Absorption cross sections of minor constituents in planetary atmospheres from 1050 to 2100 angstrom

Absorption cross sections of minor constituent gases in planetary atmospheres from 1050 to 2100

The Balance in Central Europe: Reflections Through the Soviet Prism

This paper, presented at the 1980 meeting of the International Studies Association, discusses the Soviet view of the balance in central Europe and offers some recommendations to NATO

Nuclear spin relaxation by intramolecular interactions in gases of homonuclear diatomic molecules

The differential equations which describe the relaxation of macroscopic observables associated with nuclear spins in homonuclear diatomic molecules are derived using an expansion of the nuclear spin density matrix in terms of irreducible tensors. It is shown, using an intramolecular quadrupole mechanism, that the only difference between nuclear spin relaxation of the ortho- and para-species arises from the rotational states being restricted to odd and even values. This difference is vanishingly small at high temperatures so that the relaxation equations for nuclear magnetization become identical for both species. A previous paper predicting a difference even at high temperatures is shown to be in error and is corrected

Deuteron Zeeman Relaxation of CD4 in the Isotropic Liquid, the Liquid Crystalline, and the Solid State of Several Substances

Measurement of deuteron Zeeman relaxation rates of CD4 dissolved in benzene, hexane, and the liquid crystals MBBA, EBBA, and Merck ZLI‐1132 and in pure CD4 gas as a function of temperature at 30.7 and 61.4 MHz shows that the CD4 is uniformly dispersed in the liquid solvents but resides in gas pockets when the solvents are in the solid state. Effects of centrifugal distortion were observed in the gas phase. The relaxation rate was found to be nearly independent of solvent, temperature, and pressure for the methane–liquid mixtures. This result is explained in terms of the extended diffusion model for the combined effects of free molecular rotation and collisions on the spectral density of quadrupolar interactions when the collisional and mean free rotational periods are of the same order of magnitude. It can also be interpreted in terms of the Fokker–Planck–Langevin model for rotational Brownian motion

Preventing human immunodeficiency virus infection among sexual assault survivors in Cape Town, South Africa: an observational study.

We describe 131 South African sexual assault survivors offered HIV post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). While the median days completed was 27 (IQR 27, 28), 34% stopped PEP or missed doses. Controlling for baseline symptoms, PEP was not associated with symptoms (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 0.66, 2.64). Factors associated with unprotected sex included prior unprotected sex (OR = 6.46, 95% CI = 3.04, 13.74), time since the assault (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.12, 1.57) and age (OR = 1.30, 95% CI = 1.08, 1.57). Trauma counseling was protective (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.05, 0.58). Four instances of seroconversion were observed by 6 months (risk = 3.7%, 95% CI = 1.0, 9.1). Proactive follow-up is necessary to increase the likelihood of PEP completion and address the mental health and HIV risk needs of survivors. Adherence interventions and targeted risk reduction counseling should be provided to minimize HIV acquisition

Geophysical Methods: an Overview

Geophysics is expected to have a major role in lunar resource assessment when manned systems return to the Moon. Geophysical measurements made from a lunar rover will contribute to a number of key studies: estimating regolith thickness, detection of possible large-diameter lava tubes within maria basalts, detection of possible subsurface ice in polar regions, detection of conductive minerals that formed directly from a melt (orthomagmatic sulfides of Cu, Ni, Co), and mapping lunar geology beneath the regolith. The techniques that can be used are dictated both by objectives and by our abilities to adapt current technology to lunar conditions. Instrument size, weight, power requirements, and freedom from orientation errors are factors we have considered. Among the geophysical methods we believe to be appropriate for a lunar resource assessment are magnetics, including gradiometry, time-domain magnetic induction, ground-penetrating radar, seismic reflection, and gravimetry

The Impact of Canadian School Food Programs on Children’s Nutrition and Health: A Systematic Review

The quality of children’s diets has declined over the past few decades, giving rise to a variety of health-related consequences. In response to this trend, school food programs have become an increasingly effective method to support nutrition and lifelong healthy eating habits. This systematic review synthesizes current academic literature pertaining to school nutrition programs in Canada to identify existing interventions and their impacts on children’s nutritional knowledge, dietary behaviour, and food intake. The review was conducted through a search of the following databases: ERIC, Education Source, CINAHL, PubMed, SagePub, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and CBCA. Information extracted from the articles included the program objectives, intervention design and components, research evaluation, and primary outcomes. A total of 11 articles evaluating Canadian school nutrition programs were identified. The programs incorporated a variety of intervention components including policy, education, family and community involvement, and/or food provision. These multi-component interventions were positively associated with children’s development of nutrition knowledge, dietary behaviour changes, and intake of healthy foods; however, barriers associated with intervention duration, intensity, and availability of resources may have influenced the extent to which these programs impacted children’s diets and overall health