905 research outputs found
Az orvos–beteg kommunikáció csapdái daganatos betegség esetén
Absztrakt
Orvos és beteg között kommunikációs szempontból nyelvzavar áll fenn, amely gátat
szab egymás megértésének. A daganatos betegség – fenyegető és krónikus volta
miatt – kidomborítja a kommunikációs nehézségeket, felerősíti a kapcsolat
jelentőségét. Minden nyelvzavar csak úgy oldható fel, ha megértjük a másik fél
motivációit és helyzetét. Célunk az, hogy ennek érdekében az orvosokat
hozzásegítsük a beteg, a betegséggel terhelt állapot kommunikációs szempontból
lényeges jellemzőinek megismeréséhez. Mélyinterjúkat készítettünk érintett
laikusokkal és szakemberekkel, hogy kirajzolódjanak a tipikus kommunikációs
zavarok. Jellemzően akkor keletkezik kommunikációs vákuum, amikor a beteg – és
ezáltal az orvos – számára is súlyos híreket kell közölni. A beteg számára
pszichésen megterhelő a rossz hírek befogadása, az orvosnak pedig aránytalan
kihívás, hogy minél kisebb lelki fájdalmat okozzon a páciensnek, miközben saját
lelki tartalmaira sem áll módjában tekintettel lenni. Az orvos ezt a nehézséget
csak úgy csökkentheti a kiégés veszélye nélkül, ha ismeri a pszichés
jellemzőket, amelyek a befogadó felől gátat szabnak a hatékony kommunikációnak.
Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(17), 649–653
Factor XIII and inflammatory cells
Factor XIII is a coagulation factor with multiple plasmatic and cellular functions part of which is outside of the field of traditional hemostasis. The aim of the review is to provide a brief summary on the relationship between coagulation factor XIII (FXIII) and the cells of the immune system. In the first part the structure and biochemical functions of plasma and cellular FXIII are briefly summarized. Then, the interaction between leukocytes and factor XIII is discussed. This part includes the activation of FXIII by human neutrophil elastase, the down-regulation of activated FXIII (FXIIIa) by granulocyte proteases within the clot, and the effect of FXIIIa on leukocytes. In the following part data on the expression and subcellular distribution of FXIII in monocytes/macrophages are summarized. Another part of the review is devoted to changes of FXIII expression during monocyte differentiation and monocyte activation by the classical or the alternative pathway. In the final part reports on the possible functions of cellular FXIII in monocytes and macrophages are evaluated
Overview of parametric survival analysis for health-economic applications.
Health economic models rely on data from trials to project the risk of events (e.g., death) over time beyond the span of the available data. Parametric survival analysis methods can be applied to identify an appropriate statistical model for the observed data, which can then be extrapolated to derive a complete time-to-event curve. This paper describes the properties of the most commonly used statistical distributions as a basis for these models and describes an objective process of identifying the most suitable parametric distribution in a given dataset. The approach can be applied with both individual-patient data as well as with survival probabilities derived from published Kaplan-Meier curves. Both are illustrated with analyses of overall survival from the Sorafenib Hepatocellular Carcinoma Assessment Randomised Protocol trial
Validation of Reference Genes for the Determination of Platelet Transcript Level in Healthy Individuals and in Patients with the History of Myocardial Infarction
Comparison of a New P2Y12 Receptor Specific Platelet Aggregation Test with Other Laboratory Methods in Stroke Patients on Clopidogrel Monotherapy
The Superiority of Anti-FXa Assay Over Anti-FIIa Assay in Detecting Heparin-Binding Site Antithrombin Deficiency
Prescribing and medication communication on the post-take ward round
Gaps in communication between medical officers and poor planning are associated with prescribing errors and may result in patient harm. This study describes medication communication on Post Take Ward Rounds (PTWR). Over 6 weeks on 24 PTWRs, 130 patients, prescribed 1244 medications were observed. Of these, 811(65%) medications were discussed, with 249 discussions (relating to 126 medications) being ‘in-depth’. Of 191 planned medication-related actions, 38 (20%) were not implemented by the end of the PTWR and 21 (11%) by time of discharge from hospital. This study suggests that the level of medication communication and subsequent actions are suboptimal. Processes to improve this situation should be explored
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