A Study on Lenin’s Discussion on Railway

Before the October Revolution, Lenin analyzed the role of railway in the development of capitalist economy, and he thought that the railway transportation accelerated the development of capitalism and opened up the world market. During the Russian Civil War, he repeatedly stressed the decisive role of railway during war time, and pointed out that the railway also played a leading role in the reform and construction of socialist cause. He proposed that the military and authoritative management with unified requirements should be adopted in the railway system. Besides, he believed that the department should strictly enforce the discipline of the railway workers, and rely on the training railway workers to serve for the socialist cause

An analytical approach to the concept of 'Topography' in architecture

Thesis (Master)--İzmir Institute of Technology, Architecture, İzmir, 2003Includes bibliographical references (leaves: 150-155)Text in English; Abstract: Turkish and Englishxxi, 155 leavesThe symbiosis of man and nature reveals their diverging interrelations, which are based on man's shifting idea of nature throughout history. These alterations in man's conception of nature have changed his attitudes towards it, thus his creations in relation with topography. Hence, within the scope of the study, the idea of nature, exploring its shifted meanings, is analyzed in order to contemplate the relationship between manmade and natural environment. Being guided by the urge to anchor to the world, man has always been in search of establishing somehow ideal relationship between manmade and natural environment within which topography remains as the most prominent concept in the context of physical surrounding. Therefore, the concept of topography is handled as the main concern of the thesis. By means of treating topographical formations whether as sacred places or as physical aspect of the world with which to create intimate relationship or as mere subordinate elements, man testifies that topography has had differing impression on his mind in accord with his idea of nature.In today's world where everything may be questioned about its authenticity or its state of being natural, the concept of topography in contemporary architecture, which has also an artificial sense and very different understanding than its precedent conception, is aimed to be explored while revealing its roots.Consequently, in the context of the study, besides the investigation of the changes in the conception of nature and its reflections on manmade environment, the concept of topography is examined in order to disclose the changes in its meaning that direct the way man deals with it. The consequences are aimed to be justified through an analytical method.Keywords: nature, topography, ground, folding, continuity

A Study on the Communist Takeover of Chengdu’s Public Utilities (1949-1950)

Chengdu was the last big city liberated in China. After the liberation of Chengdu, the Military Control Committee (MCC) of the Communist Party of China (CPC) gradually took over the city’s public utilities. At the beginning, in order to quickly restore the city’s order, the MCC recovered and resumed the production of the water and electricity plants with a series of measures, including the protection of factories in advance, the dissemination of the Party’s ideas, the arrangements for the old staff, the mobilization of the masses, and the proceeding of the stocktaking step by step. With the proceeding of the takeover, the public utilities were gradually transformed into a cause which relies on and serves for the people

Essays in Political Economy

This dissertation consists of two chapters on topics in political economy. In the first chapter, I study alternative decentralization institutions. I argue that decentralization institutions differ from each other in terms of the degree of power they grant to local authorities in decision-making. Successfully designing decentralization institutions depends on understanding the local and central authorities\u27 preferences over the types of public investments and how alternative decentralization institutions aggregate them. Focusing on these key components, I build and estimate a dynamic committee decision-making model to study how public investment choices vary with the degree of power granted to local governments. I characterize alternative decentralization institutions as voting mechanisms the committee can employ. I implement my model using a novel dataset from a unique institution in Colombia. I find that the local governments are more likely to invest on targeted transfers than is the central government. Counterfactual exercises show that a complete decentralized system would significantly increase the number and size of the targeted transfer spending. In the second chapter, which is co-authored with Devin J. Reilly, I develop a model of campaign strategies, namely the choice to campaign negatively or positively. In particular, I construct a model of political campaigns, based off of Skaperdas and Grofman (1995), in which candidates allocate their budget between positive and negative campaigning. Elections vary according to politician- and district-specific characteristics, as well as the unobservable (to the econometrician) measure of voter types. I calibrate the model to match stylized facts on campaign tone that we document using a wide array of sources, including data on advertising tone from Wisconsin Advertising Project, campaign contributions from the Database on Ideology, Money in Politics, and Elections, and election results. The calibrated model implies that, overall, campaign spending is not particularly effective at increasing votes -- a 10\% increase in the average candidate\u27s budget, corresponding to about \$240,000, raises his or her expected vote share by about 0.4 percentage points. The model also implies that negativity is marginally more useful for candidates who are trailing than those leading, though not by a wide margin

Correlation between Climate Data and Yields of Some Prominent Food Crops in Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia

Environmental factors, particularly climate conditions, play a crucial role in influencing the growth and yield of cultivated crops. Although knowledge on their influence has been revealed in many records, our understanding of their relationship in West Papua is limited due to lack of data. This research leveraged data of monthly climate variables (temperature, rainfall, and radiation intensity) and crop yields from West Papua, Indonesia for period 2011-2020. The Analysis revealed varying trends in the highest average monthly air temperature, humidity, rainfall, and radiation intensity across different months. Despite these fluctuations, there was a general tendency towards increased harvested area and rice, maize, and soybeans production. While the overall impact of climate variables on crop productivity appeared insignificant, certain nuances emerge. Specifically, air humidity demonstrated a notable influence on rice productivity, while air temperature has a stronger effect on maize productivity than other climate variables. However, correlation tests indicated that the relationship between climate variables (air temperature, humidity, rainfall, and radiation intensity) and crop productivity, particularly maize, rice, and soybeans, did not reach statistical significance. This underscores the complexity of the interplay between climate dynamics and agricultural outcomes

New Space for City Communication: A Study on Culture Transmission by Nanjing Metro

The media on which the communication of city image depends are becoming more and more diversified. Subway, a kind of public transportation which is cheap and convenient, is not only a popular way of travel, but also an important carrier to spread city culture. No matter at home or abroad, in big or small cities, the cultural atmosphere of subway is getting stronger. The subway is not only a space for traffic and interpersonal communication, but also a space for cultural transmission. As one of the cities with the most cultural heritage in China, Nanjing pays special attention to cultural transmission in the design of subway in all aspects. This article analyzes the present situation and problems of cultural communication by Nanjing metro, and puts forward some pertinent measures for its sustainable development

Unified approach to reciprocal matrices with Kippenhahn curves containing elliptical components

Reciprocal matrices are tridiagonal matrices $(a_{ij})_{i,j=1}^n$ with constant main diagonal and such that $a_{i,i+1}a_{i+1,i}=1$ for $i=1,\ldots,n-1$. For these matrices, criteria are established under which their Kippenhahn curves contain elliptical components or even consist completely of such. These criteria are in terms of system of homogeneous polynomial equations in variables $(\left|a_{j,j+1}\right|-\left|a_{j+1,j}\right|)^2$, and established via a unified approach across arbitrary dimensions. The results are illustrated, and specific numerical examples provided, for $n=7$ thus generalizing earlier work in the lower dimensional setting

Strength Analysis of a Composite Turbine Blade Using Puck Failure Criteria

The strength analysis of an existing 5-meter composite wind turbine blade using Tsai- Wu and Puck failure criteria is presented. Finite element analysis is performed on the blade under static flap wise loading. ANSYS APDL scripting language is used to implement Puck failure criteria and degradation rules for the progressive failure analysis of the blade. Evaluation and visualization of Tsai-Wu inverse reserve factors and Puck failure exposures in the blade is done with the help of the Ansys ACP/Post module. The results of this study indicate that the blade is not able resist extreme load case and needs to be redesigned. Root and trailing edge of the blade have the highest risk of failure initiation. Linear analysis using Tsai-Wu and Puck failure criteria is compared with the nonlinear analysis using progressive Puck failure criteria. It is concluded that progressive analysis is necessary for a more realistic simulation of blade failure mechanisms. Results of the analysis will be used to calibrate structural test set-up of the blade

UJI DAYA KECAMBAH DAN UJI DAYA TUMBUH BENIH BEBERAPA TANAMAN PANGAN: SUATU PENDEKATAN UNTUK HASIL BERKELANJUTAN: SEEDS VIABILITY AND VIGOR TEST OF SEVERAL FOOD CROPS: AN APPROACH TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE YIELD

The study aims to determine the quality of food crop seeds accessed by farmers in Manokwari Regency.  It was conducted at the Agroclimatology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Papua, by applying the viability and vigor tests on five selected seeds, namely corn, peanut, long bean, mung bean and kangkong (Ipomoea) seeds on straw paper and sand media. The results showed that the tested food plant seeds were categorized as good based on predetermined standards. Corn seeds showed the highest germination test, while the lowest was produced by kangkong seeds. Mung bean seeds recorded the highest growth speed compared to other seeds. At the vigor test, peanut seeds performed better results than other seeds while kangkong seeds consistently recorded the lowest yields. This study recommends future work in terms of seed tests with certain treatments along with different types of seeds