560 research outputs found
Higher derivative corrections in holographic Zamolodchikov-Polchinski theorem
We study higher derivative corrections in holographic dual of
Zamolodchikov-Polchinski theorem that states the equivalence between scale
invariance and conformal invariance in unitary d-dimensional Poincare invariant
field theories. From the dual holographic perspective, we find that a
sufficient condition to show the holographic theorem is the generalized strict
null energy condition of the matter sector in effective (d+1)-dimensional
gravitational theory. The same condition has appeared in the holographic dual
of the "c-theorem" and our theorem suggests a deep connection between the two,
which was manifested in two-dimensional field theoretic proof of the both.Comment: 13 pages, v2: reference added, v3 some clarification adde
Strings in Gravimagnetic Fields
We provide a complete solution of closed strings propagating in Nappi-Witten
space. Based on the analysis of geodesics we construct the coherent
wavefunctions which approximate as closely as possible the classical
trajectories. We then present a new free field realization of the current
algebra using the gamma, beta ghost system. Finally we construct the quantum
vertex operators, for the tachyon, by representing the wavefunctions in terms
of the free fields. This allows us to compute the three- and four-point
amplitudes, and propose the general result for N-point tachyon scattering
amplitude.Comment: final version, 29 pages + 4 app
An Improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model and its Applications to Fusion Reaction near Barrier
An improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics model is proposed. By using this
model, the properties of ground state of nuclei from Li to Pb can
be described very well with one set of parameters. The fusion reactions for
Ca+Zr, Ca+Zr and Ca+Zr at energy near
barrier are studied by this model. The experimental data of the fusion cross
sections for Ca+Zr at the energy near barrier can be
reproduced remarkably well without introducing any new parameters. The
mechanism for the enhancement of fusion probability for fusion reactions with
neutron-rich projectile or target is analyzed.Comment: 20 pages, 12 figures, 3 table
Radiating black hole solutions in arbitrary dimensions
We prove a theorem that characterizes a large family of non-static solutions
to Einstein equations in -dimensional space-time, representing, in general,
spherically symmetric Type II fluid. It is shown that the best known
Vaidya-based (radiating) black hole solutions to Einstein equations, in both
four dimensions (4D) and higher dimensions (HD), are particular cases from this
family. The spherically symmetric static black hole solutions for Type I fluid
can also be retrieved. A brief discussion on the energy conditions,
singularities and horizons is provided.Comment: RevTeX 9 pages, no figure
Unitarity Meets Channel-Duality for Rolling / Decaying D-Branes
Investigations for decay of unstable D-brane and rolling of accelerated
D-brane dynamics have revealed that various proposed prescriptions give
different result for spectral amplitudes and observables. Here, we study them
with particular attention to unitarity and open-closed channel duality. From
"ab initio" derivation in the open string channel, both in Euclidean and
Lorentzian worldsheet approaches, we find heretofore overlooked contribution to
the spectral amplitudes and obervables. The contribution is fortuitously absent
for decay of unstable D-brane, but is present for rolling of accelerated
D-brane. We finally show that the contribution is imperative for ensuring
unitarity and optical theorem at each order in string loop expansion.Comment: Latex, 28 pages, 2 figures (colored
Boundary States for D-branes with Traveling Waves
We construct boundary states for D-branes which carry traveling waves in the
covariant formalism. We compute their vacuum amplitudes to investigate their
interactions. In non-compact space, the vacuum amplitudes become trivial as is
common in plane wave geometries. However, we found that if they are
compactified in the traveling direction, then the amplitudes are affected by
non-trivial time dependent effects. The interaction between D-branes with waves
traveling in the opposite directions (`pulse-antipulse scattering') are also
computed. Furthermore, we apply these ideas to open string tachyon condensation
with traveling waves.Comment: 30 pages. 1 figure, Latex, minor corrections, references adde
Persistent Spin Currents in Helimagnets
We demonstrate that weak external magnetic fields generate dissipationless
spin currents in the ground state of systems with spiral magnetic order. Our
conclusions are based on phenomenological considerations and on microscopic
mean-field theory calculations for an illustrative toy model. We speculate on
possible applications of this effect in spintronic devices.Comment: 9 pages, 6 figures, updated version as published, Journal referenc
Random walks and polymers in the presence of quenched disorder
After a general introduction to the field, we describe some recent results
concerning disorder effects on both `random walk models', where the random walk
is a dynamical process generated by local transition rules, and on `polymer
models', where each random walk trajectory representing the configuration of a
polymer chain is associated to a global Boltzmann weight. For random walk
models, we explain, on the specific examples of the Sinai model and of the trap
model, how disorder induces anomalous diffusion, aging behaviours and Golosov
localization, and how these properties can be understood via a strong disorder
renormalization approach. For polymer models, we discuss the critical
properties of various delocalization transitions involving random polymers. We
first summarize some recent progresses in the general theory of random critical
points : thermodynamic observables are not self-averaging at criticality
whenever disorder is relevant, and this lack of self-averaging is directly
related to the probability distribution of pseudo-critical temperatures
over the ensemble of samples of size . We describe the
results of this analysis for the bidimensional wetting and for the
Poland-Scheraga model of DNA denaturation.Comment: 17 pages, Conference Proceedings "Mathematics and Physics", I.H.E.S.,
France, November 200
Maternal marijuana use has independent effects on risk for spontaneous preterm birth but not other common late pregnancy complications
Widespread legalisation of marijuana raises safety concerns for its use in pregnancy. This study investigated the association of marijuana use prior to and during pregnancy with pregnancy outcomes in a prospective cohort of 5588 nulliparous women from the international SCOPE study. Women were assessed at 15 ± 1 and 20 ± 1 weeks’ gestation. Cases [278 Preeclampsia, 470 gestational hypertension, 633 small-for-gestational-age, 236 spontaneous preterm births (SPTB), 143 gestational diabetes] were compared separately with 4114 non-cases. Although the numbers are small, continued maternal marijuana use at 20 weeks’ gestation was associated with SPTB independent of cigarette smoking status [adj OR 2.28 (95% CI:1.45–3.59)] and socioeconomic index (SEI) [adj OR 2.17 (95% CI:1.41–3.34)]. When adjusted for maternal age, cigarette smoking, alcohol and SEI, continued maternal marijuana use at 20 weeks’ gestation had a greater effect size [adj OR 5.44 (95% CI 2.44–12.11)]. Our data indicate that increasing use of marijuana among young women of reproductive age is a major public health concern
Engineered nonlinear lattices
We show that with the quasi-phase-matching technique it is possible to fabricate stripes of nonlinearity that trap and guide light like waveguides. We investigate an array of such stripes and find that when the stripes are sufficiently narrow, the beam dynamics is governed by a quadratic nonlinear discrete equation. The proposed structure therefore provides an experimental setting for exploring discrete effects in a controlled manner. In particular, we show propagation of breathers that are eventually trapped by discreteness. When the stripes are wide the beams evolve in a structure we term a quasilattice, which interpolates between a lattice system and a continuous system.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
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