82 research outputs found
An hp-version discontinuous Galerkin method for integro-differential equations of parabolic type
We study the numerical solution of a class of parabolic integro-differential equations with weakly singular kernels. We use an -version discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the discretization in time. We derive optimal -version error estimates and show that exponential rates of convergence can be achieved for solutions with singular (temporal) behavior near caused by the weakly singular kernel. Moreover, we prove that by using nonuniformly refined time steps, optimal algebraic convergence rates can be achieved for the -version DG method. We then combine the DG time-stepping method with a standard finite element discretization in space, and present an optimal error analysis of the resulting fully discrete scheme. Our theoretical results are numerically validated in a series of test problems
Failure Investigation of a Fill Slope in Putrajaya, Malaysia
On 6th of January 2001, a fill slope collapsed in Putrajaya, Malaysia. The failed slope was 25m in height. The failure caused the slope to pushed two reinforced earth walls and the recently completed jetty and boat docking facilities to collapse. The depth of the failure scar was about 2m with a failure length of about 50m. A failure investigation was then carried out to determine the causes of failure. A total of thirteen new boreholes, fifteen Mackintosh probes and three hand augers were carried out to determine the soil profile. A desk study of existing information and records, site reconnaissance and mapping of the failure area was also carried out to determine the causes and the extent of the failure. Some of the findings of the failure investigation are there were no pile slab found at reinforced earth wall W2 as stated in the drawings and the groundwater table has risen as a result of the filling of the lake, which was carried out after the construction of the fill slope. The groundwater table at failure was found to be much higher than those measured during the site investigation works. Seepages of water were also seen from the failed area
Generalized Laguerre expansions of multivariate probability densities with moments
AbstractWe generalize the well-known Laguerre series approach to approximate multivariate probability density functions (PDFs) using multidimensional Laguerre polynomials. The generalized Laguerre series, which is defined around a Gamma PDF, is suited for simulating high complex natural phenomena that deviate from Gaussianity. Combining the multivariate Laguerre approximation and Bayes theorem, an approximation to the conditional PDFs is derived. Numerical results first showed the superiority of the Gamma expansion over other numerical methods. The ability of the Gamma expansion to fit mixtures of Gaussian ans super Gaussian PDFs, univariate and multivariate Lognormal PDFs, and complex geologic media is shown through different examples
PROSES PENYELESAIAN NAFKAH ISTERI DI MAHKAMAH RENDAH SYARIAH TANAH MERAH KELANTAN, PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM (Studi Kasus di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan)
Nafkah adalah kewajiban yang menjadi kebiasaan oleh suami untuk istri
yang menjadi tanggungannya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidup, baik berupa
pangan (makanan), sandang (pakaian) ataupun papan (tempat tinggal) dan lainnya
dengan sesuatu yang baik dan halal.
Pengaturan nafkah ini adalah untuk merealisasikan kemaslahatan dalam
membina tujuan asal sebuah pernikahan yaitu sakinah, mawaddah, dan rahmah.
Bagi memastikan agar syarat-syarat dan ajaran Al-Quran ini terlaksana maka di
Negara Malaysia khususnya Kelantan ada Undang-Undang Keluarga Islam
Kelantan Tahun 2002 Pasal 60 ayat 1 yaitu dalam Hukum Syarak , mahkamah
berhak memerintahkan suami membayar nafkah istri atau bekas istri jika dituntut
oleh mereka. Selain itu dalam Pasal 60 ayat 2 apabila istri itu nusyuz atau enggan
sebagaimana yang dinyatakan dalam Hukum Syarak maupun mahkamah , maka
istri tersebut tidak berhak mendapat nafkah dari suaminya. Dan Pasal 60 ayat 3
menjelaskan jika istri kembali taat kepada suami dan menurut segala kemahuan
suami serta menjalankan tanggungjawab sebagai istri, maka istri itu tidaklah
menjadi nusyuz dan berhak mendapat nafkah dari suaminya. Walaupun sudah ada
undang-undang yang mengatur tentang nafkah istri, tetapi masih ramai lagi suami
yang mengabaikan nafkah istri berdasarkan kasus yang terdapat di Mahkamah
Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan. Dengan ini, menarik perhatian penulis
untuk tentang pelanggaran hukum ini.
Adapun permasalahan dalam skripsi ini yaitu sebab-sebab istri
mengajukan nafkah istri ke Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan
Malaysia, bagaimana keputusan hakim tentang nafkah istri tersebut di Mahkamah
Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan Malaysia, tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap
keputusan yang diputuskan oleh hakim tentang penyelesaian nafkah istri di
Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan Malaysia.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apa saja sebab-sebab istri
mengajukan nafkah istri ke Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan
Malaysia, untuk mengetahui bagaimana keputusan hakim tentang nafkah istri di
Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan Malaysia, dan untuk
mengetahui tinjauan hukum Islam terhadap keputusan yang diputuskan oleh
hakim tentang penyelesaian nafkah istri di Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Tanah
Merah Kelantan Malaysia.
Metode penelitian dalam pengambilan data, peneliti menggunakan
beberapa teknik yaitu, observasi, wawancara dan analisa dokumen untuk
mendapatkan bahan analisis. Data-data yang terkumpul tersebut bersumber
kepada data primer yaitu data-data yang peneliti perolehi dari lapangan dan data
skunder yaitu data-data yang diperolehi dari buku-buku bacaan yang mempunyai
hubungan dengan masalah yang diteliti. Setelah data terkumpul, kemudian analisis
dengan menggunakan metode kaulitatif. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian
lapangan (field research), dan untuk sampel, penulis mengambil teknik total
sampling , terdapat beberapa metode penulisan yang penulis ambil adalah dengan
metode deduktif yaitu kaedah-kaedah yang bersifat umum, metode induktif yaitu
gambaran data-data yang khusus dan metode deskriptif analitis yaitu mengemukan
data-data yang diperlukan apa adanya.
Hasil dari penelitian ini, penulis menyimpulkan bahwa dari beberapa kasus
yang dipaparkan dalam skripsi ini, maka secara umum dapat difahami sebab istri
mengajukan nafkah itri ke Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan
adalah dikarenakan suami tidak melaksanakan kewajibannya memberi nafkah
secara baik dan benar. Istri merasa haknya terabaikan oleh suami.
Terdapat juga beberapa keputusan dari hakim tentang empat kasus yang
diajukan ke Mahkamah Rendah Syariah Tanah Merah Kelantan. Kasus pertama
antara Nik Azizah binti Che Seman dengan Md Iskandar bin Musa diputuskan
bahwa suami diperintah membayar nafkah istri sejumlah RM 500.00 atau RP
1.500.000 sebgaimana yang dituntut oleh istri. Kemudian untuk kasus kedua
antara Marjan binti Mokhtar dengan Baharuddin bin Hassan, hakim
memerintahkan suami membayar sejumlah RM350.00 atau RP 1.050.000 yaitu
separuh daripada tuntutan istri. Seterusnya kasus ketiga antara Wan Roshaiza binti
Wan Ibrahim dengan Hamizi bin Shafie, hakim memutuskan tuntutan istri ditolak
karena nusyuz dan suami tidak diperintahkan untuk membayar nafkah istri. Dan
untuk kasus keempat antara Nor Izzati binti Abd Manaf dengan Mohammad
Irman bin Che Hashim , diperintahkan untuk berdamai karena adanya permintaan
dari pihak yang berperkara. Kasus ini ditarik kembali dan tidak dilanjutkan.
Dalam pandangan Islam, adanya suatu lembaga peradilan yang
menyelesaikan kasus ini cukup baik. Mengenai keputusan-keputusan yang
diambil oleh hakim yang ada dilembaga tersebut sudah benar karena sudah
melalui proses hukum acara yang berlaku dilembaga tersebut. Keputusan yang
diambil masing-masing kasus berbeda sesuai dengan persoalan yang dihadapi oleh
para pihak yang berperkara. Kemudian mengenai sanksi yang ditetapkan kepada
suami apabila tidak membayar sesuai yang diputuskan hakim merupakan suatu
ketentuan yang dibenarkan dalam pandangan Islam, karena ini termasuk salah satu
bentuk sanksi takzir yaitu sanksi yang diserahkan kepada penguasa atau hakim
untuk menentukan bentuk-bentuk sanksinya. Sedangkan dalam nash sendiri tidak
disebutkan bentuk-bentuk sanksinya oleh Allah
LOW LEVELS OF MICROVESSEL DENSITY AND IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL EXPRESSION OF VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR IN CARCINOGEN-INDUCED DUCTAL MAMMARY GLAND CARCINOMA OF RATS SUPPLEMENTED WITH GARLIC
The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-angiogenesis activity of diet containing 5% of garlic powder (G) on mammary gland carcinoma induced by N-methyl-N-nitorsourea (MNU) in female Sprague Dawley rats. A total of 24 female Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned in to three groups namely, control, MNU and MNU+G (n=8). MNU group rats received four consecutive subcutaneous (sc) injections of MNU at a dose of 60 mg/kg per injection and basal diet, MNU+G group rats received four consecutive sc injections of MNU at a dose of 60 mg/kg per injection and diet containing 5% of garlic powder, while control rats were injected with normal saline and fed with normal diet. All rats were euthanised at 24 weeks of experimental period. Microvessel density (MVD) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expressions were investigated through histopathology and immunohistochemistry methods. Results showed MNU induced ductal mammary gland carcinoma in rats of MNU and MNU+G groups. MVD scoring values showed significant (p<0.05) higher score of MNU group compared to MNU+G and control groups. Overexpression of VEGF was observed significantly (p<0.05) in MNU group compared to MNU+G and control groups. Administration of diet containing 5% of garlic powder to female Sprague Dawley rats minimised the development of ductal mammary gland carcinoma by inhibiting the angiogenesis activity.Â
Characterisation of calcium carbonate and its polymorphs from cockle shells (Anadara granosa)
Calcium carbonate and its polymorphs from cockle shells (Anadara granosa) and commercial calcium carbonate were characterised using a variable pressure scanning electron microscopes (VPSEM), a transmission electron microscope (TEM), an energy dispersive X- ray analyser (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Cubic-like calcite crystals of commercial calcium carbonate and rod-like aragonite crystals of cockle shell powders were observed by both SEM and TEM. The EDX results showed that the cockle shells contained more calcium and carbon than the commercial calcium carbonate, whereas the commercial calcium carbonate contained more oxygen than the cockle shells. FT-IR analyses revealed the presence of carbonate groups in both the cockle shells and the commercial calcium carbonate. FT-IR analyses also showed the presence of aragonite in the cockle shells and calcite in the commercial calcium carbonate. XRD analyses showed that the cockle shells powder contained aragonite, whereas the commercial calcium carbonate contained calcite. The cockle shells powder was formed with good quality calcium carbonate and contained calcium carbonate in the aragonite phase
VERIFICATION FOR MODELING OF ULTIMATE LOAD FOR LIGHTWEIGHT PALM OIL CLINKER REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS WITH WEB OPENINGS USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
ABSTRAC
A novel method for the synthesis of calcium carbonate (aragonite) nanoparticles from cockle shells
We report a simple, novel and low-cost method for the synthesis of aragonite nanoparticles from cockle shells. Aragonite is one of the least abundant biogenic polymorphs of calcium carbonate and is widely used as a biomaterial for the repair of fractured bone, development of advanced drug delivery systems, and tissue scaffolds. The method involves a simple mechanical grinding of the micron-sized cockle shell powders in the presence of a non-toxic and non-hazardous biomineralization catalyst, dodecyl dimethyl betaine (BS-12). The method produces rod-shaped aragonite particles with a diameter of 20 ± 5 nm with good reproducibility and without any additional impurities. This was confirmed by a combined analysis of variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transmission infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analyser (EDX). The method should find potential applications in industry for the large scale synthesis of aragonite nanoparticles from a low cost but abundant natural resource such as cockle shells
A review on gamma greenhouse as a chronic gamma irradiation facility for plant breeding and improvement program
The research on radiation induced mutation has been conducted as one of the promising method of plant breeding in Malaysia since 1980s. Nuclear Malaysia is leading research institute in Malaysia conducting plant mutation breeding research. Gamma Greenhouse facility located in Nuclear Malaysia is one of the irradiation facilities to serve as a chronic irradiation facility for inducing mutation in various organisms including plants, fungi and microbes. Chronic irradiation refers to the exposure of materials at a lower dose rate over a long period of time. Previous studies have shown that this type of irradiation can minimize radiation damages to living materials and produces a wider mutation spectrum, therefore is very useful for trait improvements in irradiated organisms. Experiments on induce mutation using Gamma Greenhouse facility for crop improvement program have been conducted since its first operation in 2009. Various plant species including ornamental and herbal plants, food crops and industrial crops have been irradiated to improve their traits such as higher yield and biomass, pest and disease tolerance, higher bioactive compounds, longer bloom time and many others. Most of these crop improvement programs were done through collaborations with other agencies in Malaysia such as universities, research institutes and government departments. A number of publications on crop improvement using Gamma Greenhouse have been published in local and international journals as well as seminar presentations at national and international levels. The outputs from induced mutation via chronic radiation using Gamma Greenhouse could be of great interest for plant breeders dealing with improvement and development of new cultivars. This paper discusses the activities and achievement in plant breeding and improvement using Gamma Greenhouse Facility in Malaysia
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