Efficacy of a number of toxic baits and baiting against the voles, Microtus agrestis and Arvicola terrestris

The results from two series of control experiments against the voles, Microtus agrestis and Arvicola terrestris, are reported. In a series of field experiments in the 1970s, three acute toxicants (zinc phosphide, crimidine, and difluorpropanol) were tested against Microtus. Oifluorpropanol (Gliftor) was found to be the most effective, but no ready-made bait containing it was available. The performance of the crimidine bait (Kastrix) was good enough to fulfill the registration requirements, while the zinc phosphide bait (Myrax) failed to give acceptable results. In the second series (early 1980s) a brodifacoum bait (Klerat) was found to be as efficacious as the crimidine bait (Kastrix) against Microtus, and sufficiently effective against Arvicola, on which the crimidine bait does not work. The experiments with bromadiolone (Arvicolon) and flupropadine (M & B 36,892) against Microtus were discouraging; against Arvicola they were promising, though not yet conclusive. In future research, special attention should be paid not only to the screening of potential toxicants and bait formulations, but also to the study of the basic differences in the reactions of even closely related species to the baits and their active ingredients, as well as to the compensatory demographic responses of the target pest populations in cases of suboptimal performance of the bait in the field

MDL Denoising Revisited

We refine and extend an earlier MDL denoising criterion for wavelet-based denoising. We start by showing that the denoising problem can be reformulated as a clustering problem, where the goal is to obtain separate clusters for informative and non-informative wavelet coefficients, respectively. This suggests two refinements, adding a code-length for the model index, and extending the model in order to account for subband-dependent coefficient distributions. A third refinement is derivation of soft thresholding inspired by predictive universal coding with weighted mixtures. We propose a practical method incorporating all three refinements, which is shown to achieve good performance and robustness in denoising both artificial and natural signals.Comment: Submitted to IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, June 200

Esiselvitys ympäristöluvan tarkistamista varten

Tämän opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli laatia esiselvitys ympäristöluvan tarkistamisesta A & R Carton Oy:n Kauttuan yksikön tuotantolaitokselle. Tämän työn tarkoitus on toimia ohjeena tarkistamishakemuksen laatijalle niin, että siitä käyvät ilmi lain asettamat vaatimukset, lupahakemuksen vaiheet ja tarkistamishakemukseen vaadittavat selvitykset. Tämä työ tehtiin perehtymällä ajankohtaiseen lainsäädäntöön ja edelliseen ympäristölupapäätökseen sekä päätösvaltaiseen viranomaiseen tutustumalla. Uusi ympäristönsuojelulaki ja valtioneuvoston asetus ympäristönsuojelusta antoivat hyvän pohjan opinnäytetyön tekemiselle, vaikka lakiteksti ei suoraan kerrokaan, miten lupahakemus tulee täyttää, sillä lakiteksti ei kerro esimerkiksi, mitä selvityksiä hakemukseen tulee liittää. Tarkistamishakemuksen täyttö edellyttää sen laatijalta riittävän hyviä valmiuksia olemassa olevan tiedon kokoamiseen, sillä käytännössä työ on olemassa olevan tiedon analysointia ja kokoamista. Tarkistamishakemuksen täyttäminen on työlästä, mutta lupaviranomaiselta saa paljon tietoa tarvittaessa. Lyhyesti voidaan sanoa, että kaikki tarkistamishakemuksessa esiintyvät selvitykset tulee liittää hakemukseen, vaikka tiedot olisivat pysyneet muuttumattomina. Kyseisen yrityksen tapauksessa tulee tehdä samanaikainen lupahakemus samassa kiinteistössä toimivan toisen yrityksen kanssa. Näin lupahakemuksia voidaan tarkastella samanaikaisesti ja yhteisten toimintojen osalta voidaan toimittaa vain yksi yhteinen selvitys. Yrityksen olisi hyvä alkaa pitää ajantasaista arkistoa ympäristöluvan tarkistamishakemuksessa vaadituista selvityksistä, jotta seuraavan tarkistamishakemuksen täyttövaiheessa nämä tarkistamistiedot löydetään nopeasti.A & R Carton Oy commissioned this study. All environmental permit holders must keep their permit up to date with an environmental permit verification. The purpose of this thesis was to make a preliminary report on how to make an environmental permit verification. The study focuses on the new Environmental Protection Act, the general environmental permit application process in general, and the documentation that is needed in the environmental permit verification application. This thesis was conducted by studying the new Environmental Protection Act and A & R Carton’s previous environmental permit and also by communicating with the authorities. The environmental legislation gave a good basis for the work, but alone it was not sufficient, as there are lots of situations that need to be examined case-by-case. The environmental permit verification application requires a lot of work. The application is clear but time consuming. The information provided to help people complete is quite straightforward and the authorities will help with details if needed. The biggest work comes when the actual documentation needs to be prepared in order to make the application complete. The person responsible for making the application should have ready access to all the needed information. In order to make the application process easier in the future, the information needed in the application should be kept up to date. In this way the next application can be done faster

Synthesis of 3-heterocyclic phenyl N-alkyl carbamates and their activity as FAAH inhibitors

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamide (AEA) to arachidonic acid and ethanolamine. FAAH also hydrolyze another important endocannabinoid, 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), although the main enzyme responsible for hydrolysis of 2-AG is MGL. Inhibition of FAAH or MGL enzymatic activity potentially leads to beneficial effects in many physiological disorders such as pain, inflammation and anxiety, due to increased endocannabinoid induced activation of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. In the present study a total of 101 compounds were designed, synthesized, characterized and tested against FAAH and MGL enzyme activity. Altogether 47 compounds were found to inhibit FAAH with half-maximal inhibition concentrations (IC50) between 0.74 and 100 nM. All potent compounds belong to the structural family of carbamates. Other carbonyl-containing compounds were prepared for comparison and they were found not to inhibit either FAAH or MGL. The synthesized carbamate derivatives were found to be selective for FAAH as the inhibition of MGL enzyme by these compounds was negligible. From the library of phenyl N-alkyl carbamates the most potent FAAH inhibitors were meta-substituted N-cyclohexylcarbamates. 4,5-Dihydrooxazol-2-yl (221), oxazol-2-yl (242), 2-methyltetrazol-5-yl (273a), imidazol-4-yl (252) and 1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl (314) were found to be the best heterocycle substituents of phenolic N-alkyl carbamate. Methyl ester (276) was the best acyclic substituent. These compounds inhibited FAAH with IC50 values between 0.74-3.9 nM. Various synthesis methods were used to achieve the desired compounds. Microwave assisted novel or little known reactions applied in synthesis including condensation of acids and 2-aminophenol/2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine to prepare corresponding fused 2-oxazoles, oxazole formation via condensation of bromoketones and amides, and cleavage of benzyl and methyl ethers using ionic liquids. In conclusion, the results of this work provide useful structure-activity relationship (SAR) information of carbamate compounds as FAAH inhibitors which can be utilized in further developments in this area

Tietoturvatyön kehittäminen

Opinnäytetyö on tehty Muuramen kunnalle. Opinnäytetyön tavoitteena oli luoda Muuramen kunnalle tietoturvapolitiikka ja tietoturvaohjeita. Työn teoriaosuudessa selvitetään tietoturvan perusteita, tietoturvastandardeja, tietoturvan johtamista, suunnittelua sekä tietoturvapolitiikan perusteita. Työn toteutusosassa Muuramen kunnalle tehtiin luonnos tietoturvapolitiikasta. Tietoturvaohjeista toteutettiin henkilöstön tietoturvaohje, mobiilikäyttäjän tieto-turvaohje sekä tietoturvaan liittyviä toimintaohjeita eri tilanteisiin. Tietoturvapolitiikka ja tietoturvaohjeet tehtiin soveltuvin osin VAHTI-ohjeiden ja tietoturvastandardien pohjalta.The purpose of this thesis was to create information security policy and infor-mation security instructions for Muurame municipality. The thesis was assigned by Muurame municipality. The theoretical part of the thesis consists of information security fundamentals, standards, information security management,- planning and information security policy fundamentals. Information security policy and instruction have been created based on VAHTI gui-delines and instructions. As a result of the thesis information security policy draft, information security inst-ructions for the employees of the organization and information security guidelines for handheld users have been succesfully created for the use of the staff of Muu-rame municipality

Erityisruokavalio-oppaan kehittäminen Kajaanin Mamsellille

Erityisruokavalioasiakkaiden määrä ruokapalveluiden käyttäjinä tänä päivänä on suuri ja ruokapalvelut muuttuvat yhä asiakaslähtöisemmiksi. Asiakkaiden tarpeiden huomiointi nousee yhä tärkeämmäksi ruokapalveluiden menestyksen edellytykseksi ja keskeiseksi kilpailutekijäksi nousee laatu. Tämä opinnäytetyö on osa ateria- ja puhtaanapitopalveluita tuottavan Kajaanin Mamsellin laatutyötä. Tavoitteena oli toimivan erityisruokavalio-oppaan laatiminen Kajaanin Mamsellin palvelupisteiden asiakaspalveluhenkilöstölle. Opas on suunnattu erityisesti päiväkoti- ja peruskoulupisteisiin. Oppaan avulla on tarkoitus taata erityisruokavalioasiakkaalle turvallinen ruoka sekä laadukas palvelu. Menetelmänä erityisruokavalio-oppaan kehittämisessä käytettiin tuotekehitysprosessia. Oppaan sisältöä kartoitettiin Kajaanin Mamsellin palvelupisteiden työntekijöille toteutetulla kyselyllä sekä tutustumalla erityisruokavaliohin liittyvään kirjallisuuteen. Varsinainen oppaan laatiminen aloitettiin sisällön kartoituksen jälkeen. Tuloksena syntyi kansioon koottava erityisruokavalio-opas. Opas sisältää yleistä tietoa erityisruokavalioista ja sekä niihin sopivista ja vältettävistä raaka-aineista. Lisäksi oppaassa on yleinen ohjeistus erityisruokavalioasikkaiden palveluun. Opinnäytetyön tuloksena syntynyt erityisruokavalio-opas tuli Kajaanin Mamsellin palvelupisteiden tarpeeseen. Toimeksiantajalta saadun palautteen mukaan oppaan kehittämisessä onnistuttiin hyvin. Tulevaisuudessa tullaan näkemään, miten hyvin opas toimii käytännön työtilanteissa Kajaanin Mamsellin palvelupisteissä.Nowadays the number of special diet clients is large. Food services are more and more customer-oriented. Successful catering means the caterers have to take the customers´ needs into account. High quality is also a competitive tool. This schorarly thesis is a part of the quality work in Kajaanin Mamselli. The target of this thesis was to create a special diet handbook for the customer service personnel of Kajaanin Mamselli. The handbook aims at guaranteeing safe and suitable meals and high quality service for special diet clients. Product development process was used as the study method. The study was carried out by collecting special diets in literature and by interviewing customer service personnel of Kajaanin Mamselli. As the result of the work a special diet handbook was compiled. The handbook includes general information and instructions for customer service. The special diet handbook is necessary for Kajaanin Mamselli. The feedback from Kajaanin Mamselli was good, so the development work was successful. In the future the practicality and utility of handbook will be tested by the service centers of Kajaanin Mamselli

Beyond the ‘e-’ in e-HRM : integrating a sociomaterial perspective

This review paper argues that e-HRM literature has not realised the full potential of different theoretical perspectives on information technology. This paper proposes one of them, a sociomaterial perspective, which recognises the equal importance of human agency and material artefacts in the formation and reproduction of e-HRM practices. The review juxtaposes existing perspectives within e-HRM literature with that of the sociomaterial perspective to illustrate the kinds of complementary theoretical and conceptual tools that can be applied to address current limitations in our understanding of the impact of e-HRM. A research agenda is presented that suggests ways to explore the materiality of technology, wider groups of actors and their agency, and emergent practices around technology. The application of this perspective means paying closer attention to how actions and material artefacts are intertwined and constitute ‘doing HRM’, which therefore requires thick descriptions of the organisational context and how work is performed in order to understand how technology matters, for whom and in what ways.© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.fi=vertaisarvioitu|en=peerReviewed