35 research outputs found

    Anatomical and functional mapping of striatal circuits controlling licking

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    The basal ganglia receive information about sensory-motor state, internal state, the recent history of actions and their outcomes. They integrate information in order to select the optimal action in the right sensory environment, to receive or avoid the predicted outcome based on the recent history. Eventhough models, such as reinforcement learning, reward prediction error, direct and indirect pathway antagonism, linking cognitive-behavioral phenomenon with neural data are widely agreed upon, they are not sufficient to explain a vast amount of experimental data. Therefore the roles of basal ganglia structures in action selection are yet to be understood. Striatum is considered to be the main basal ganglia structure that receives input from the whole cortex, many thalamic nuclei and midbrain dopaminergic cells and integrates these inputs and projects onto basal ganglia output structures. Therefore, striatum could be the key structure involved in optimal action selection by integrating information from different brain structures, together with dopaminergic input and where the decision for optimal action is made. Therefore understanding the role of striatum in action selection could be the key step in understanding basal ganglia functioning. (…

    13 yaşlı bir köpekte “old dog ensefalit” olgusu: Köpek distemper’ının ender formu

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    13 year-old male dog with complaints of fever, loss of appetite, stagnation as well as respiratory signs such as purulent nasal and eye discharge, cough and neurologic signs including apathy, ataxia, quadriplegia, muscular atrophy and myoclonus which admitted to the Animal Hospital of Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Selcuk University. “Old dog encephalitis” was determined by clinical, laboratory examinations and rapid distemper test. Clinical findings revealed hyperthermia, tachypnea and tachycardia. Intravenous 0.9% NaCl and 5% dextrose solution, vitamin and amino acids, ceftriaxone, n-acetylcysteine for improving clinical appearance and for controlling myoclonus pregabalin were used. In conclusion canine distemper virus may affect mature dogs over six years old as “old dog encephalitis” and this condition may provide a valuable model for further study of demyelinating diseases including measles in humans.13 yaşlı erkek bir köpek ateş, iştahsızlık, durgunluk gibi genel; purulent burun ve gözyaşı akıntısı, öksürük gibi respiratorik; apati, ataksi, kuadripleji, kas atrofisi ve miyoklonus gibi nörolojik bulgular ile Selçuk Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Hayvan Hastanesine getirilmiştir. Klinik muayene, laboratuvar analizleri ve yapılan distemper hızlı kiti ile “old dog ensefalit” tespit edilmiştir. Klinik muayenede vücut ısısı, solunum sayısı ve kalp ritminde artış belirlenmiştir. Tedavi olarak intravenöz 0.9% NaCl ve 5% dekstroz solüsyonları, vitamin ve aminoasitler, seftriakson, N-asetil sistein, miyoklonusu kontrol altına almak için pregabalin uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak köpeklerin distemper virüsünün 6 yaşından büyük erişkin köpekleri “old dog ensefalit” olarak etkileyebileceği ve bu durumun insanlarda kızamık dahil demiyelinizasyon hastalıklarının daha ileri çalışmaları için değerli bir model olabileceği kanısına varılmıştır

    A mesenteric cyst presenting as a femoral hernia: a case report

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    Mesenteric cysts are a rare phenomenon and can be encountered in different regions of the mesentery or in the retroperitoneal region. They are usually asymptomatic but may lead to a variety of symptoms depending on their site. We report a case of a mesenteric cyst presenting as a femoral hernia, which is, to our knowledge, the second case found in the literature. Forty-eight years old female patient presented with a history of pain and swelling in her left inguinal region for six months. Although femoral hernias are rare conditions, mesenteric cysts can protrude inside the femoral canal. In a case of clinical suspicion of such a condition, appropriate imaging should be performed

    The Relationship Between Serum Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Levels and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Children with Nephrotic Syndrome

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    Aim:Nephrotic syndrome is a common type of kidney disease during childhood characterized by proteinuria, edema and hypoalbuminemia. Serum asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) inhibits vascular nitric oxide production and may be an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between ADMA and atherosclerotic risk factors in children with nephrotic syndrome.Methods:Forty-one children with nephrotic syndrome and 33 healthy children were included in the study. Patients’ demographic and anthropometric characteristics, biochemical tests, serum homocysteine, ADMA and carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) were assessed. The patients were divided into three groups: group 1 - steroid-free remission; group 2 - steroid-induced remission, still on steroid therapy; and group 3 - active proteinuria.Results:The patient and control groups were similar in terms of age, sex, weight, height, body mass index, and systolic blood pressure (p>0.05). Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in children with nephrosis than in controls. Serum ADMA, homocysteine and CIMT measurements were not different between the two groups (p>0.05). There was a positive correlation between diastolic blood pressure and CIMT measurement in patients. In group 3, ADMA was positively correlated with total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.Conclusion:Children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome did not show signs of endothelial damage assessed by ADMA and CIMT

    Occupatıonal Health And Safety In Pressure Dıe Castıng Industry

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    İş sağlığı ve güvenliğinin önemi, iş kazalarının ve meslek hastalıklarının verdiği zararlardan korunma çabaları sürecinde artmıştır. İş kazaları ve meslek hastalıkları birçok çalışanın hastalanmasına, yaralanmasına, sakat kalmasına ve hatta hayatlarını kaybetmesine yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, basınçlı döküm alanında faaliyet gösteren 10 farklı firmanın 2011-2016 yılları arasında meydana gelen iş kazaları incelenmiştir. Firmalar basınçlı döküm alanında faaliyet gösteren ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliği kurallarını uygulamayı ilke edinmiş firmalar arasından seçilmiştir. Yaşanan iş kazalarının çeşitleri, kaza sıklık oranları firmalar bazında sayısal veriler halinde incelenmiş olup bu kazaların nedenlerine ilişkin; çalışanların eğitim düzeyleri, bu sektörde çalışma kıdem süreleri, çalışanların yaş aralıkları ve iş kazası geçirip geçirmeme durumları incelenmiştir. Kaza nedenlerinin çalışanların o işte çalıştıkları kıdem yılı, yaş aralığı ve eğitim düzeyleri ile doğrudan ilişkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. En sık karşılaşılan kazalar; El kol sıkışması, yanıklar, buhar patlaması, anahtar (switch) hatası, çapak batması ve kas iskelet yaralanmaları olarak görülmüştür. Basınçlı döküm sektörü, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından tehlikeli işler sınıfında yer alıyor olmasından ve bu alanda gerçekleşen kazaların verdiği zararın şiddetinin yüksek olmasından dolayı çalışanlar işletme içerisinde ilk etapta daha az tehlikeli işlerde çalıştırılmalı, çalışanın iş güvenliği bilincinin oluştuğundan ve güvenli davranışlar sergilediğinden emin olunduktan sonra basınçlı döküm işinde çalışabilir onayı verilmelidir. Meydana gelen iş kazalarının yıllara göre istatistiki verileri ki-kare' analiz yöntemi kullanılarak tespit edilmiş ve yaşanan kazaların azaltılmasına ve yaşanması kaçınılmaz kazaların vereceği zararın şiddetinin azaltılmasına yönelik sonuçlar ve çözüm önerileri sunulmuşturThe importance of occupational health and safety has increased in the process of prevention efforts from damage caused by occupational accidents and occupational diseases. Work-related accidents and occupational diseases cause many workers to fall sick, injury, become disabled and even to loss of life. This study investigates occupational accidents occurred between the years 2011-2016 within 10 different companies operating in the field of pressure casting. These 10 firms are selected among the companies that operate in the field of pressure casting adopting the occupational health and safety principles. Types of occupational accidents and accident frequency rates were examined in terms of numerical data per each firm. Moreover, the level of education of the employees, total working time in years in this sector, age ranges and their history of occupational accidents are examined as causing factors of these accidents. It is concluded that the reasons for accidents are directly related to the seniority year, age range and education level of the employees. The common accidents which are frequently observed are hand-arm compression, burns, steam burst, switch failure, burring, and musculoskeletal injuries. Since the pressure casting sector resides in the group of dangerous jobs in terms of occupational health and safety and the damages caused by the mentioned accidents are severe, the employees should be employed first in less dangerous works within the enterprise. When the job security consciousness of the employees is established, and they exhibit safe behaviors, the employees can obtain the approval to work in the pressure casting field. The statistical data analysis of occupational accidents is conducted utilizing chi-square analysis. Consequently, results are discussed, and solutions are suggested to reduce the number of accidents and alleviate the severity of the accidents caused by the inevitable accident

    Molecular detection and characterization of Hepatozoon spp. in dogs from the Central part of Turkey

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    WOS:000354158100028PubMed:25800100Canine hepatozoonosis is a tick-borne protozoal disease caused by Hepatozoon spp. Two species of Hepatozoon are currently known to infect dogs as Hepatozoon canis and H. americanum. Although H. canis generally causes a chronic infection with relatively mild clinical alterations compared to H. americanum, infection by H. canis can be life-threatening. The disease is widespread in USA, Africa, Europe, South America, and Asia. To determine the frequency of infection with Hepatozoon spp. in stray dogs from Central Anatolia Region of Turkey, a total of 221 blood samples collected over a three-year period were evaluated by using genus specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) designed to amplify a fragment of 666 bp located in 18 S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. Eight (3.61%) blood samples were positive for Hepatozoon spp. For the classification of species, all positive PCR products were purified with a PCR purification kit and sequenced. Sequencing results of eight representative amplicons indicated that 6 were 98-99% identical to the sequence of H. canis and the other 2 sequences were 95-97% identical to the sequence of Hepatozoon spp. So it was named Hepatozoon sp. MF. A phylogenetic tree was constructed from the sequences of the tick-borne agents identified previously and in this study using the neighbor-joining method. The nucleotide sequences were compared to the H. canis sequences reported in Turkey using the nucleotide Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program. The results of this study are significant in terms of the presence of a novel canine Hepatozoon genotype. (C) 2015 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved

    Hasta memnuniyetini etkileyen faktörlerin analizi: akredite edilmiş iki özel hastane örneği

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    İstanbul Bilim Üniversitesi, Sağlık Hizmetleri Meslek Yüksekokulu.Çalışmanın amacı, İstanbul’da akredite edilmiş iki özel grup hastanesi servislerinde yatarak ve ayaktan tedavi gören hastaların tedavi süresince aldıkları hizmetlerden memnun olup olmadıkları ile memnuniyet düzeylerinin ölçülerek değerlendirilmesidir.

    TORAKSIN NADİR BİR TÜMÖRÜ: ASKİN (PNET) TÜMÖRLÜ 2 OLGU

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    GİRİŞ: Periferik nöroektodermal tümör (PNET), genellikle çocuklarda ve genç erişkinlerde görülenmezenkimal kökenli küçük yuvarlak hücreli ve çoğunlukla yumuşak doku ve kemik tutulumu gösterenEwing sarkom ailesine ait bir tümör çeşididir. Torakopulmoner yerleşimi oldukça nadirdir ve Askintümör olarak özel isme sahiptir. 2014 yılında yapılan bir çalışmada İngiltere’de literatürde 20’den azolguya torakopulmoner PNET tanısı konulduğu bildirilmiştir. Biz de nadir görülen torakopulmoneryerleşimli PNET/ASKİN tümörlü 2 olgumuzu sunmak istedik.OLGU 1: 31 yaşında kadın hasta; öksürük, nefes darlığı şikayeti üzerine yapılan toraksgörüntülemelerinde sol akciğerde 9x8,5 cm boyutunda kitlesel lezyon saptanmış. PET/BT’sindemetastaz lehine bulgusu olmayan hasta rezeksiyon planıyla operasyona alındı. Göğüs duvarı vevertebra invazyonu olduğu izlenen hastaya 4,5,6,7. kotlara parsiyel rezeksiyon, T4-8 vertebraltransversektomi, sol alt lobektomi ve mediastinal lenf nodu diseksiyonu uygulandı. Göğüs duvarıdefekti prolen mesh ile kapatıldı. Histopatolojik tanısı PNET olarak sonuçlandı (cerrahi sınır temiz,T4N0M0). Adjuvan kemoradyoterapi alan hastada 2 yıl sonra T3-4 ve T7-8 vertebrada nüks gelişmesiüzerine nöroşirürji ekibince T3-4, T7-8 transvers proçes eksizyonu ve total laminektomi uygulandı.Takibinde ikinci sıra KT alan hasta pnömoni ve uygunsuz ADH sendromuna sekonder komplikasyonlarsonucu izleminin 32.ayında kaybedildi.OLGU 2: 29 yaşında kadın hasta, sağda göğüs duvarında şişlik ve ağrı şikayeti üzerine çekilentomogrofisinde sağ hemitoraksta 15x14x14 cm boyutunda içerisinde kanamalı alanlar da izlenengross kitle saptanmış. Tru-cut biyopsiden PNET tanısı alan hasta neoadjuvan KT aldıktan sonraoperasyona alındı. Hastaya sağ alt lobektomi, mediastinal lenf nodu diseksiyonu, göğüs duvarıinvazyonu sebebiyle 6,7,8,9. kotlara parsiyel rezeksiyon ve parsiyel diafragma rezeksiyonu uygulandı.Göğüs duvarı defekti prolen mesh ile kapatıldı. Nihai patoloji raporu PNET (cerrahi sınır temiz,T4N0M0) olarak sonuçlandı. Adjuvan KT-RT alan hastada tedavi altındayken izleminin 12. ayında eskioperasyon hattı komşuluğunda lokal nüks ve batın içi metastaz saptandı. Hasta izleminin 13.ayındatedavi altındayken kaybedildi.SONUÇ: PNET agresif seyirli ve mortalitesi yüksek olup torakopulmoner yerleşimi oldukça nadirdir.Toraks yerleşimli olgularda %70 oranında kot invazyonu izlendiği belirtilmiştir. Kemik, plevra, epiduralinvazyon varlığı kötü prognostik faktörlerdir. Lokal nüks oranı oldukça yüksek olması (%80) sebebiylegüvenli cerrahi sınırla radikal rezeksiyon ve adjuvan-neoadjuvan tedavinin birlikte uygulanmasıönerilmektedir. 3 yıllık sağ kalım oranı %40-50 oranındadır.</p

    Haemoparasitic agents associated with ovine babesiosis: A possible negative interaction between Babesia ovis and Theileria ovis

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    WOS:000430775000027PubMed:29559137Babesiosis, theileriosis, and anaplasmosis are the most common tick-borne diseases in sheep. The majority of anaplasmosis and theileriosis are subclinical; however, babesiosis causes severe infections in small ruminants. Although there are many reports of co-infections with the agents of these diseases, their clinical severity compared with either of the infections alone is unknown. Within the host, interactions between co-infecting species may cause variations in clinical presentation and response to therapy. The aim of this study was to determine the tick-borne agents in sheep located at sites where fatal disease outbreaks caused by babesiosis have commonly been reported. Two hundred and nine sheep with clinical signs suggestive of ovine babesiosis were included in the study. The initial diagnosis of haemoparasites was based on clinical symptoms and microscopy and was confirmed using PCR assays. The blood samples were examined for the presence of Babesia ovis (B. ovis), Anaplasma ovis (A. ovis), A. phagocytophilum, and Theileria ovis (T. ovis). The results showed 86.12% of the animals were infected with one or more pathogens. B. ovis was the dominant pathogen. Overall, the infection rate of B. ovis, A. ovis, T. ovis, and A. phagocytophilum was 70.81%, 56.94%, 21.05%, and 2.39%, respectively. The infection rate of B. ovis alone (31.11%) was higher than A. ovis (9.44%) or T. ovis (1.67%) alone. Co infections were found at a higher percentage (57.78%) than single infections (42.22%). A. ovis was detected in the blood of a high percentage (98.07%) of co-infected animals. Coexistence of B. ovis and A. ovis (34.45%) was more common than other combinations of species. There was a noticeably low level of co-occurrence between B. ovis and T. ovis (1.11%). During the study, 11 sick animals did not survive despite treatment. Seven were infected with B. ovis alone, three had a dual infection with B. ovis and A. ovis, and one had B. ovis, A. ovis, and T. ovis.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK)Turkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [TOVAG-113-O-336]The authors would like to thank to The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK, TOVAG-113-O-336) for financial support
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