Pathogenesis of Junonia coenia densovirus in Spodoptera frugiperda: A route of infection that leads to hypoxia

AbstractTo evaluate densovirus potential against lepidopteran pests and their capacity to invade new hosts, we have characterised in vivo the infection and pathogenesis of the Junonia coenia densovirus (JcDNV) in the noctuid pest Spodoptera frugiperda. Here we show that infection starts with the ingestion of viral particles that cross the midgut epithelium without replicating. By quantitative PCR we established the kinetic and the route of infection, from virus ingestion to replication in visceral tracheae and hemocytes. JcDNV has a high particle-to-infection ratio mostly due to the barrier function of the midgut. Pathology and cytopathology suggested that infection of tracheal cells impairs oxygen delivery to demanding tissues leading to cytopathic effects in all the tissues. Finally, larval death results from several physiological shocks, including molting arrest and anoxia

Establishment and analysis of a reference transcriptome for Spodoptera frugiperda

International audienceBackground Spodoptera frugiperda (Noctuidae) is a major agricultural pest throughout the American continent. The highly polyphagous larvae are frequently devastating crops of importance such as corn, sorghum, cotton and grass. In addition, the Sf9 cell line, widely used in biochemistry for in vitro protein production, is derived from S. frugiperda tissues. Many research groups are using S. frugiperda as a model organism to investigate questions such as plant adaptation, pest behavior or resistance to pesticides.ResultsIn this study, we constructed a reference transcriptome assembly (Sf_TR2012b) of RNA sequences obtained from more than 35 S. frugiperda developmental time-points and tissue samples. We assessed the quality of this reference transcriptome by annotating a ubiquitous gene family - ribosomal proteins - as well as gene families that have a more constrained spatio-temporal expression and are involved in development, immunity and olfaction. We also provide a time-course of expression that we used to characterize the transcriptional regulation of the gene families studied.ConclusionWe conclude that the Sf_TR2012b transcriptome is a valid reference transcriptome. While its reliability decreases for the detection and annotation of genes under strong transcriptional constraint we still recover a fair percentage of tissue-specific transcripts. That allowed us to explore the spatial and temporal expression of genes and to observe that some olfactory receptors are expressed in antennae and palps but also in other non related tissues such as fat bodies. Similarly, we observed an interesting interplay of gene families involved in immunity between fat bodies and antennae

Etude des types d’erreur associés aux pannes dans les processeurs multicoeur

Cet article est la continuation d’un portefeuille de recherche sur la sécurité des composants sur étagère, dont l’utilisation se répand dans les systèmes avioniques complexes (Condra, 2014). Les processeurs multicoeurs sont fréquemment étudiés pour leur impact potentiel sur la sécurité associée à l’indéterminisme (Bieth, 2013). Cet article se concentre sur la détermination des types d’erreurs spécifiques des processeurs multicoeurs, la détermination de leurs effets, les moyens de détection et de mitigation de ces erreurs, ainsi que l’existence de critères pour contenir la panne résultante ou pour récupérer de cette erreur.This paper is a continuation of a research thrust on safety assurance for Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) which use is becoming widely spread in complex avionics (Condra, 2014). Multicore processors are frequently investigated in terms of their potential safety impacts relative to non-determinism (Bieth, 2013). The present paper focuses on the determination of error types specific to multicore processors, the determination of the effects of these failure modes, the means of detection and mitigation of these errors, and the existence of criteria for containment of the resulting failure or recovery from the error

Bulletin de la Société d'enseignement mutuel du Tonkin

janvier 19271927/01 (T8,N1)-1927/03.Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnEns0Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnAsi1Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnCoop

Bulletin de la Société d'enseignement mutuel du Tonkin

janvier 19311931/01 (T12,N1)-1931/01 (T12,N2).Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnEns0Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnAsi1Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnCoop

Determination and characterization of bovine interleukin-17 cDNA

International audienceInterleukin-17 (IL-17) is a proinflammatory cytokine produced by activated memory T cells, and it appears to play an upstream role in T cell-triggered inflammation by stimulating stromal cells to secrete other cytokines. We hypothesize that IL-17 plays a role in the recruitment of neutrophils in the bovine mammary gland during infection or immune-mediated inflammation. The rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) method was used to obtain a cDNA of bovine IL-17 (BoIL-17) containing a 462-bp open reading frame (ORF) encoding a protein of 153 amino acids (aa) with a molecular mass of 17.2 kDa, a 23-residue NH2-terminal signal peptide, a single potential N-linked glycosylation site, and 6 cysteine residues. BoIL-17 protein shared 73.5% identity with the human protein and 67% with the mouse and rat proteins. Sf9 insect cells were transfected with BoIL-17 cDNA, and supernatant was tested for biologic activity on a primary culture of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MECs). mRNA synthesis of IL-6, IL-8, and growth-related oncogene alpha (Gro alpha) was induced, suggesting a functional role for IL-17 in mammary immunity

Bulletin de la Société d'enseignement mutuel du Tonkin

Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnEns0Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnAsi1Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnCoop1Avec mode text

On-Board Axial Detection of Wake Vortices using a 2-mu m LiDAR

This paper describes the first successful attempt to detect wake vortices axially using an on-board infrared pulsed Doppler LiDAR. On-board axial detection is more complex than the classic ground-based tangential approach, because the axial air speed in vortices is low and the atmospheric particle density is reduced, yielding a poorer SNR. To provide meaningful results in such unfavorable conditions we have developed a new flexible signal processing method based on a two-primitive model fitting the spectrum of the Doppler return. This new spectral estimation successfully detects wake vortices with an admissible SNR that is lower than other on-board state-of-the-art approaches. It was validated through flight tests

Bulletin de la Société d'enseignement mutuel du Tonkin

octobre 19281928/10 (T9,N4)-1928/12.Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnEns0Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnAsi1Appartient à l’ensemble documentaire : RfnCoop