Pengembangan SIG berbasis Web Sebagai Decission Support System (DSS) untuk Manajemen Jaringan Jalan di Kabupaten Aceh Timur

This research aims to develop a web-based GIS that can be used as a decision support system in managing the road network in East Aceh district. In this case, MySQL is used as a spatial database management system and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is used as the technology to visualize spatial data in web programming. Therefore, it is expected can make geo-database application that can be distributed widely to related user. Stages of development of the system used in this study refers to the waterfall model. The order of execution of the study is divided into five stages include: early stage research, web GIS design stage, the stage of data collection, web GIS development phase and implementation phase. Data used in this study include primary and secondary data. Primary data consists of spatial and attribute data of road network (lines) and bridges (points) taken through surveys with Global Positioning System (GPS). Secondary data used include base maps derived from maps of the Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RBI) 1:25.000 scale area of East Aceh Regency. The unit of analysis used was the Locational referencing system that is defining a road network using the “node” and “section”. The results of this study showed that implementation of the SVG generated by PHP is able to produce a superior display vector and dynamic so it is easy to analyze. These capabilities combined with MySQL capabilities in spatial analysis and queries on RDBMS database is able to produce applications that are capable of supporting the activities of decision-making in the management of roads and bridges

Pemutihan Karang Akibat Pemanasan Global Tahun 2016 terhadap Ekosistem Terumbu Karang: Studi Kasus di TWP Gili Matra (Gili Air, Gili Meno dan Gili Trawangan) Provinsi NTB

Increased sea surface temperatures due to global warming that occurred from the early to mid 2016 caused of coral bleaching in several locations in TWP Gili Matra. Observations of coral bleaching obtained from coral colonies compotition affected by bleaching (50%), white (18%), death (1%) and was not affected (31%). These implications resulting decline in coral cover but not significant (F (1,013) = 0.333, p > 0.05) from 23,43% ± 2,61 SE in 2012 to 18,48% ± 4,14 SE in 2016 and a significant decrease (P (58,06) = 3,8e-06) recruitment of coral (coral Juvenil) from 6,66 ind.m-1 ± 1,04 SE in 2012 to 1,41 ind.m-1 ± 0,16 SE in 2016. the other impact is a significant reduction (P(20.84) = 0,00053, p <0,001) the abundance of reef fish from 28.733,26 ind.ha-1 ± 3.757,89 SE in 2012 to 11.431,18 ind.ha-1 ± 702,53 SE in 2016 and a decline in the biomass of reef fish but not significant (F (0,58) = 0,46, P> 0.05) from 506,56 kg.ha-1 ± 99,05 SE in 2012 to 438,41 kg.ha-1 ± 45,69 SE in 2016. The decline of coral recruitment resulted in the recovery of the affected areas bleaching becomes slow because of the juvenile new coral mostly dead. The second impact of bleaching is an abundance of fish decrease, indicating that is available only fish big size (adult) and very less of small fishes, including juvenile

Universal closed-tube barcoding for monitoring the shark and ray trade in megadiverse conservation hotspots

Trade restrictions for many endangered elasmobranch species exist to disincentivise their exploitation and curb their declines. However, the variety of products and the complexity of import/export routes make trade monitoring challenging. We investigate the use of a portable, universal, DNA-based tool which would greatly facilitate in-situ monitoring. We collected shark and ray samples across the Island of Java, Indonesia, and selected 28 species (including 22 CITES-listed species) commonly encountered in landing sites and export hubs to test a recently developed real-time PCR single-assay originally developed for screening bony fish. We employed a deep learning algorithm to recognize species based on DNA melt-curve signatures. By combining visual and machine learning assignment methods, we distinguished 25 out of 28 species, 20 of which were CITES-listed. With further refinement, this method can provide a practical tool for monitoring elasmobranch trade worldwide, without the need for a lab or the bespoke design of species-specific assays

Evaluating the impact of accounting for coral cover in large‐scale marine conservation prioritizations

Aim Mega‐diverse coral reef ecosystems are declining globally, necessitating conservation prioritizations to protect biodiversity and ecosystem services of sites with high functional integrity to promote persistence. In practice however, the design of marine‐protected area (MPA) systems often relies on broad classifications of habitat class and size, making the tacit assumption that all reefs are of comparable condition. We explored the impact of this assumption through a novel, pragmatic approach for incorporating variability in coral cover in a large‐scale regional spatial prioritization plan. Location The Coral Triangle. Methods We developed a spatially explicit predictive model of hard coral cover based on freely available macro‐ecological data to generate a complete regional map of coral cover as a proxy for reef condition. We then incorporate this information in spatial conservation prioritization software Marxan to design an MPA system that meets specific conservation objectives. Results We discover prioritizations using area‐based representation of reef habitat alone may overestimate the conservation benefit, defined as the amount of hard coral cover protected, by up to 64%. We find substantial differences in conservation priorities and an overall increase in habitat quality metrics when accounting for predicted coral cover. Main conclusions This study shows that including habitat condition in a large‐scale marine spatial prioritization is feasible within time and resource constraints, and calls for increased implementation, and evaluation, of such ecologically relevant planning approaches to enhance potential conservation effectiveness

Opportunities and challenges in value chain analysis for sustainable management of sharks and rays

Studies on elasmobranch trade have often focused on a single commodity, shark fins. Such a narrow focus can result in an incomplete understanding of the socio-cultural importance of sharks, limiting discussion on the range and efficacy of potential management interventions. Assessments must be performed across the value chain from fisher to retail vendor to better conserve vulnerable elasmobranch species, offering a broader view of capture, use, and trade. Here, we collate insights from shark value chain assessments conducted in eight countries (Mexico, Peru, Guinea-Bissau, India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Indonesia and Fiji) spanning five continents. Approaches and processes implemented in a shark value chain analysis (VCA) were reviewed to: (1) understand better approaches and tools and (2) collate shared experiences. Our results demonstrate that VCAs broaden the outlook of fishery and trade assessments when capturing a more comprehensive range of economic and socio-cultural aspects (e.g., livelihoods, cultural use of commodities) of trade in all shark commodities. Time invested in various components of assessments produced different outcomes, with considerable returns from stakeholder selection, survey design, and assessor/stakeholder relationship building. Contrastingly, results demonstrated that efforts in communication with stakeholder groups and policymakers could be further streamlined to focus on key results using a variety of communication formats. Outcomes from this study offer guidance to those embarking on shark VCAs, facilitating improving the assessment process and outcomes

Social–environmental drivers inform strategic management of coral reefs in the Anthropocene

Without drastic efforts to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate globalized stressors, tropical coral reefs are in jeopardy. Strategic conservation and management requires identification of the environmental and socioeconomic factors driving the persistence of scleractinian coral assemblages—the foundation species of coral reef ecosystems. Here, we compiled coral abundance data from 2,584 Indo-Pacific reefs to evaluate the influence of 21 climate, social and environmental drivers on the ecology of reef coral assemblages. Higher abundances of framework-building corals were typically associated with: weaker thermal disturbances and longer intervals for potential recovery; slower human population growth; reduced access by human settlements and markets; and less nearby agriculture. We therefore propose a framework of three management strategies (protect, recover or transform) by considering: (1) if reefs were above or below a proposed threshold of >10% cover of the coral taxa important for structural complexity and carbonate production; and (2) reef exposure to severe thermal stress during the 2014–2017 global coral bleaching event. Our findings can guide urgent management efforts for coral reefs, by identifying key threats across multiple scales and strategic policy priorities that might sustain a network of functioning reefs in the Indo-Pacific to avoid ecosystem collapse

Pengembangan SIG berbasis Web Sebagai Decission Support System (DSS) untuk Manajemen Jaringan Jalan di Kabupaten Aceh Timur

This research aims to develop a web-based GIS that can be used as a decision support system in managing the road network in East Aceh district. In this case, MySQL is used as a spatial database management system and Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) is used as the technology to visualize spatial data in web programming. Therefore, it is expected can make geo-database application that can be distributed widely to related user. Stages of development of the system used in this study refers to the waterfall model. The order of execution of the study is divided into five stages include: early stage research, web GIS design stage, the stage of data collection, web GIS development phase and implementation phase. Data used in this study include primary and secondary data. Primary data consists of spatial and attribute data of road network (lines) and bridges (points) taken through surveys with Global Positioning System (GPS). Secondary data used include base maps derived from maps of the Rupa Bumi Indonesia (RBI) 1:25.000 scale area of East Aceh Regency. The unit of analysis used was the Locational referencing system that is defining a road network using the “node” and “section”. The results of this study showed that implementation of the SVG generated by PHP is able to produce a superior display vector and dynamic so it is easy to analyze. These capabilities combined with MySQL capabilities in spatial analysis and queries on RDBMS database is able to produce applications that are capable of supporting the activities of decision-making in the management of roads and bridges

Kajian Hadis Ahl Al-sunnah di Pesantren: Studi Kitab Hujjah Ahl Al-sunnah Wa Al-jama'ah Karya Kyai Ali Ma'sum Krapyak

Kajian hadis tidak bisa dilepaskan dari amaliah kehidupan masyarakat sehari-hari. Tradisi keagamaan semuanya dibangun melalui fondasi sumber kedua dalam agama Islam yaitu hadis. Saat ini kajian-kajian hadis di pesantren nyaris mendapatkan perhatian yang kurang menarik untuk dibahas, bahkan kajian hadis di pesantren menempati posisi yang kesekian dibandingkan dengan kajian-kajian keilmuan lainnya, seperti fiqih, akhlaq, atau tafsir. Oleh karena itu, pelbagai karya ulama kontemporer Indonesia dalam bidang hadis yang lahir dari buah rahim pesantren sangat minim sekali. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis, artikel ini secara khusus akan membahas tentang kitab Hujjah Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'ah, karya ulama besar Kyai Ali Maksum, Krapyak Yogyakarta. Kitab ini hadir untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat Nahdliyyin dengan argumen-argumen yang menjadi landasan praktek keagamaan. Karya yang lahir dari pesantren ini sebagai bentuk komitmen untuk melawan wacana bid'ah dan pemahaman Islam yang sangat inklusif dan kaku menyikapi tradisi yang berkembang di masyarakat. Artikel ini juga mengkaji perdebatan hadis-hadis ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama'ah dalam kitab ini, terutama yang menjadi hujjah-hujjah kelompok ini yang kerap digunakan sebagai legitimasi atas amaliah kelompok sunni seperti ziarah kubur, tahlilan, dan penentuan awal bulan puasa antara ru'yah dan hisab. Penelitian ini menghasilkan penolakan dan pengokohan terhadap tuduhan bid'ah yang dinarasikan terhadap kelompok ahl al-sunnah wa al-jama'ah. [The Discourse of Ahl al-Sunnah's Hadith in Pesantren: The Study of the Book Hujja Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a by Kyai Ali Ma'sum Krapyak. The discourse of hadith cannot be separated from the practice of everyday people's lives. All religious traditions are built on the foundation of the second source in Islam, hadith. At present, the studies of hadith in Islamic boarding schools almost get less interesting attention to discuss, even the study of hadith in pesantren occupies the umpteenth position compared to other scientific studies, such as Islamic law, ethics, or tafseer. Therefore, the various works of contemporary Indonesian scholars in the field of hadith that were born from the womb of pesantren are very minimal. This article will specifically discuss the book Hujja Ahl al-Sunna wa al-Jama'a, the work of the great scholar Kyai Ali Maksum, Krapyak Yogyakarta. This book existed to meet the needs of the Nahdliyyin community with arguments that form the basis of religious practice. One of them examines the debate about the traditions of ahl al-sunna wa al-jama'a, especially those that become the arguments of the ahl al-sunna wa al-jama'a group, which often lead to discourses on the practice of sunni groups such as the grave pilgrimage, tahlilan, and the determination of the beginning of the Fasting month between ru'ya and hisab. The work that was born from pesantren is a form of commitment to fighting bid'a discourses and a very inclusive and rigid understanding of Islam in addressing the traditions that develop in society. This research resulted in rejection and confirmation of the allegations of heresy narrated against the ahl al-sunna wa al-jama'a group.

The Effectiveness Of Financing Policy For The Developing Community Forest Plantation

Community Plantation Forest, known as Hutan Tanaman Rakyat or HTR, is one of social forestry programs aiming at reducing economic inequality at rural community level. However, there is no evidence that HTR has improved the community welfare at the local level due to some problems particularly funding availability. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of financing policy in developing HTR carried out by the Public Service Agency of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (BLU-KLHK) and to look for alternative sources of funding that might support the ongoing funding mechanism. Survey and focus group discussion (FGD) are methods used to collect the data. Qualitative descriptive, content analysis and Grindle theory approaches are implemented to analyze data. The results show that, based on the content of the policy, HTR financing mechanism managed by BLU-KLHK is efficient, comprehensive and prudent in regulating and facilitating the financial support to develop HTR. However, this funding policy has not been effective to support HTR business development at the implementation stages. Some other funding schemes that might be potential to support the development of HTR include LPDB, SBSN, Rural Area Development Program, and Village Fund