando su conexión con algunas variables mediacionales en la práctica fisico-deportiva

Pensamientos relacionados con la actividad física y el género en adolescentes de Galicia

The study is mainly aimed at analyzing some gender-related perceptions in the context of sports. The sample consists of 616 secondary education students from Galicia. A questionnaire was used as the instrument for data collection and the chi-square test was used as analysis strategy. The evidence of a certain progress was found in relation to traditional stereotypes. In addition, significant differences between girls and boys favoring the former were observed, as they have fewer prejudices regarding these conceptions.La finalidad principal de este trabajo es analizar algunas percepciones vinculadas al género en el contexto de la práctica deportiva. La muestra la componen 616 estudiantes de educación secundaria de Galicia. Se utiliza el cuestionario como instrumento de recogida de datos y la estrategia de análisis es la prueba de chi-cuadrado. Se ha demostrado la existencia de cierto avance en relación con los estereotipos tradicionales. Además, observamos diferencias significativas entre chicas y chicos a favor de ellas, que tienen menos prejuicios respecto a estas concepciones

Atribución causal y estructuras de aprendizaje en educación física

[Resumen] La presente comunicación nos acerca a un trabajo contextualizado en el ámbito de la Educación Física en el que se estudia la Atribución Causal (explicación que los alumnos y alumnas dan a su éxito académico en esta materia) en el nivel educativo de la E.S.O., relacionándola con las estructuras de aprendizaje - competitiva, cooperativa e individualista -. El principal objetivo de la misma es describir y analizar la distribución de focos atribucionales en relación con estas estructuras de trabajo-aprendizaje. Además se pretende estudiar si las orientaciones del MEC hacia la potenciación de la estructura de aprendizaje cooperativa son compatibles con la realidad en cuanto al foco atribucional de los alumnos. Para ello, seleccionamos de una muestra de 597 sujetos a aquellos que se sitúan en un foco atribucional determinado y observamos que el que predomina es el relacionado con la estructura de aprendizaje cooperativa, por encima de la individualista y la competitiva. Llama la atención en los resultados que no haya personas que presenten un foco atribucional relativo a la capacidad (tendencia a tener una estructura de trabajo competitiva). En las conclusiones se destaca la importancia que tiene el conocimiento de los focos atribucionales de nuestros alumnos en relación con las estructuras de aprendizaj

Masculine, feminine and neutral sports: Extracurricular sport modalities in practice

The present work constitutes a novel approach to extracurricular sport modalities. The aim was to analyze the participation model and to determine the relevance of sex in this context. Data from 616 students, aged 15 to 17, were collected. The questionnaire on sport lifestyle from a gender perspective (Alvariñas-Villaverde et al., 2009) was used for assessment. The results showed that sport choice corresponds to sports traditionally associated with men or women. Nevertheless, these coexist with other neutral sports. Girls’ practice was more diverse, while boys’ profile was more resistant to changing classic patterns. Specific strategies are needed to make boys become more interested in typically female activities

Sport practice with friends and perceived physical competence as predictors of physical activity in adolescents

Understanding which factors influence participation in physical activity is essential for the development and improvement of public health intervention. The aim of this study was to provide an explanatory prediction model for physical activity level in adolescents, involving a number of influencing variables. 576 participants took part in the study: 275 boys and 301 girls aged between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.80; SD = 1.180). They attended one of the 11 selected schools from Galicia (Spain), chosen by sampling in the seven main urban areas in that region. The International Questionnaire on Physical Education, Health and Lifestyle was administered. The findings revealed that age, sex, physical perceived competence and sport practice with friends had statistically significant influence on physical activity index. By contrast, the influence of perception of physical attractiveness could not be confirmed. Sport practice with friends and physical perceived competence were the main predicting variables for physical activity level. All this knowledge must be taken into account by physical activity and sport professionals, such as teachers or trainers. Likewise, to improve physical perceived competence, it is essential to offer a wide variety of activities, to propose different levels of problem resolution, to help students make adaptive causal attributions based on effort, and to break gender stereotypes. Strategies involving school mates or friends in different PA and sport projects are needed

Level of motivation and physical activity in primary education students

The study is aimed at determining the relationship between the index of physical activity and the motivation toward school tasks of Primary Education students. To this end, a descriptive, quasi-experimental design was employed. The instruments used for the study included PAQ-C and the Questionnaire on students’ motivation toward their studies. Among the results, it should be noted that Primary Education students’ motivation toward their studies is high, although the level of physical activity is relatively low for this age group. The level of physical activity is higher in boys than girls. The level of motivation, as well as achievement motivation, and causal attributions of achievement are higher in girls, but self-efficacy is higher in boys. The higher the level of physical activity practice, the higher the level of motivation toward their studies, but also the higher the achievement motivation, causal attribution and self-efficacy. Children with greater obesity levels have less motivation. According to these results, it is important to design actions that encourage the regular practice of physical activity, especially among girls. This should be done in different contexts, beyond the subject of Physical Education and in different populations. Interventions should take into account family and environmental factors, or the local environment and its resources

Acute effect of acrobatic jumps on different elastic platforms in the muscle response evaluated through tensiomyography

The aim of the study was to determine the changes in the muscle mechanics for the flexo-extension of the knee joint and extension of the ankle joint from a sample of 14 high-performance male gymnasts (mean ± SD: age 20.71±3.12 years; body mass 67.59±6.10 kg, height 1.73±0.05 cm). An acrobatic training protocol in three different elastic platforms: gymnastics floor, tumbling track, and trampolining, and its recovery times were compared. The contraction time, delay time, deformation of the muscle belly were evaluated and muscular response speed was calculated by Tensiomyography. The results showed different types of propensity to fatigue according to the muscle group involved (p<0.05). The greater the stiffness of the surface, the greater the muscle enhancement and the shorter post-effort recovery time. In trampolining fatigue level was higher in all muscle groups (p<0.05) and they needed more time to retrieve the baseline. The decrease of the delay and contraction time in vastus medialis (p<0.001) reflected the instability experienced in performing jumps when the training surface was changed from high to low elasticity in a short period of time. Tensiomyography allowed us to estimate the different levels of activation-enhancement at which the muscle reaches levels of fatigue, which enables training on different drive surfaces to be adapted and to evaluate the optimal recovery time for preventing joint instability

Prediction Model for Physical Activity Level in Primary School Students

The aim of this study was to provide an explanatory prediction model for physical activity level in children, involving a number of influencing variables. In total, 1971 people participated in the study: 657 primary school students and their respective fathers and mothers from 15 schools of Galicia (Spain). The International Questionnaire on Physical Education, Health and Lifestyle was administered. The findings revealed that school year, sex, physical perceived competence and sport practice with friends had a statistically significant relationship on physical activity index. By contrast, the association between the weekly participation of fathers or mothers in sports in the practice of children could not be confirmed. Sport practice with friends was the main predicting variable for physical activity level. Physical perceived competence showed great relevance as well. This knowledge could be of interest to help increase adherence to practice and preventing withdrawal, helping students to stay active and acquire healthy habits for the future

Estereotipos de género en Educación Física, una revisión centrada en el alumnado

This work is centered on a review of gender stereotypes in physical education and focuses on students. A search was carried out on the Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, ERIC, and PsyInfo, and 25 papers published between 2005 and 2015 were selected. The data reveals four centers of interest: the progress and resistence to change of certain beliefs, the importance of stigmas and their impact on behavior, the direct relationship to content and performance, and the figure of teachers as reproductive agents. Some development is noted in certain aspects, but general progress is slow, making it imperative to implement alternatives for change that address these issues and include gender perspective as a key bedrock.Este trabajo se centró en una revisión sobre estereotipos de género en Educación Física, poniendo el foco de atención en el colectivo de estudiantes. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en Web of Science, Scopus, SportDiscus, ERIC y PsyInfo, seleccionando artículos publicados entre 2005 y 2015. La muestra final fue de 25 documentos. Los datos revelaron la existencia de cuatro puntos de interés: el avance y resistencia al cambio de algunas creencias; la importancia de los estigmas y su repercusión en el comportamiento; la relación directa con contenidos y rendimiento; y, la figura del profesorado como agente reproductor. Se constató cierta evolución en algunos elementos, pero un avance general lento que hace urgente la puesta en práctica de alternativas de cambio profundo que aborden minuciosamente estos temas, en las que la perspectiva de género sea un eje determinante