QoS-aware Traffic Management in Software Defined Networking

Software defined networking (SDN) provides effective traffic management solution by separating control and data planes, global centralization control, and being programmable. And, the traditional shortest path routing cannot provide effective traffic engineering because it only aware shortest path. The constraint-aware routing is more efficient than the traditional shortest path routing, however, it needed to estimate constraints such as link capacity, delay, jitter, and so on and it cannot guarantee the future traffic demands. This paper proposed QoS-aware traffic management method in SDN to guarantee the QoS-aware traffic by selecting the optimal path based on the estimated constraints. First, the proposed traffic management method categorized traffic classes: QoS-aware traffic and non QoS-aware traffic classes. Then, the proposed method estimated the QoS parameters and calculated the optimal path based on the estimated parameters. Finally, the QoS-aware traffic routed with the optimal path and non QoS-aware traffic simply routed through the shortest path. The proposed method is validated by using network emulator, Mininet and SDN controller, ONOS. The experiment results of throughput and packet loss show that our proposed method outperformed the other two traffic management methods

Bioactive compounds screening, antimicrobial activities of leave extract from two palatable plants: Piper betle and Murraya koenigii (Curry leaves)

Introduction: Piper betle Linn is one of the most commonly used compounding plants for ethno-medical purposes, with its extract generally used in modern products to enrich their functional efficacy. The extraction methods always lead to differences in the antimicrobial efficacy of methanol extracts of bioactive compounds. Purpose: The study was conducted to screen for bioactive compounds and determine their antimicrobial efficacy in a methanol extract of Piper betle and Murraya koenigi leaves from five different regions. Methodology: The phytochemical screening done according to the procedure that is implied in from Patil, et.al, with minor modifications by the researchers of the current study. Antimicrobial activity was determined; efficacy was measured by disc diffusion analysis. Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponin, tannin, terpenoids, alkaloids and flavonoids in the extracts. The methanolic extract of betel leaves from all the selected regions except from Bau exhibited antimicrobial activities. Among them, extract from Kuching and Simunjan have no effect on E. coli. The methanolic extract of curry leaves from Kuching, Balai ringai and Bau have antimicrobial activities against Staph aureus and those from Balai ringai is also active against E.coli. Conclusion: Although there were previous reports of phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activities from the extract of these plants, there were still lack of research conducted on the specimens especially from our local community (Sarawak). The outcome of this study will help us to identify the bioactive compounds of the local samples and give us some pictures of their activities on how to ensure these plants can be brought forward based on the origin of the sample. KEYWORDS: Bioactive Compounds Screening, Antimicrobial Activities of Leave Extract, Palatable Plants, Piper betle and Murraya koenigii

XRD and SEM Analysis, and Semiconductor Type Determination of TiO2 for Dye-sensitized Solar Cell

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is a wide band-gap n-type semiconductor. Anatase TiO2 is the most common structure used in high performance dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). Nanoporous TiO2 serves double-duty as an electron acceptor and a scaffold to hold large numbers of dye molecules in DSSC. The porosity of TiO2 is a key feature as it has roughly a thousand times greater a surface area than the equivalent flat area. In this work, TiO2 crystallite size (43.55 nm) has been calculated by using XRD data, and the morphology and the grain-size of TiO2 (average grain size of 0.2 mm ~ 0.3 mm) with different solvents have been also studied by SEM

Fluctuations in Serum magnesium and Systemic Arterial Blood Pressures during the Menstrual Cycle in young reproductive women

Introduction: The menstrual cycle involves a sequence of structural, functional, and hormonal changes in the reproductive system. This is linked and controlled by cyclical fluctuations in the levels of FSH, LH, estrogen, and progesterone. Because of these cyclical fluctuations, there might also be associated cyclical changes of magnesium and systemic arterial blood pressures during the menstrual cycle. Purpose: To assess the changes in serum magnesium level and systemic arterial blood pressures during the menstrual cycle in young reproductive women. Methodology: the sample population is 40 apparently healthy young reproductive-aged 18- 25years female students from the University of Medicine, Magway participated in this study. Systemic arterial blood pressures were measured by indirect method. The serum magnesium level was measured by spectrophotometry. These measurements were done in the early follicular phase (EF), the peri-ovulatory phase (PO), and the midluteal phase (ML) of the menstrual cycle. The serum magnesium levels were significantly (p <0.001) lower, and the systolic blood pressures were significantly higher (p <0.05) in the PO than the EF and the ML. In the EF, there was a significant negative correlation between serum magnesium level and diastolic blood pressure (r= - 0.374, p <0.05) and mean arterial pressure (r = -0.354, p < 0.05) but no significant correlation with systolic blood pressure. In the PO, there was no significant correlation between serum magnesium level and systemic arterial blood pressures. In the ML, there was significant negative correlation between serum magnesium level and systolic blood pressure (r = -0.651, p <0.001), diastolic blood pressure (r = -0.607, p <0.001), and mean arterial pressure (r = -0.661, p <0.001). Conclusion: The study concludes that serum magnesium level has a negative effect on blood pressure changes and the blood pressure-lowering effect of magnesium. These changes are related to the fluctuation of estrogen levels during the menstrual cycle. KEYWORDS: Serum magnesium, systemic arterial blood pressures, menstrual cycle reproductive syste

Active Steganalysis of MP3Stego

The goal of steganalysis is to detect and/or estimatepotentially hidden information from observed data.Steganalysis not only plays a significant role ininformation countermeasures, but also can preventthe illicit use of steganography. This paper developsan active steganalysis system for detecting hiddenmessages, by estimating frames with hidden messageand message length in compressed audio filesproduced by MP3Stego. Principle ComponentAnalysis (PCA) is applied not only to estimateuncorrelated components but also help to detectwhether the received MP3 streams are steganographyor original. In this steganalysis system, hiddenmessages can be detected in the PCA (whitening)stage. Independent Component Analysis (ICA)attempts to separate a set of steganographic signalsfrom original signals. By analyzing the nature ofMP3 signals (frame header, side information), framewith secret message can be detected. The results ofempirical tests reach 97% and conclude thatdetection accuracy of the proposed steganalysissystem is convenient for MP3Stego embeddedcontents. Experiments shows that the proposedmethod can be used quite effectively to detectlocations of messages embedded using nature of MP3signal

Audio Steganalysis Based on Independent Component Analysis

Steganalysis is the art and science ofdetecting messages hidden using steganography.This paper proposes steganalysis of audio signalusing Independent Component Analysis. Adetection method is used for detecting hiddenmessage in compressed audio files produced byMP3Stego. Steganography can be successfullydetected during the Principle ComponentAnalysis (PCA) whitening stage. A nonlinearrobust batch ICA algorithm, which is able toefficiently extract various temporally correlatedsources from their observed linear mixture areused for blind steganography extraction

Source Separation of Steganography Mixed Audio Signal

The research on blind source separation isfocus in the community of signal processing andhas been developed in recent years. This paperproposes enhance audio steganalysis technique,which adopts Independent Component Analysis(ICA) for steganography detection andextraction process. Steganography can besuccessfully detected during the PrincipleComponent Analysis (PCA) whitening stage. Anonlinear ICA algorithm, which is able toefficiently extract various temporally correlatedsources from their observed linear mixtures, isused for blind steganography extraction

Video Steganalysis Using Histogram and Texture Features

Information hiding in video streams with thedevelopment of network and multimedia technologieshas played an important role in the steganographicalfield, and correspondingly video stegnanlysis techniquesare catching attention of the security d epartment of eachgovernment. This paper presents an improvedsteganalysis technique to detect the presence of hiddenme ssages. In order to identify and classify the two typesof feature are used. The first type feature is texturefeature that is computed by statistical, p sychologicaland signal processing The second type feature is thestate of the art histogram based features This system isclassified by using a Support Vector Machine ( SVMClassification is performed between actual videoframes, steganograpyh frames from MSU u nique toolfor hiding information in video) allows hiding text file ina video sequence. SVM is excellent classifier for twoclass problem that give higher detection accuracy ratefor this system. Experimental results show that theproposed scheme can effectively detect whether a videohas been processed by stego or not

Secure Image Encryption Using Block-based and Blowfish Symmetric Algorithms

Encryption is used to securely transmit data inopen networks. It can also be defined as the process ofobscuring information to make it unreasonable without specialknowledge. Encryption is the process of transformation theimages to ensure its security. Most of the available encryptionalgorithms are mainly used for textual data and may not besuitable for multimedia data such as images. This systempresents a block-based transformation algorithm based on thecombination of image transformation and a well knownencryption and decryption algorithm called Blowfish. Theoriginal image is divided into a random number of blocks andthen shuffle within the image. The generated image is encryptedusing the blowfish encryption algorithm. From the results, thecorrelation between image elements was significantly decreasedby using the proposed technique. It takes a variable-length key,from 32 bits to 448 bits. Blowfish is a fast cryptographicsoftware algorithm and symmetric and symmetric block cipher