Market Fairness in Islamic Economics Law and Ethics: a Study on Modern and Traditional Market Regulations in Indonesia

: This study has been motivated by unfair market conditions in the form of marginalization of traditional markets in Indonesia due to unequal competition with the modern market. This article tries to find a fair legal formulation to maintain the existence of a small market (traditional). To find the legal formulation, the author attempts to discuss market regulation in Indonesian legislation, analyzed and found it to be optimized to create a fair market arrangements in the perspective of Islamic law. This study propose a paradigm that the market functions not only as an business institution but also as religious and social institutions based on brotherhood which requires mutual respect and responsibility. There are prescriptive law to maintain the existence of traditional markets in Indonesia, which optimizes the concept of ownership as a form of common ownership and optimize the regulation of cooperation between the traditional and the modern market economy based on the doctrine of Islamic law

Distinct forms of synaptic inhibition and neuromodulation regulate calretinin positive neuron excitability in the spinal cord dorsal horn

The dorsal horn (DH) of the spinal cord contains a heterogenous population of neurons that process incoming sensory signals before information ascends to the brain. We have recently characterized calretinin-expressing (CR+) neurons in the DH and shown that they can be divided into excitatory and inhibitory subpopulations. The excitatory population receives high-frequency excitatory synaptic input and expresses delayed firing action potential discharge, whereas the inhibitory population receives weak excitatory drive and exhibits tonic or initial bursting discharge. Here, we characterize inhibitory synaptic input and neuromodulation in the two CR+ populations, in order to determine how each is regulated. We show that excitatory CR+ neurons receive mixed inhibition from GABAergic and glycinergic sources, whereas inhibitory CR+ neurons receive inhibition, which is dominated by glycine. Noradrenaline and serotonin produced robust outward currents in excitatory CR+ neurons, predicting an inhibitory action on these neurons, but neither neuromodulator produced a response in CR+ inhibitory neurons. In contrast, enkephalin (along with selective mu and delta opioid receptor agonists) produced outward currents in inhibitory CR+ neurons, consistent with an inhibitory action but did not affect the excitatory CR+ population. Our findings show that the pharmacology of inhibitory inputs and neuromodulator actions on CR+ cells, along with their excitatory inputs can define these two subpopulations further, and this could be exploited to modulate discrete aspects of sensory processing selectively in the DH

PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER CINTA TANAH AIR MELALUI PROGRAM HARMONI HIJAU DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI PERBATASAN SAMBAS - MALAYSIA

AbstractThis research is aimed to know the character education of love homeland through at green  harmony program at Border State Elementary School Sambas - Malaysia. Which viewed from aspect of planning, implementation, and evaluation of learning characteristic of green harmony. Place of research conducted at 03 Sajingan Besar Elementary School  and 7 Sasak Elementary School. This research is a qualitative research that produces descriptive data. The subject of this research were headmasters, teachers, and students. Data collected by  interview, observation, and documentation. Data were analyzed using data analysis techniques with data collection steps, data reduction, data presentation, and data verification (drawing conclusions). Technique examination of data validity by using technique triangulation and source. The results showed that character education through green schools program implemented in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of  learning is running well. Characteristic learning planning begins with an understanding of school programs and planning of learning scenarios. The implementation of learning is carried out by applying SERU's learning (happy, effective, friendly, unique) and contextual learning approaches. Characteristic learning evaluation is conducted by observation, anacdetal record, and portfolio Keywords: Character education, love homeland,  green harmon

Spore Micromorphology and Anatomy of the Fern GenusHistiopterisJ. Sm. (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia

More recent classifications used mainly morphological data when Histiopteris was included as one of the genera in the family Dennstaedtiaceae. A study on spore micromorphological and anatomical studies of Histiopteris J. Sm. from Peninsular Malaysia was undertaken to provide spore micromorphological and anatomical information of the stipes, lamina and rhizomes for the genus. These information would become the source of reference and comparison for other members within the family Dennstaedtiaceae and would deem necessary in future classification considerations of Histiopteris when similar studies are carried out for all genera of the Dennstaedtiaceae in the near future

Transaction cost economics identification in malaysian housing development: a preliminary review".

Shelter, albeit being one of the crucial physiological needs in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, is still considered as luxury needs as many people still struggle to afford a house especially in Malaysia. The issue stemmed from the mismatch between the affordability level and the housing prices. Many research delved from the demand and supply perspective to find the root cause, however, the problem still prevails. Hence, this research aimed to study the aforementioned issue from the transaction cost economics (TCE)’s perspective. TCE provides a platform to allow parties to deduce the invisible costs from transaction of activities. This can be done by determining the effectiveness of each transaction profile by enhancing the value between the two transactions, hence, lower the costs. This paper outlined a preliminary finding on TCE’s identification in typical housing development process based on RIBA Plan of Work 2013 process protocol. RIBA Plan of Work 2013 was chosen to provide a standard platform of measurement to ensure consistency in activities listed in the pre-contract and post-contract in typical housing development process. Interviews were conducted with purposive sampling with individuals working directly with housing development. The respondents were asked to verify the list of pre-determined TCEs by indicating whether those activities constitute under the TCEs components and whether activities identified as redundant or inefficient can be removed or enhanced. Analysis conducted using the frequency analysis managed to determine the most important and also the most redundant transaction cost components in a typical housing development. The findings revealed an interesting fact where the number of transaction cost components at both pre and post-contract were higher than the anticipated number attained from literature review. Higher number of identified transaction cost components indicates higher transaction cost in housing development. This further suggested that certain activities which were found redundant or inefficient can be either removed or enhanced to lower the transaction costs. The research findings provide a useful platform to further verify the TCE in housing development. The components will be quantified to ultimately develop a framework for a best practice transaction cost economics model to apprehend unaffordable housing issues. Hence, it is noteworthy that combining TCE and Lean Management theory will enhance this on-going research on identification and quantification of the transaction costs within the housing development to address matters that cause high transaction costs that subsequently increases the housing prices

Tindak Tutur Guru (Terapis) Dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (ABK)

Abstrak: Penggunaan ragam tindak tutur dalam interaksi belajar mengajar merupakan salah satu hal yang biasa dilakukan oleh guru. Setiap jenis tutur tersebut mempunyai  fungsi yang    penting  dalam  interaksi  belajar  mengajar. Dengan demikian, guru (terapis) dapat mempergunakan jenis tuturan ilokusi secara bergantian yang disesuaikan dengan fungsi dan konteksnya.Penelitian ini di lakukan di SLB Autis Lab UM Malang yang berada di Jl. Surabaya No.6, Sumbersari, Kec. Lowokwaru, Kota Malang Jawa Timur 65115. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan jenis tuturan asertif, direktif, komisisf, ekspresif, dan deklaratif yang dipakai guru di dalam kelas saat pembelajaran bahasa pada anak bekebutuhan khusus (ABK). Data yang diperoleh berupa tuturan tuturan guru (terapis) bukan data angka dengan menggunakan hitungan statistik. Hal ini sesuai dengan hakikat penelitian kualitatif.Adapun jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif karena dilakukan pada beberapa subjek penelitian pada suatu latar belakang tertentu, yaitu tuturan guru (terapis) dalam pembelajaran bahasa di kelas. Oleh ssebab itu,, untuk menganalisis dattanya,  penelityan inni memakai cara kerja menggunakan teoti, yaitu teoti pragmatik dan teoti tindak tutur.Hasil penelitian mengenai tindak tutur guru dalam mengajarkan bahasa Indonesia pada ABK dilakukan dengan cara pengamatan angsung (observasi) dan dokumentasi di temukan tuturan guru (terapis) dalampembelajaran bahasa di kelas, guru (terappis) memakai tindakan tutuarn ilokusi dalam pembelajarannya. Tindak tutur ilokusi yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran di antaranya adalah tindak tutur asertif, direktif, ekspresif deklaratif dan komisif. Kedua, Tuturan yang digunakan untuk pembelajaran bahasa untuk ABK adalah tuturan asertif (memberitahukan), direktif  (perintah, larangan, ajakan, permintaan, dan nasehat), ekspresif (mengucapkan terimakasih dan memuji), deklatatif(menunjuk), dan komisif (memanjatkan doa). (1) Tuturan asertif yang digunakan didalam pengajaran bahasa pada ABK adalah tindakantuturan asertif memberitahukan. Tindak tutur asertif memberitahukan digunakan guru (terapis) untuk memberitahukan materi dan pelajaran kepada ABK saat kegiatan awal dan proses dalam pembelajaran. (2) Tindakan tuturan direktif  perintah, larangan, mengajakan, perminta an, dan nasehat. Guru (terapis) mengggunakan tindak tutur direktif agar ABK melakukan tindakan yang dimaksud oleh guru ( terapis ). Dalam bertuturan direktif  perintah guru ( terapis ) memakay tindak tutur direktif perintah dengan menggunakan kata “maju”, tindak tutur direktif larangan “Tidak”, tindak tutur direktif ajakan “Ayo”,  tuturan direktif permintaan“pindah”  disesuaikan dengan konteks, tuturan direktif nasehat “Belajar yang rajin ya!”  disesuaikan dengan konteks. (3) Tindak tutur ekspresif mengucapkan terimakasih dan memuji. Guru (terapis) menggunakan tindak tutur ekspresif  unruk mengekspresikan,  mengungkapkan, atau memberitahukan sikap psikologisnya. Dalam pembelajaran guru (terapis) menggunakan tuturan “terimakasih”  dan tuturan ekspresif memuji “pintar!“ unruk mengekspresikan,  mengungkapkan, atau memberitahukan sikap psikologisnya. (4) Tindak tutur deklaratif yang digunakan guru (terapis) di antaranya adalah tindak tutur deklatatif menunjuk. Guru (terapis) menggunakan tindak tutur deklaratif untuk menciptakan hal (status, keadaan dan sebagainya) yang baru. Dalam proses pembelajaran guru (terapis) menggunakan tuturan direktif menunjuk ”Nah, selanjutnya SD” disesuaikan dengan konteks. (5) Tindakan tuturan kimisif yang di gunakan guru ( terapis) di antaranya adalah tindak tutur komisif memanjatkan doa. Guru (terapis) menggunakan tuturan komisif untuk melibatkan pembicara pada beberapa tindakan yang akan datang. Padasaat akan memulay aktivitas didalam kellas guru  ( terapis) menggunakan tuturan komisif memanjatkan doa untuk mengharapkan kebaikan di masa mendatang dalam pembelajaran bahasa pada ABK.Kata kunci: Tindak tutur, Guru (Terapis), pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, Anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK)

Optimization of protein extraction from freeze dried fish waste using response surface methodology (RSM)

The present study embarked on the objective of optimizing protein extraction from freeze dried fish waste (FD-FW), sardine (Sardina pilchardus). Introduction of freeze drying prior to extraction was aimed at reducing the risk of protein loses in fish waste (FW) during frozen storage before the extraction process. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to study the effect of independent variables, namely time (30-60 minutes), pH (7-11), rotation speed (100-300 rpm), and NaOH: substrate ratio (1-3) on protein extraction from FD-FW. From RSM-generated model, the optimum conditions for extraction of protein from FD-FW were identified to be at pH 10.56 in 48.61 minutes reaction time, with rotation speed of 104.77 rpm and NaOH: substrate ratio of 1.54. Predicted protein yield was 85.02 mg/ml while an experimental protein yield was 83.51 mg/ml as revealed by confirmatory studies

A review of facilities information requirements towards enhancing building information modelling (BIM) for facilities management (FM)

Building Information Modelling (BIM) for facilities management (FM) benefits the owner the most by increasing the value of information in their possession and the amount of Return on Investment (ROI). Research and application of BIM in FM are lagging behind similar efforts in design and construction. Information management is a major threat facing FM practice where the multidisciplinary activities demand extensive information requirements. Lack of accurate transmission of building information from the earlier stages of a building project to FM professionals leads to a significant loss in the quality of building information for operational needs, significant costs and rework, impedes the promotion of an automated FM practice integrated and a life-cycle oriented construction. This paper reviews current literature to gain an overview of the significant challenges to the demand and supply of critical data for FM in a BIM model. It also sought to understand efforts addressing these challenges to provide direction for facility information management at the project and organisational level

Pengaruh Ekstrak Tanaman Putri Malu (Mimosa Pudica Linn) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah pada Mencit (Mus Musculus)

The research aim is to determine the effect of mimosa plant (mimosa pudica Linn) to reduce blood sugar levels in mice and determining the effective concentration of mimosa plant extracts as an alternative to decrease blood sugar levels. The extract is produced by the infusion method. The animal test used is male mice with amount 18 mice that induced by EDTA (ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid). Mice are divided into 6 groups randomly with different treatment. The group I, II, III and IV were given the mimosa plant extract with a concentration of 10, 20, 30, and 40% (w/v) respectively while group V is given glibenclamide suspension as positive control (+) and group VI is given Na-CMC 1% as negative control (-). Data were analyzed using the statistical test analysis of variance (ANOVA) and then followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the mimosa plant extract contains flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins. In preclinical testing of mimosa plant extract proven to reduce blood sugar levels in mice and the most effective concentration is a concentration of 20% (w/v) with significantly α = 0.05